A

Industrial Visit Report

In
“400 KV Substation, Khedamara”
Submitted In partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree

Of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
“Electrical & Electronics Engineering”
To
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai
In Session: 2009- 2010

Submitted by:

BOYS
B.E., 7th /4th

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology

[ISO 9001:2000 Certified & NBA Accredited]

Balod Road, Durg. C.G. Pin: 491001

 ACKNOWLWDGEMENT

We are thankful to the organization “KHEDAMARA-400KV

SUBSTATION” to permit us for our industrial visit there. We
are also thankful to the EEE department of our college to
avail us the application for visit. We would like to thank our
guide (Mr. Sudhanshu Tripathi) who guided us during visit.
Last but not the least we thank our college for providing us the
opportunity.
 CONTENTS
1. About Khedamara Substation
2. Machine installed at the substation
a. CVT (Capacitor Voltage Transformer)
b. LA (Lightening Arresters)
c. WT (Wave Trap)
d. CB (Circuit Breaker)
e. Isolator
f. CT (Current Transformer)
g. PT (Potential Transformer)
h. PT (Power Transformer)
i. Reactor
j. Earthing
k. Feeder
3. One & Half Arrangement
Khedamara, 400KV Substation

An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and

distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using
transformers.

CSEB was formed in December 2000 to manage the power sector in the newly formed state of
Chhattisgarh. The board is an integrated entity for transmission, distribution and generation of
power.

Transmission operations in the state are divided into two circles - Bhilai and Bilaspur. The only
400 kV Substation of CSEB in Bhilai is situated at Khedamara, Jamul Bhilai.
Machine installed at Substation
CVT (capacitor voltage transformer)
 It is a transformer used for the measurement, protection and communication purposes.
 The transmission line is used for the power transmission as well as for communication
between the substations.
 It acts as a filter which blocks the frequencies above 240 kHz.
 The transformer maintains the line voltage across the transmission line.

LA (Lightening Arrester)
 A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to protect the
insulation on the system from the damaging effect of lightning .
 The typical lightning arrester also known as surge arrester has a high voltage terminal
and a ground terminal.
 When a lightning surge or switching surge travels down the power system to the
arrester, the current from the surge is diverted around the protected insulation in most
cases to earth.
 They are metallic lightning rods extending to the ground from a point above the highest
part of the tower, the conductor has a pointed edge on one side and the other side is
connected to a long thick copper strip which runs down the building. The lower end of
the strip is properly earthed. When lightning strikes it hits the rod and current flows
down through the copper strip.
 These rods form a low-resistance path for the lightning discharge.
 The resistance of lightning arrester should be less than unity.
WT (Wave Trap)
 This is relevant in Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) systems for communication
among various substations without dependence on the telecom company network. The
signals are primarily teleprotection signals and in addition, voice and data
communication signals. Line trap also is known as Wave trap.
 Trapping the high frequency communication signals sent on the line from the remote
substation and diverting them to the telecom/teleprotection panel in the substation
control room (through coupling capacitor and LMU).
 This is relevant in Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) systems for communication
among various substations without dependence on the telecom company network. The
signals are primarily teleprotection signals and in addition, voice and data
communication signals.
 The Line trap offers high impedance to the high frequency communication signals thus
obstructs the flow of these signals in to the substation bus bars. If there were not to be
there, then signal loss is more and communication will be ineffective/probably
impossible.

CB (Circuit Breaker)
 A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to
detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue
electrical flow. A circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to
resume normal operation
 In Khedamara air blast circuit breaker , oil circuit breaker are used
 The circuit breaker must detect a fault condition; in low-voltage circuit breakers this is
usually done within the breaker enclosure. Circuit breakers for large currents or high
voltages are usually arranged with pilot devices to sense a fault current and to operate
the trip opening mechanism
 Once a fault is detected, contacts within the circuit breaker must open to interrupt the
circuit; some mechanically-stored energy (using something such as springs or
compressed air) contained within the breaker is used to separate the contacts, although
some of the energy required may be obtained from the fault current itself.
Isolator
 A disconnector or isolator switch is used to make sure that an electrical circuit can be
completely de-energized for service or maintenance.
 High-voltage isolation switches are used in electrical substations to allow isolation of
apparatus such as circuit breakers and transformers, and transmission lines, for
maintenance.
 The major difference between an isolator and a circuit breaker is that an isolator is an
off-load device intended to be opened only after current has been interrupted by some
other control device. Safety regulations of the utility prevents any attempt to open the
disconnector while it supplies a circuit
 The isolation switch is not intended for normal control of the circuit and is only used for
isolation.

CT (Current Transformer)
 A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of electric currents. Current
transformers, together with voltage transformers (VT) (potential transformers (PT)), are
known as instrument transformers.
 When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a
current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current
in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording
instruments.
 A current transformer also isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very
high voltage in the monitored circuit. Current transformers are commonly used in
metering and protective relays.

PT (Potential Transformer)
 Potential transformers are instrument transformers. They have a large number of
secondary turns and a fewer number of primary turns. They are used to in Potential
transformers are instrument transformers.
 They are used to increase the range of voltmeters in electrical substations creating the
range of voltmeters in electrical substations.
 Potential Transformer is designed for monitoring single-phase and three-phase power
line voltages in power metering application.
POWER TRANSFORMER
 Single phase auto transformers are used at Khedamara, It is of 105 MVA rating (total of
3 units producing 315 MVA). the transformers used here are having three windings and
a neutral
- First the primary winding
-Second secondary winding
-Third is tertiary winding.
The primary winding of 400kv is supply to it.
The secondary winding of 220kv is for supply to load.
The tertiary winding of 33kv is used for the station requirements.

REACTOR
 There is one reactor in Khedamara.
 Their function is to :-
a) Reduce the Harmonics from supply.
b) To limit the receiving end voltage and maintain a constant supply.

EARTHING
 The whole base of the substation has electric grid laid in the ground for earthing
purposes.
 Also trench earthing is provided at the substation.

FEEDER
 Khedamara has 8 nos. of 440 v feeders and 6 nos. of 220 v feeders.
One & Half arrangement
 In Khedamara the two bus lines of 400 KV &220 KV.
 These two are connected with each other via a circuit breaker at both end of which CT
(current Transformer) is connected.
 Thus when fault occurs in any of the lines the circuit breaker trips and that section is
protected.
 This arrangement is known as 1& half circuit breaker arrangement.
CONCLUSION
The visit to Khedamara substation has been useful. We enjoyed the visit and we found out many
things new while our visit and the work done there. In the end we learned about the Ideal and practical
variation in working of the equipments. This visit was great-full for our knowledge.