ARMENIONs GROUP

ISOTHERMAL PROCESS

1. 490 kJ of heat is rejected in an isothermic compression of 0.3 m3 of air with a pressure of p1 = 106 Pa and
temperature t = 300 C. Calculate the final volume and pressure!
2. Air at a temperature of 127 C is compressed isothermically to a quarter of the initial volume and then
adiabatically expands to its original pressure. Calculate the temperature of the air after the adiabatic
expansion!
3. 1 kg of oxygen at a pressure p1 = 4.9.105 Pa and temperature t1 = 127 C expands isobarically to double its
initial volume, then is compressed isothermically to p 2 = 39.2.105 Pa. Calculate the change in entropy of
the oxygen!
4. What is true of Isothermal Process
a, T >0
b, U=0
c Q=W
d PV=constants
PROVE YOUR ANSWER ALGEBRAICALLY
5. A normal breath has a volume of about 1 L. The pressure exerted by the lungs to draw air in is about 758
torr. Assuming that the outside air pressure is 760 torr, calculate the change in entropy of a breath of air
when it is inhaled into the lungs. Assume that the air remains at a temperature of 25C and that it
behaves ideally.

SOLUTIONS :

1. V1 = 0.3 m3; p1 = 106 Pa; t = 300 C; Q12 = -490 kJ; V2 = ? ; p2= ?

From isothermic work

we get

The pressure ratio

The final pressure

The final volume (from the isothermic equation p 1V1 =

p2V2)
 2. t 1,2 = 127 C; v2 = v1/4 ; p3 = p1 ; t3 = ?

In an isothermic process from 1 to 2: p1/ p2 = v2/ v1

In an adiabatic process from 2 -3: tj.

The temperature

t3 = T3 - 273 = 269 - 273 = - 4 C

3. p1 = 4.9.105 Pa ; t 1 = 127 C; v2 = 2 v1 ; p3 = p2 = 39,2.105 Pa; s = ?

The change in entropy of an isobaric process
s12 = c p1n (T2/T1) = cp1n (v2/v1) = cp 1n (2.v1/v1) = 0,917.1031n 2 = 0,917.103.0,6931 = 0,6353.
103 J/(kg.K)
The change in entropy of an isothermic process
s(23) = q2,3/ T2,3 , kde T2,3 = T1.( v2/v1) = 400 (2.v1/v1) = 800 K

The total change in entropys(13) = s(12) + s(23) = (0.6353 - 0.52 ).103 = 0.1153.103 J/(kg.K)

4. In an Isothermal Process Temperature remains constant T =0 Since Internal energy depends on the
temperature U=0 From first law of Thermodynamics U=Q-W Since U=0 Q=W Also PV=nRT As T is
constant PV= constant
5.