Huawei 3

T
VRP Basis and Operation
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

The Versatile Routing Platform (VRP) is
a versatile operating system platform,
developed for all data communication
products of Huawei. With the IP service
as its core, the VRP adopts the
componentized architecture. The VRP
realizes rich functions and provides
tailorability and scalability based on
applications.
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Upon completion of this course, you will
be able to:
Know VRP Architecture
Master VRP configuration basis
Master upgrade router software and
backup configuration file

Chapter 1 VRP Overview
Chapter 2 Building Configuration

Environment
Chapter 3 VRP Configuration Basis
Chapter 4 System Manager

VRP Background
VRP: Versatile Routing Platform
network operation system

platform to support lots of products
Provide TCP/IP routing service

VRP 5.x
VRP 3.x NE series router
AR series router, NE
VRP 1.x series router and all
forepart version series switch

VRP Architecture

Environment

Building Configuration Environment
Setup via Console
Setup via Telnet
Setup via AUX

Console Configuration (1)
Router
PC
R232 serial Console cable Console

interface

Console Configuration (2)

Telnet Configuration (1)
PC Switch Router
Normal normal
line line Destination
router
Local configuration environment
Internet
Router Router
PC
Long-distance configuration environment
Destination
router

Telnet Configuration (2)
[Quidway]interface Ethernet 0/0
[Quidway-Ethernet0/0]ip address 1.1.1.4 255.0.0.0
[Quidway]User-interface vty 0 4
[Quidway-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode password [Quidway-ui-
vty0-4]set authentication password simple [Quidway-ui-vty0-
Huawei
4]user privilege level 3
PC normal line normal line

Switch Router
Destination
router

AUX Configuration
[Quidway] User-interface aux 0
[Quidway-ui-aux0] authentication-mode password
[Quidway-ui-aux0] set authentication password simple Huawei
[Quidway-ui-aux0] user privilege level 3
[Quidway-ui-aux0] modem both
PSTN
COM
Modem Modem Router
PC
AUX

Environment

Command View
[Quidway]user-interface vty 0 User interface view
[Quidway]interface serial 0 Interface view
[Quidway]acl 2000 ACL view

User view system System-view
<Quidway> [Quidway]
[Quidway]vlan 5 VLAN view
Routing protocol view

[Quidway]ospf Route policy view
[Quidway]aaa Security view

Command Level
manage Manage command
config Service configuration
System maintenance,
monitor
service trouble diagnosis
visit Network diagnosis command

Enter and Quit System View
Operation Command
Enter the system view from the user view system-view
Return to the user view from the system view quit
Return to the user view from any other view return
<Quidway>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Quidway]
[Quidway]interface Serial 0/0/0
[Quidway-Serial0/0/0]quit
[Quidway]quit
<Quidway>

Command Line Online Help
Command line interface provides the following online help:
Completeness help
Portion help <Quidway> ?
<Quidway> display ?
completeness help
[Quidway] interface ethernet ?
Command line online help
<Quidway> d?
portion help
<Quidway> display h?

Language Mode
Operation Command
Turn to english mode (default) language-mode english
Turn to chinese mode language-mode chinese
<Quidway>language-mode ?
chinese Chinese environment
english English environment
<Quidway>language-mode chinese
Change language mode, confirm? [Y/N]y
Info:Turn to chinese mode
<Quidway>

History Command Query
Command/Key Function
Display the history commands that

display history-command
the user has entered
Up-arrow key or <Ctrl+P> Display the earlier history command
Down-arrow key or <Ctrl+N> Display the next history command

Configuring Router Name
Operation Command
Configure the Router Name sysname
<Quidway>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Quidway]
#change the router name as Router1
[Quidway]sysname Router1 [Router1]

Configuring The System Clock
Operation Command
Set UTC standard time clock datetime
Set time zone clock timezone
Import summer-time scheme clock summer-time
<Quidway>clock datetime 10:19:30 2006/12/12

<Quidway>
<Quidway>display clock
10:19:36 UTC Tue 2006/12/12
<Quidway>

Status Information Query
Operation Command
Display system version display version
Display terminal user display users

Display running configuration of
display this
the current view
Display technology support
information display diagnostic-information

File Operation
Operation Command
Display file content more
Copy file copy
Move file move
Rename file rename
Delete file delete
delete file in recycle-bin downright reset recycle-bin
Resume deleted file undelete

Directory Operation
Operation Command
Display the current directory pwd
Change current directory cd
Display the file list in the

dir
current directory
Create directory mkdir
Remove directory rmdir

Storage Device Operation
Operation Command
Format storage device format
Fix storage device whose

fixdisk
file system is exceptional

Configuration File Management
Operation Command
Display the saved configuration display saved-configuration
Display the current configuration display current-configuration
Save current configuration save
Reset configuration file reset saved-configuration
Compare configuration file compare configuration

Software Upgrade and File Backup
FTPFile Transfer Protocol, based on TCP
VRP can be FTP Server, FTP Client
TFTPTrivial File Transfer Protocol, based on UDP
VRP can be TFTP Client
XMODEM one File Transfer Protocol, transmit via serial
VRP support receiving program function of XMODEM

Router Gets VRP File as FTP Client
FTP Client FTP Server
PC Console Cable Router A 172.16.104.110
<Router> ftp 172.16.104.110

Trying 172.16.104.110 ...
Connected to 172.16.104.110.
User(172.16.104.110:(none)):quidway
331 Give me your password, please
Password:
230 Logged in successfully
[ftp] get vrp.cc
150 "D:\system\vrp.cc" file ready to send (5805100 bytes) in IMAGE / Binary mode
226 Transfer finished successfully.
FTP: 5805100 byte(s) received in 19.898 second(s) 291.74Kbyte(s)/sec.

Router Gets VRP File as FTP Sever
FTP Server FTP Client
.1 .2
PC Console Cable Router A
172.16.104.0
[Quidway]ftp server enable

[Quidway]aaa
[Quidway-aaa] local-user quidway service-type ftp
[Quidway-aaa] local-user quidway password simple huawei
[Quidway-aaa] local-user quidway ftp-directory flash:/ftp/quidway

Router Gets VRP File from TFTP Server
TFTP Client TFTP Server
Console Cable
PC Router A 10.111.16.160
<Quidway> tftp 10.111.16.160 get vrp.cc cfcard:/vrp.cc

Environment

SNMP Principle
Based on UDP transport protocol, used 161 and 162 port.
SNMP definesthat how does management information transmitted
between NMS and Agent
iMangerN2000
Router A
Agent NMS
10.111.16.1
Get/Set UDP 161 10.111.16.160
Trap UDP 162

SNMP Basic Configuration
iMangerN2000
Router A
Agent NMS
10.111.16.1
10.111.16.160
[Quidway]snmp-agent
[Quidway]snmp-agent sys-info version v3
[Quidway]snmp-agent community read public
[Quidway]snmp-agent community write private
[Quidway]snmp-agent trap enable
[Quidway]snmp-agent target-host udp-domain 10.111.16.160 udp-port
5000 params securityname public

Summary
How to configure router via Console?

What do command level and view
VRP include?
How to create a Telnet user?

What protocol can be used to
upgrade VRP file?

Routing Protocol Basis
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved

Route technology is the key point that
internet is running continuously.
Route is a very interesting and complex
task, and eternal topic.

Upon completion of this course, you will be
able to :
Know the concept of route

Know the classification of routing
protocol
Understand the routing process of data
packet in the network
Understand the structure of routing table

Whats The Route?
A route is the path information to guide IP packets to be
transferred.
Destination
network N
E0/1
S0/0 RTC
E0/0
RTB
RTA
Other networks

IP Routing Process
E1 E0 E0 E1 E0 E1
10.3.1.0 10.1.2.0/24 10.2.1.0/24 10.4.1.0
.1 .2 .1 .2
RTA RTB RTC
destination Next hop interface destination Next hop interface destination Next hop interface
10.1.2.0 10.1.2.1 E0 10.1.2.0 10.1.2.2 E0 10.1.2.0 10.2.2.2 E0
10.2.1.0 10.1.2.2 E0 10.2.1.0 10.1.2.1 E0 10.2.1.1 10.2.1.2 E0
10.3.1.0 10.3.1.1 E1 10.3.1.0 10.1.2.1 E0 10.3.1.0 10.2.1.1 E0
10.4.1.0 10.1.2.2 E0 10.4.1.0 10.2.1.2 E1 10.4.1.0 10.4.1.1 E1

The Key Function of Router
Check the destination of the data packet
Confirm the information resource
Discover possible route
Select best route
Validate and maintain route information

Routing Table Establishment
10.1.1.0
E0/0 192.168.2.0
E1/0
protocol destination interface
DIRECT 10.1.1.0 E0/0
OSPF 192.168.2.0 E1/0

RoutesDiscovered by Data Link Layer
10.1.1.0/30
RTB RTA
.1 .2
.1
10.1.2.0/24
[RTB]display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 8 Routes : 8
.2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/30 Direct 0 0 10.1.1.1 Serial0/0/0
RTC 10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

10.1.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
10.1.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.2.2 Serial0/0/1

RoutesStatic Route
RTA RTB
10.1.1.0/30
.1 .2
Configure static route towards 2.2.2.2/32
destination network 2.2.2.2/32
[RTA] display ip routing-table
2.2.2.2/32 Static 60 0 10.1.2.2 Ethernet0
10.1.1.0/30 Direct 0 0 10.1.1.1 Serial0
10.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 10.1.1.2 Serial0

RoutesDiscovered by Dynamic Routing
Protocol
172.16.1.1/32
RTC
10.1.2.0/24 [RTB]display ip routing-
.2
OSPF table Routing Tables: Public
RTA RIP .1 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/8 10.1.1.0/30 Direct 0 0 Serial0/0/0
.2 .1 Direct 10.1.1.2 Serial0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32
192.168.2.1/24 RTB
0 0 10.1.1.1
172.16.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.2.2 Serial0/0/1
192.168.1.0/24 RIP 100 1 10.1.1.1 Serial0/0/0

Static and Dynamic Route
Static route Dynamic route
The route configured The route that router gets

from other routers via
manually by network
routing protocol
administrator
When network topological
When network topological is changed, routers will
is changed, administrator update route information
need to update static route automatically

Routing Protocol
Routing protocol is like language that used to exchange information between
routers, routers shares network status and network reachable information via
routing protocol.
The communication peers must run same protocols that used to exchange
routing information.
Routing protocol define a set of rules about communication between the routers
Routing protocol maintains routing table and provide the best forwarding path.

Routing Protocols ClassificationWorking
Area
IGPsRIP OSPF ISIS

EGPsBGP
AS100 AS200

Routing Protocols ClassificationProtocol
Algorithm
According to protocol algorithm
Distance-Vector routing protocol
It includes RIP and BGP. Thereinto, BGP is also called

Path-Vector routing protocol.
Link-State routing protocol
It is also called the shortest path first routing protocol,

includes OSPF and IS-IS.

Routing Protocols ClassificationService
Application
According to service application, routing protocol can be divide
into the following types:
Unicast Routing Protocol: includes RIPOSPFBGP and IS-
IS and so on.
Multicast Routing Protocol : includes DVMRPPIM-SMPIM-
DM and so on.

Routing Table
[Quidway] display ip routing-table

Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask proto pref Metric Nexthop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 120.0.0.2 Serial0/0
8.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 3 120.0.0.2 Serial0/1
9.0.0.0/8 OSPF 10 50 20.0.0.2 Ethernet0/0
9.1.0.0/16 RIP 100 4 120.0.0.2 Serial0/0
11.0.0.0/8 Static 60 0 120.0.0.2 Serial0/1
20.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 20.0.0.1 Ethernet0/2
20.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

Preference of Routing Protocol
If there are multiple routes, the route with higher preference (the
smaller value, the higher preference) will be used to guide IP packet
to be transferred.
RIP OSPF
10.0.0.0 R0 10.0.0.0 R1
10.0.0.0 R1
Routing table

Preference of Routing Protocol
The default route preference on VRP platform is shown in the

following table
Routing protocol Preference
DIRECT 0
OSPF 10
IS-IS 15
STATIC 60
RIP 100
OSPF ASE 150
IBGP 255
EBGP 255
Untrustworthy 255

Route Metric
There are two routes from router A to D :
Path1 ABCD the total route metric is 9
Path2 AEFCD the total route metric is 12

The router first selects the smaller metric route, and take it into the
routing table.
B C D
5 2
A 2
1
6
F
3
E

Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP)
Equal Cost Multi-Path
There are several routes towards the same destination with same route
metric, if the route preference is same, these routes are all added into the
routing table, IP packet will be transferred over these link by turns.
Two equal cost multi-path from A to D:

ABCDtotal metric 5+5+8=18
ACD total metric 10+8=18
B
5 5
A C D
8
10

[RTB] display ip routing-table
3.3.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 3.3.3.2 Serial2
3.3.3.1/32 Direct 0 0 3.3.3.1 Serial2
10.1.1.1/32 Static 60 0 1.1.1.1 Serial0
Static 60 0 2.2.2.1 Serial1
Static 60 0 3.3.3.1 Serial2

realizes load-balance

The Longest Match
Lookup routing table
Destination makes
logical AND operation
with mask
Compare the destination match Select the longest

address in the routing table matched route

The Example of Longest Match
The data packet of destination 9.1.2.1 will match the route 9.1.0.0/16
[Quidway] display ip routing-table

Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask proto pref Metric Nexthop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 120.0.0.2 Serial0/0
8.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 3 120.0.0.2 Serial0/1
9.0.0.0/8 OSPF 10 50 20.0.0.2 Ethernet0/0
9.1.0.0/16 RIP 100 4 120.0.0.2 Serial0/0
11.0.0.0/8 Static 60 0 120.0.0.2 Serial0/1
20.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 20.0.0.1 Ethernet0/2
20.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0

Routing Loop
Routing LOOP: the data packet is transferred between the
two or more routers circularly until TTL decrease to 0, then it
will be discarded.
RTB
TTL-2
TTL-2
RTA Network N
TTL-1
Packet towards RTC RTD
network N

Summary
How many types of routing protocol?

Whats the characteristic of each?
Whats the classification of dynamic
routing protocol?
What factor does routing table include?

Whats equal cost multi-path?

Thank You
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Huawei 3

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T

VRP Basis and Operation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 2

Know VRP Architecture

Master VRP configuration basis

Master upgrade router software and

backup configuration file

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 3

Chapter 2 Building Configuration

Chapter 4 System Manager

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VRP: Versatile Routing Platform

network operation system

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Chapter 2 Building Configuration

Chapter 3 VRP Configuration Basis

Chapter 4 System Manager

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Setup via Console

Setup via Telnet

Setup via AUX

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R232 serial Console cable Console

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PC normal line normal line

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Chapter 2 Building Configuration

Chapter 3 VRP Configuration Basis

Chapter 4 System Manager

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[Quidway]user-interface vty 0 User interface view

[Quidway]interface serial 0 Interface view

[Quidway]acl 2000 ACL view

Routing protocol view

[Quidway]aaa Security view

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manage Manage command

config Service configuration

visit Network diagnosis command

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Enter the system view from the user view system-view

Return to the user view from the system view quit

Return to the user view from any other view return

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Command line interface provides the following online help:

Command line online help

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Turn to english mode (default) language-mode english

Turn to chinese mode language-mode chinese

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Display the history commands that

Up-arrow key or <Ctrl+P> Display the earlier history command

Down-arrow key or <Ctrl+N> Display the next history command

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Configure the Router Name sysname

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Set UTC standard time clock datetime