54 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS

Capacitance of single conductor: It is r

required to calculate the capacitance of this conductor
to ground. As discussed above, the earth can be
replaced by a fictitious conductor as shown in Fig. h

3.9. This means the single conductor with the earth

is equivalent to a single-phase transmission line. The
capacitance for a single-phase transmission line from
equation (3.22) is given as
h
0
C= (3.40)
ln (2h / r)
r
The capacitance C of the conductor with
reference to ground Fig. 3.9 One conductor line
and its image.
2 0
C= F/metre (3.41)
ln (2h / r)

3.7.1 Effect of Earth on the Capacitance of Single-phase Transmission Line

Conductors a and b constitute the transmission line and the conductors a and b their
corresponding images (Fig. 3.10).
Assuming that the conductors a and b are running physically parallel to earth and are
at the same heights above the ground, then Daa = Dbb and Dab = Dba.
We calculate the potential of conductor a with respect to point P which is very far away
from the system, due to the charges, viz., charge on the conductor a and its image and conductor
b and its image.

a b

Daa

a' b

Fig. 3.10 Single-phase line and its image.

D D D D
Va = ln a ln a ln b + ln b
2 0 r 2 0 Daa 2 0 Dab 2 0 Dab
D D
= ln ab aa (3.42)
2 0 r Dab