SIEMENS 400/220/33kV CHHABRA SS

120 MW Generator- Main Protection 7UM62

SETTING CALCULATION

Generator Maimum Rated output SN,G 135.75 MVA

Generator Terminal Voltage UN,G 11 KV

Generator Rated Capacity atRated Hydrogen Pressure 106.8 MW

Generator Rated Current IN.G 7125 Amps

Power Factor cos 0.8

CT Ratio 10000/1 Amps

Voltage Transformer UN -primary (11000/3) Volts

UN- Secondary 110/3 Volts

SEPUP TRANSFORMER

CAPACITY SN,T 102/136/170 MVA

VOLTAGE RATING 11/132 kV

IMPEDANCE 16.5% +10%

VECTOR GROUP YNd1

NEUTRAL EARTHING TRANSFORMER

U 11kV/200V, 80KA

RESISTOR 0.4Ohms,350A/5

Resistor divider 5:1

Neutral CT 300/1
1 INVERSE - TIME OVERCURRENT PROTECTION - Voltage
Restraint 51-2 (51V)

Generator RatedApparent Power SN,Gen 135.75 MVA

Rated Generator voltage UN, Gen 11 kV

Direct Axis Transientreactance Xd' 21.44 %
Transientsynchronous generated voltage Up'= 1.2UN, Gen 13.2 kV
Rated apparenr power ofstepup Transformer 136 MVA

Rated Voltageon the generator side 11 kV

Short Circuit Voltage of Transformer 16.5% +10%

Calculated fault Current = (1/0.125) * 827 16.5% +10%

Short Circuit Current

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Calculations:-
ISC3pol 28020 A
RATED FULL LOAD CURRENT IN,G 7125 A
CurrentTransformer Ratio 10000/1 A
Generator peak current = 1.3* ING 9262.5 A
Setting to be adopted for Ip = peak current/ CTR 0.92625 A
1 A
The pick up threshold of the over current stage depends on the voltage level . A lower voltage reduces thecurrent pickup
value.
The short circuit time constant of the generator is 1.19 sec
THE Generator must trip beforethat time 1 sec
As per the IEC characterstic
0.14
1.0= ---------------- * TL
(2.8) 0.02-1

1
TL= ----------- = 0.15
6.67
Current setting adopted 1A
Time Multiplier setting adopted 0.15
The pick up threshold depends n the voltage level and the voltage level forpick up is75V(70% of VT Sec.)

2 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE(UNBALANCED LOAD) PROTECTION(46G)

The permissible permanent inverse current refering to the normal machine current
givenbymanufacture IsT 7.5%
IN Mach 7125 A
IsT 7.5% permanent
Current Transformer- primary 10000 A
Setting value I2perm 5.34375 5.35%
Asymmaetry factor K= I t 10
The factor K is derived from the unbalanced load characterstic by reading the time corresponding to K
at I = 1
tperm 10 sec
Kprimary 10 sec
Kprimary is converted to the secondary side Ksec 5.08
Cold -down time - Time required to cool down under admissible unbalanced current
tcooldown 1778 sec.
Definite Time Characterstic
Asymmetrical faults cause high neagative phase sequence currents, a definite time stage is detecting
the asymmetrical short circuit current .
A two phase fault will produce a negativesequence current of
I2 = (1/ 3)*I 0.58 In

3 DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 87G

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Differential Current Idiff = I1 + I2

Thestabilizing or restraint current = I1 + I2
I - DIFF> the sensitive threshold of the differential protection variesproportionally with the restrained values but.
the current proportional errors due to transformation/ CT errors deviates the requirements due tosaturation.
For high currents a stabilisationhas to be given.with add on stabilization for correct tripping on fault.
Idiff 0.20In
An increaseof pickup value on startup provides additional security against overfunctioning when a nonenergised
protection object is switched on. The pickup value I-DIFFis now increased bya settable factor
I-REST.START up isset at 1 as the prtection object is generator

4 UNDER EXCITATION (LOSS OF FIELD) PROTECTION (40 G) With U/Vblock

UN - Machine 11 kV
IN - Machine 7125 A
Xd machine 1.831
CT Primary IN CT prim 10000 A
VoltageTransformer UN VTprim 11 kV
!/Xdsec = (1/Xd)(INMach/UNMach)(UN VTprim/INCTprim)
0.39
1/Xd with safety factor of 1.05 0.41
The angleof under excitation limiting the voltage regulator is the inclination angle of the machine stability.
The angle will be between 60 and 80 degree
Angle 60 deg.
The minimum excitation value for low active power is selectedto 0.9 times the of1/Xd is taken
1/Xdfor low active power 0.37
Angle 60 deg
For machine dynamic stability the value must be between the synchronous reactance and the transient reactance
i.e.,between 0.2144 and 1.81 = 1.10
The angle of excitation limit 90 deg
If the static limitis exceeded the voltage regulator must increase the excitation with a signal with delay
Delay for signal 10 sec
( to give a time for response to raise)
If the excitation voltage is not improving or missing the rotor criterian must picks up for which the excitation voltage
request is to be enabled
Theexcitation voltage monitoring is to be set atleast at the level of 50% of the noload excitation voltage
Excitation voltage 369.5 V
Minimum Excitation Voltage 13.1 V
Umin Under Voltage blocking pickup 40 V
5 REVERSE POWER PROTECTION (32R)
The level of the activepower input is from the friction loss to be overcome on loss of prime mover input
For Steam turbines Prevers/SN 1% to 3%
Setting = Psec/Snsec = (Pmach/SNMach)*(UNMach/Unprim)*(INMach/INPrim)
0.56
Pickup seal-in time is to be set to be min
Delay time-no emergencytrippjng is used, a delay timeis to be given to take care of the short reverse
power stateafter synchronization and subsequent to system fault.
Delay time to open the valve 10 sec

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Underemergency tripping, a short time delay is to be given to ensure the reverse power only and also
to give time for active power swing in case of sudden valve closing
Time delay forclose the valve 2 sec
6 IMPEDANCE PROTECTION (21)
The maximum Load current 7125 A
The pick up valueof current(1.2 to 1.5 times) 8550 A
Pickup secondary Current 0.86 A
As the excitation isarrivedfrom the generator UVSeal-in is switched on
Under Voltage set at 75 %
Under voltageseal-in time 1.5 sec
Transformer Impedance 0.15 Ohms
Secondary reactance 1.5 Ohms
Zone 1 secondary(70% of Tr.Z) 1.05 Ohms
Zone2secondary(100% ofTr Z) 1.5 Ohms
Z1B Over reach (120%) 1.8 Ohms
Zone1Time 0 sec
Zone2 time 1 sec
T - end 1.3 sec
POWER SWING- the rate of changeof impedance is the measurement
To arrive the valuefor setting, the minimum operating Z, the difference to the setting of the impedance
Z1and the gradient of impedance in a time
Z1 0.103
Z1 secondary 1.03 Ohms
ZL,min 0.7293059438
ZL,min secondary 7.29 Ohms
dZ/dt = (Zlmin-Z1) /t 313 Ohms/sec
The rateof timet is taken as 20ms
dZ/dt is setat 300 Ohms/sec
The estimation oftimeistaken from the proximity of rate ofchange in 180deg.
dZ/dt(180deg.) 20 Ohms/sec
Zcharacterstic = Z1 = 1.03 Ohms
T= 2* Zcharacteristic/ dZ/dt(180deg)
0.103 sec

7 OUT - OF - STEP PROTECTION (78)

Generator Maimum Rated output SN,G 135.75 MVA
Generator Terminal Voltage UN,G 11 KV
Generator Rated Capacity atRated Hydrogen Pressure 106.8 MW
Generator Rated Current IN.G 7125 Amps
Power Factor cos 0.8
UnitTransformer Capacity 136 MVA
Unit Transformer HV rating 132 kV
Unit Transformer LV rating 11 KV
HVRated current 595 Amps
LV Rated Current 7138 Amps
PT Ratioon Generator side 11000/110 V

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CT Ratio 10000/1 Amps

Measurement is enabled only on the current exceeding the threshold value
I1> = 120% of nominal current 0.855 A
As out-of-step conditions are symmetricaloccurances the pickup threshold of the negative seqcomponent
will be about 20%ofthe nominal currnt
I2> 0.143 A
The impedance values are to be perceived for the setting,the powerswing reactance
of the machine,which is the transient reactance of the machine is the reverse impedance
Zb = Xd' Zc - Forward towardsthe unit transf.
The characterstic is dividedinto two portion1. lower section of the characterstic
the machins and2. the upper section the electrical center of the swing.
Power swings are threephase symmetricaloccurances.
Xd' = Zb 1.91
Xsc ofUnit transformer 1.47
The polygon width Za is the maximum detectable power swingfrequency.
Za 0.289 Ztot
Max. Power swing frequency fp = (4/)*(1/T)*(Za/Ztot)
T= 20ms for 50Hz
fp 18
10
Zc=80% Xsc 1.176
Assuming theadditionalline section Impedance Zd 8
Zc-Zd 6.824
Ztotal = Zb+Zc 3.086 Ohms
Za 0.289 *Ztot 0.892 Ohms
Number of Power swings 4
Holding time 20 sec

8 UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (27)

First stage under Voltage setting 75% UN
The time of actuation is selected according to stability requirements
3 sec
Second stage under voltage setting 65% UN
Time of actuation mustsmall 0.5 sec

9 OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (59)

Measuring quantities by Uphase-phase
The speed of operation on over voltage protection depends on the AVR response
U>=110% to 115% 121 V
The time of actuation 1.5 sec
Short time voltage raise 130% 143 V
The time of response 0.5 sec

10 FREQUENCY PROTECTION 81O, 811G, 81 2G

The relay is set with four sets of stages in each stagethefunction is esabilished as
either low frequency or high frequency.

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Stage.1 Disconnection from the network 48.00Hz with time delay upto 1.00sec
Stage 2 Sutdown at 47.00Hz with time delay upto 6.00sec
Stage 3 Warning at 49..50Hz with time delay of upto 20.00sec
Stage 4 Alarm or tripping at 52.00 Hz with time delay upto 10.00sec
Minimum voltage at which the function to be blocked is to be set
71.5 V

11 95%- 100% STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (64G)

G719EA-XG986-WC901-ASHT10 and G719EA-XG986-WR901-A SHT9
For 100% Stator Earth fault the current from the CTatNGT cubicleis used
For 95%Stator Earth fault the voltage across the NGT with Lad resistor at the NGTcubicle isused.

To achieve 95-100% protection a non line frequency, the 3rdharmonicis used for detection
The displacement voltage detected by Neutral transformer
Due to earth fault in the star point a reduction in 3rd harmonc compared with the non fault condition
the protective function is impimented as an under voltagestage
EARTHING TRANSFORMER 80 KVA
11kv/200V
NGR 0.4 Ohms
350 A
Voltage divder 1
CTR 300A/1A
With full neutral displacement voltage the NGR supplies
(200/3)/0.4 288.68 A
Referedto the 11kV side, this results in
IEE prim 5.27 A
The secondary current of the CT connected before the NGR
0.96 A
For a protected zone of 95% the protection must operate at 5% of thedisplacement voltage of 200/3
10 V
The earth fault current generated 5% of the full earth current
0.05
50 mA
Themagnitudeof theearth fault current is determined by the loading resistor a small angle0fdeviation may result
Theangle of deviation 15 deg.
The time delayforearth fault actuation 0.5 sec
For the 100% coverage the sensitive earth fault protection is considered
The sensitive earth faultprotection will use the same currentmeasuring input at the NGT
Theearth current isincreasedwith theloadresistor of 0.4Ohms.
With 100% Earthand with full displacement the current at the secondary of theCT calculated
0.96 A
Taking the sensitivity action the fault on the terminal of thegenerator will produce very lowcurrent
The pick up is set at I> 10 mA
Lower than the above 95% setting
A High set value is also selected for sensitivity

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I>> 25 mA
I > Pickup 0 mA
As per the drawing G719EA-XG986-WR901-A SHT26 and as per SLD there is a O/C relay 7SJ80 is used for this
protection as 51GN for E/F
The Same CT isshown for 100% StatorE/Fwith 7UM622
The Calculation is done for the 7UM 622 using the CT. CHECK

12 ROTOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (64R)

The protection uses an external system frequency auxiliary voltageof 36 to 45V from theVT andthis voltage is
symmetrically coupled to the excitation circuit
RotorEarth resistance is monitored in two stages
Warning Stage 10 k Ohms
Lowset value for tripping 2 k Ohms
COUPLING REATANCE and the series resistance enable the calculation of earth resistance
Coupling Reactance 398 Ohms
Series resistance 50 Ohms

13 BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION (50BF)

CURRENT MEASUREMENT Side1

Criteria - the internal message is put on OFF
Pickup Theshold I> 0.2 A
The timedelayis selected based on breakerdisconnection time and the dropout time ofprotectiverelay
CB Operating time+ Reset I> BF+ Safety margin 200msec.

14 DEAD MACHINE(INADVERTENT ENERGISATION (61B)

The protection is for limiting the demage caused by the accidental energisation of the stationary or
not synchronized generator.
The Current setting adoptedmust be more sensitive than the threshold value of the O/C setting
Current setting 1.2 A
Higher than the overcurrent setting
The Voltage setting must be adopted for nominal conditions
The undervoltage settingis 60% 66 V
The time ofoperation isselectedmore than that of the O/C time setting
1.2 sec.

15 VOLTAGE BALANCE PROTECTION 60-1G & 60 - 2G AREVA MVAPM32 RELAY

1. DETECTS VOLTAGECIRCUIT FAILURES

2. USED TO SWITCHTO AN ALTERNATIVE SUPPLY

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