10.1 A cue stick strikes a stationary pool ball , with an average force of 50N over a time of 10 ms.

If the ball has mass 0.20 kg, what speed does it have just after the impact?
r r r r
D p = p f - pi = F D t
mvf -0 = F D t
F D t 50N 0.01s
vf = = = 2.5m / s
m 0.2kg

10.5 A force that averages

1200 N is applied to a 0.40kg steel ball moving at 14 m/s in a collision
lasting 27 ms. If the force is in a direction opposite the initial velocity, find the final speed and
direction of the ball.
This is an impulse problem. Assume that the initial velocity is in the positive direction and the force
is in the negative direction
D p = F Dt
D p = mv f - mv i
mv f - mv i = F Dt
F = -1200N
D t = 0.027s
mv f = F Dt + mv i
F
vf = D t + vi
m
-1200N
= 0.027s + 14m / s
0.40
= -67.0
Note that the direction has reversed.

10.18 A 2500 kg unmanned space probe is moving in a straight line at a constant speed of
300m/s. Control rockets on the space probe execute a burn in which a thrust of 3000N acts for
65s. (a) What is the change in the magnitude of the probes linear momentum if the thrust is
backward, forward or directly sideways? (b) What is the change in kinetic energy under the same
three conditions? Assume that the mass of the ejected burn products is negligible compared to the
mass of the rocket.
a
r r
pi = mv = 2500kg 300m / s i
= 7.5 10 5 kg m / s i

Thrust forward

 r
D p = F D t i = 3000N 65s i
= 1.95 10 5 kg m / s i
r r r
p f - pi = D p
r r r
p f = D p + pi
= 1.95 10 5 kg m / s i + 7.5 10 5 kg m / s i
= 9.45 10 5 kg m / s i
r
p = 9.45 10 5 kg m / s

Thrust backward:
r
D p = F D t i = -3000N 65s i
= -1.95 10 5 kg m / s i
r r r
p f - pi = D p
r r r
p f = D p + pi
= -1.95 10 5 kg m / s i + 7.5 10 5 kg m / s i
= 5.55 10 5 kg m / s i
r
p = 5.55 10 5 kg m / s

Thrust sideways
r
D p = F D t j = 3000N 65s j
= 1.95 10 5 kg m / s j
r r r
p f - pi = D p
r r r
p f = D p + pi
= 1.95 10 5 kg m / s j + 7.5 10 5 kg m / s i
r
p = (1.95 10 5 kg m / s) 2 + (7.5 10 5 kg m / s) 2
= 7.749 10 5 kg m / s

b) Since we know all of the momenta, we can compute the change in the K.

1 2 1
K i = mv i = 2500kg (300m / s) 2 = 1.125 10 8 J
2 2
Note that we can write K in terms of the magnitude of the momentum

1 1 m 2v 2 p 2
K = mv2 = =
2 2 m 2m
Thrust forward:

 2
pf
K f - Ki = - Ki
2m
(9.45 10 5 kg m / s) 2
= -1.125 10 8 J
2 2500kg
= 6.6110 7 J
Thrust backward:
2
pf
K f - Ki = - Ki
2m
(5.55 10 5 kg m / s) 2
= -1.125 10 8 J
2 2500kg
= -5.09 10 7 J
Thrust sideways
2
pf
K f - Ki = - Ki
2m
(7.749 10 5 kg m / s) 2
= -1.125 10 8 J
2 2500kg
= 7.59 10 6 J

10.20 A 5.2 g bullet moving at 672 m/s strikes a 700 g wooden block at rest on a frictionless
surface. The bullet
emerges traveling in the same direction with its speed reduced to 428 m/s. (a)
What is the resulting speed of the block? (b) What is the speed of the bullet block center of mass.
This is a conservation of momentum problem. We begin by computing the initial momentum and
then we set it equal to the final momentum. We can then find the final velocity of the block.

pi = mbullet v bullet + mBlock v Block

p f = mbullet v bullet + m Block v Block
p f = pi

m bullet v bullet + mBlock v Block = mbullet v bullet + mBlock v Block

mBlock v Block = mbullet v bullet + mBlock v Block - m bullet v bullet
m bullet
v Block = v Block + (v bullet - v bullet )
mBlock
0.0052
= 0+
(672m / s - 428m / s)
0.700
= 1.813m / s
(b) The velocity of the center of mass after the collision is the same as the velocity of the center of

mass before the collision since all of the forces are internal...

1
v cm = ( mbulletv bullet + mBlockv Block )
mbullet + mBlock
1
= (0.0052kg 672m / s + 0.7 0m / s)
0.0052kg + 0.7
= 4.955m / s
10.23 Meteor Crater in Arizona is thought have been formed by the impact of a meteor with the
earth some 20,000 years ago. The mass of the meteor is estimated at 5x1010kg and its speed at
7200 m/s. What
speed would such a meteor impart to the earth in a head-on collision.
We assume the earth at rest to find the kick that the earth receives. We treat this as a completely
inelastic collision as the meteorite will stick to the earth.

mv = (M + m)v
mv 5 101 0 kg 7200 -1 1
v = = 24 10 = 6 10 m / s
(M + m) 5.98 10 kg + 5 10 kg

10.40 A steel ball of mass 0.5 kg is fastened to a cord that is 70cm long and fixed at the far end.
The ball is then released when the cord is horizontal. At the bottom of its path, the ball strikes a 2.5
kg steel block initially at rest. The collision is elastic. Find (a) the speed of the ball and (b) the
speed of the block just after the collision.
We need to find the momentum and the energy of the ball just before the collision We do this by
using conservation of energy. The initial energy of the ball before it swings is equal to the energy
that it has just before the collision. Here the ball is little m and the block is M.

E i = mgl + 0
1
E f = mv 2
2
E f = Ei
1 2
mv = mgl
2
v = 2gl

This is the ball velocity just before the collision. We now use conservation of energy and
conservation of energy in the collision.

 1
E i = mv 2 = mgl
pi = mv = m 2 g l 2
2 2
1 1
p f = mv ball - Mv block E f = mv ball + Mv block
2 2
p f = pi E f = Ei
-mv ball + Mv block = m 2 g l 1 2
1 2
mv ball + Mv block = mgl
2 2

Wenow have two equations and two unknowns. We solve the momentum equation for one of the
unknowns, substitute into the energy equation
and solve. Its really, really messy... I did not
substitute in numbers so that you can see what is going on.

-mv ball + Mv block = m 2 g l

M
v ball = - 2 g l + v block
m
2 2
1 1
mv ball + Mv block = mgl
2 2
2
1 M 1
m(- 2 g l + v block ) 2 + Mv block = mgl
2 m 2
2 2 2
1 M M 1
m(2 g l + 2 v block - 2 2 g l v block ) + Mv block = mgl
2 m m 2
2 2 2
M M
m(2 g l + 2 v block - 2 2 g l v block ) + Mv block = 2mgl
m m
2 2
M
v block ( + M) - 2 2 g l M v block = 0
m
M2
v block (v block ( + M) - 2 2 g lM) = 0
m
M2
v block ( + M) - 2 2 g l M = 0
m
2 2 glM
v block =
M2
( + M)
m
M 2 2 g lM
v ball = - 2 g l +
m M2
( + M)
m
2 2 g lM
= - 2gl +
(M + m)
2M
= 2 g l( -1)
(M + m)