COMPUTER DOCUMENTS

CHAPTER : 2

SOFTWARE CONCEPTS
SOFTWARES represents the set of programs that governs the operations of a computer system
and makes the hardware run . Softwares can be calssified into two main types , they are as
mentioned :
a. System Software b. Application Software

SYSTEM SOFTWARE
A SOFTWARE that controls the internal computer operations is called the system softwares .
In other ways we can also say as system softwares are the most essential part of a computer
. The System Software can further be classified into to two different categories . They are as
mentioned :

SYSTEM
SOFTWARE

OPERATING LANGUAGE
SYSTEM PROCESSOR

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OPERATING SOFTWARE
Hardware is nothing but just a finally designed machine . A machine is ultimately a machine
only , which is always made only for work . In case of computers , it is either us if we do that
or some other which does it for us . This some other is nothing but the operating software .
Operating Software is a program which acts as an interface between a user and the hardware .
Operating system is just like the secretary .
An Operating System is an important component of a computer system which controls all other
components of the computer system . Majore components of a computer system are :
a. The Hardware
b. The Operating system
c. The application programs routines
d. The Humanware i.e the users .

TYPES OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM

There are different types of operating system available , which require different types of
hardwares to run upon . The operating systems are of mainly following types :
1. SINGLE PROGRAM OPERATING SYSTEM : As the name suggests , this OS is single user
operating system , so only one user program can be supported and executed by it at any
point of time .
2. MULTIPROGRM OPERATING SYSTEM : Unlike single program OS , this is a multi user OS . It
supports multiprogramming i.e more then one user can be supported by it , therefore
more then one user programs are loaded and active in the main store at the same
time .
3. TIME SHARING OPERATING SYSTEM : This OS uses the time sharing techniques . Each
active user program is given a fare share of CPU time .

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4. REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM : In real time OS , the jobs have fixed deadlines and the
jobs have to be completed within their deadlines . The system performance is measured
by its a ility to complete its jobs within the specified deadline .
5. MULTIPROCESSING OPERATING SYSTEM : The multiprocessing operating system is capable
of handling more then one processors as the jobs have to be executed on then one
processor . The multiprocessing OS should be capable of load sharing in case of
identical processors , so that the system efficiency improves .

LANGUAGE PROCESSORS
As programmers prefer to write their programs in one of the high level languages because
it is much easier to code in such languages . However the computer does not understand any
language other then its own machine language therefore , it becomes necessary to process a HLL
Program so as to make it understandable to the computer . The system Programs which
performs this very job are language processors . The language processors are given below :
1. Assembler
2. Interpreter
3. Compiler

APPLICATION SOFTWARE
This type of software pertains to one specific applications . For instance the
software that can perform the railway reservation functions can not prepare result for
a school . All the application software differs from each other as these softwares are
made as per the requirement of the users and every users have its own
requirement .

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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM { DBMS }

A Database Management System is a package that can handle and manage bulk of
stored data .

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