Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
anarchy (c.1)
literally, without rule; the absence of a central government or higher
authority, sometimes, but not necessarily, associated with instability and
chaos realism
autarky (c.2)
economic self-sufficiency, often associated with expansionism and
conquest to ensure the control of economic resources and reduce
economic dependency on other states
appeasement (c.2)
a foreign policy strategy of making concessions to an aggressor in the
hope of modifying its political objectives and, specifically, avoiding war
autocracy (c.2)
literally rule by a single person: the concentration of political power in
the hands of a single ruler, typically a monarch (but also e.g. Nazi
Germany)
Al-Qaeda (c.2)
Islam-oriented international terrorist network
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biopolarity (c.2)
refers to an international system which revolves around two poles
brinkmanship (c.2)
a strategy of escalating confrontation even to the point of risking war
(going to the brink) aimed at persuading an opponent to back down
cosmopolitanism (c.1)
means a belief in a cosmopolis or world state; the belief that the world
constitutes a single moral community
chauvinism (c.2)
an uncritical and unreasoned dedication to a cause or group, typically
based on a belief in its superiority, as in national chauvinism
capitalist encirclement (c.2)
the theory, developed during the Russian Civil War (1918-21), that
capitalist states were actively engaged in attempts to subvert the SU in
order to bring down communism
diplomacy (c.1)
a process of negotiation and communication between states that seeks to
resolve conflict without recourse to war; an instrument of foreign policy
dtente (c.2)
(French) literally loosening: the relaxation of tension between previously
antagonistic states, often used to denote a phase in the Cold War
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empire (c.2)
a structure of domination in which diverse cultures, ethnic groups or
nationalities are subject to a single source of authority
feudalism (c.2)
a system of agrarian-based production that is characterised by fixed
social hierarchies and a rigid pattern of obligations
globalisation (c.1)
the emergence of a complex web of interconnectedness that means that
our lives are increasingly shaped by events that occur, and decisions that
are made, at a great distance from us
globality (c.1)
a totally interconnected whole, such as the global economy; the end-state
of globalisation
globalism (c.1)
an ideological project committed to the spread of globalisation, usually
reflecting support for the values and theories of free-market capitalism
globalony (c.1)
the myths of globalisation
glasnost (c.2)
(Russian) literally openness: used in the SU to refer to freedom of
expression within the context of a one-party communist state
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hyperglobalism (c.1)
the view that new, globalised economic and cultural patterns became
inevitable once technology such as computerised financial trading,
satellite communications, mobile phones and the Internet became widely
available
hegemon (c.1)
a leading or paramount power
hegemony (c.2)
the leadership or domination of one element of a system over others,
used by Gramsci to refer to the ideological leadership of the bourgeoisie
over subordinate classes implies that international / global leadership
operates through ideational or ideological means
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inter-national (c.1)
the relationship between different countries
interdependence (c.1)
refers to a relationship between two parties in which each is affected by
decisions that are taken by the other
internationalism (c.1)
the theory or practice of politics based on cooperation or harmony among
nations, as opposed to the transcendence of national politics
imperialism (c.2)
a policy of extending a countrys influence and power through
colonisation, military force, or other means
modernisation (c.2)
the process through which societies become modern or developed,
usually implying economic advancement, technological development and
the rational organisation of political and social life
multipolarity (c.2)
refers to an international system in which there are three or more power
centres
nation-states (c.1)
an autonomous political community bound together by the overlapping
bonds of citizenship and nationality, meaning that political and cultural
identity coincide
nationalism (c.2)
patriotism marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries
neoconservatism (c.2)
approach to foreign policy-making that sought to enable the USA to take
advantage of its unprecedented position of power and influence in a
unipolar world spread of democracy
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positivism (c.1)
the theory that social and indeed all forms of enquiry should conform to
the methods of natural sciences
poles (c.2)
major power blocs
perestroika (c.2)
(Russian) literally restructuring: used in the SU to refer to the
introduction of market reforms to a command or planned economy
Renaissance (c.2)
(French) literally meaning rebirth: a cultural movement inspired by
revived interest in classical Greece and Rome that saw major
developments in learning and the arts
reparations (c.2)
compensation, usually involving financial payments or the physical
requisition of goods, imposed by victors on vanquished powers either as
punishment or as a reward
state (c.1)
a political association that enjoys sovereign jurisdiction within defined
territorial borders
state-centrism (c.1)
an approach to political analysis that takes the state to be the key actor in
the domestic realm and on the world stage
state-system (c.1)
a pattern of relationships between and amongst states that establishes a
measure of order and predictability
sovereignty (c.1)
the principle of supreme and unquestionable authority, reflected in the
claim by the state to be the sole author of laws within its territory
security (c.1)
to be safe from harm, the absence of threats; security may be understood
in national, international, global or human terms
self-help (c.1)
a reliance on internal or inner resources, often seen as the principal
reason states prioritise survival and security
superpower (c.2)
predominant actor on the world stage
transnationalism (c.1)
political, social, economic, or other forms that transcend or cut across
national borders
westernisation (c.2)
the modelling of non-Western societies on the economic, political, and
cultural structures of Western societies