Experiment 1

Problem 1: DC analysis of D1N4001

Schematic

I-V characteristics plot

For getting the I-V characteristics graph of the diode we need to change the axis variable of x
axis from V1 to [ V(1)-V(2) ] . This was done by double clicking on the x axis and clicking Axis
Variable button and giving input V (1)-V (2) as axis variable. The plot after that is as follows ---
Reverse saturation current and breakdown voltage
For getting reverse saturation current and breakdown voltage , the dc sweep was changed . The
new range applied was -100v to 10v .

The lower graph shows original plot. The graph was zoomed multiple times to get the upper plot.

From the graph reverse saturation current is -14.156 nA and breakdown voltage is -74.813 V

Piecewise linear model

Schematic
From schematic Id =9.312mA Rd = ((10-9.312)/9.312m) = 73.883

Zoomed version of I-V plot

From the points in the plot using equation VTD = V1-I1* (V1-V2) / (I1-I2)
We get VTD = 640.076 mV
Repeating steps with a zenor diode
Schematic

I-V characteristics plot

Reverse saturation current and breakdown voltage

From the graph reverse saturation current is -75.501 A and breakdown voltage is -4.7053 V
Problem 2: Clipper Circuit :
Schematic

Plots
Varying V2 From -1 to 4V

V2=-1

V2=0

V2=1
V2=2

V2=3

V2=4

As the value of v2 raised, the upper peak of clipped signal rises.

If V2 is set to -5 , a straight signal is ecpected . This is because the upper clipping position
becomes -5 and lower position of clip is -3.7 v. So the total signal is clipped at -3.7 V . And a
straight line is expected.

How clipper works:

Problem 3: Clamper Circuit :
Schematic

Plot
Varying V2 From -4 to 4V

V2=-4

V2=-2

V2=0
V2=2

V2=4

Plot for R1 = 250, C1 = 1F and V2 = 0V

For Square Wave
Plot

Here in case of Square wave the signal is siply clamped from the beginning of signal . Unlike Sine when
the initial signal is not smoothly clamped.
Changing the value of V2 simply represents the lower limit of the clamp. Increasing this value makes the
signal clamped higher.

Changing the polarity of Diode

Plot
Changing polarity of the diode makes the signal clamped in opposite direction.
The value of V2 determines the clamping position of the upper end of the signal.

How clamper works:

Diode Bridge Rectifier and Regulated Power Supply :
Schematic

Waveform
With capacitor
Schematic

For C= 22F

The plot for V and Vdc is plotted above.

For C=47F

For C=100F
Zenor diode regulator

Output signal
Explanation :