CHILLED WATER

PIPING DESIGN
7. Chilled Water Piping Design
REFRIGERATION AND
HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS
I. WATER CHILLER SIZING
II. CHILLED WATER PIPE SIZING
III. CHILLED WATER PUMP SIZING
IV. TYPICAL PIPING CONNECTION
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7. Chilled Water Piping Design
I. WATER CHILLER SIZING/SELECTION
A. SIZING PARAMETERS
1. COOLING LOADS - MBH (TONS)
a) Summary of loads from different AHU/FCU
to be served.
i.e. Selected not as calculated.
2. TOTAL WATER FLOW REQUIRED - (GPM)
a) Summary of water flow required by all
selected AHU/FCU.
3. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE - (oF)
a) Design Ambient + 2oF
4. MAXIMUM WATER TEMPERATURE RISE (oF)
a) 8oF to 10oF t
5. LEAVING WATER TEMPERATURE (oF)
a) 44oF to 48oF
6. POWER SUPPLY
a) V-PH-HZ
B. BRAND
1. Select brand with wide after-sales support.
2. Select unit with refrigerant that has no threat
of future phaseout.
7. Chilled Water Piping Design
II. CHILLED WATER PIPE SIZING
A. PIPING MATERIALS
1. CARBON STEEL (CEMENT LINED)
2. CPVC/PVC SCHEDULE 80
3. RTR PIPE/FRP
B. RECOMMENDED WATER VELOCITY
1. THE MOST COMMON AND RECOMMENDED WATER
VELOCITY INSIDE THE PIPE IS 4 TO 8 FPS.
USE CHART:
EXAMPLE:
CAPACITY = 240 GPM
PIPE DIA. = 4" STEEL PIPE
SCH. 40.
VELOCITY = 6.05 FPS
2
V /2g = 0.569
hf = 3.21 FT/100 FT
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7. Chilled Water Piping Design
III. CHILLED WATER PUMP SIZING
FORMULA :
PUMP HP = (WATER FLOWRATE) x (TDH) x S.G.
3960 x (PUMP EFFICIENCY)
WHERE :
1. Water Flowrate = GPM
2. Total Dynamic Head (TDH) = FEET
3. 3960 = 33,000 ft-lb x Gallons
min-HP 8.33 lb
4. Pump Efficiency = %
5. Specific Gravity (S.G.) = 1.0
A. WATER FLOW RATE
1. Refer to I (water chiller sizing/selection)
B. TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH)
1. Static elevation from pump centerline to the
highest point of pipeworks.
FOR CLOSED LOOP = 0
2. Chiller cooler bundle water pressure drop.
WPDC = FT
3. AHU/FCU coil water pressure drop.
Select only one with highest WPD
WPDA/F = FT
7. Chilled Water Piping Design
CONDENSER SYSTEMS (CONT.)
B. WATER COOLED : Water is allowed to indirectly contact the refrigerant
gas and collect the heat developed in compressing
the gas where it starts to condense and returns back
to liquid form.
Condensing water could be either from :
a) Cooling Tower (Treated make-up)
b) River or Sea Water (One pass)
c) Well Water (One pass); not recommendable
Chilled water and condensing water flow calculations for
GPM = HT x 24
T x Sp. Heat of H2O
where:
GPM = Gallons per minute
24 = 12000 btu x 1hr x gal
hr-TR 60 min. 8.33 lbs.
o
T = Difference in entering and leaving temperature in F
(Normally = 10 oF)
Sp. Heat of H2O = 1 btu
o
lbs- F
HTR = Total heat load in tons of refrigeration
*NOTE:
a) HTR for condenser - from manufacturer
b) HTR for cooler - from building heat load calculations
TR x 12000 btu x 1hr x gal
= hr-TR 60 min. 8.33 lbs.
o
F x 1 btu
o
lbs.- F
= GPM
NOTE: No Cooling Tower can ever cool water below the wet bulb
temperature of incoming air.
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7. Chilled Water Piping Design
III. CHILLED WATER PUMP SIZING (cont.)
4. Pipes and fitting losses
a) Straight Pipe
i.e. Total straight pipe length each dia. x hf (ft/100 ft) = FT
b) Fittings
90o Elbows
o
45 Elbows
Tee
Reducer/Enlarger
Gate Valve
Balancing Valve/Double Regulating Valve
Check Valve
Strainer
3-Way Control Valve
Fitting Loss: h = k V2
2g
FITTING DIA QTY V2 EQUIVALENT LENGTH
K
(INCH) (EA) 2g (FT)
O
PE

O
GTY

O
IN

O
T

O
FIT

O
O
x TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = FT
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 END
OF
PRESENTATION
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