2017 BAR EXAMINATIONS . REMEDIAL LAW 1. General of Remedial Law 1.1 Concepts of Remedial Law 1.2 Substantive law vis-a-vis-remedial law 1.3 Rule-making power of the Supreme Court 1.3.1 1.3.2 Limitations on the Rule-making power of the Supreme Court Power of the Supreme Court to amend and suspend procedural rules 1.4 Nature of Philippine courts 1.4.1. 1.4.2 1.4.3. 1.4.4. 1.4.5. 1.4.6. 1.4.7. 1.4.8. 1.4.9. Meaning of a court Court as distinguished from a judge Classification of Philippine courts Courts of original appellate jurisdiction Courts of general and special jurisdiction Constitutional and statutory courts Courts of law and equity Principle of judicial hierarchy Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of judicial stability 2. General Principles on Jurisdiction 2.1 Jurisdiction of Courts 244 24.2 2.1.3 214 2.1.5. 2.16. Supreme Court Court of Appeals Sandiganbayan Regional Trial Courts Family Courts Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Court in Cities, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts 2.1.7. Shariah Courts 2.2. Jurisdiction over the parties 2.2.1 2.2.2. How jurisdiction over the plaintiff is acquired How jurisdiction over the defendant is acquired2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 2.3. Jurisdiction over the subject matter 2.3.1. Meaning of jurisdiction over the subject matter 2.3.2. Jurisdiction versus the exercise of jurisdiction 2.3.3. Error of jurisdiction as distinguished from error in judgment 2.3.4. How jurisdiction is conferred and determined 2.3.5. Doctrine of adherence of jurisdiction 2.3.6. Objections to jurisdiction over the subject matter 2.3.7. Effect of estoppel on objections to jurisdiction 2.4. Jurisdiction over the issues 2.5. Jurisdiction over the res or the property in litigation 2.6. Jurisdiction over small claims, cases covered by the rules on Summary Procedure and Barangay Conciliation 2.7. Totality Rule 3. Civil Procedure 3.1. Actions. 3.1.1. Meaning of ordinary civil actions 3.1.2. Meaning of special civil actions 3.1.3. Meaning of criminal actions 3.1.4. Civil Actions versus Special proceedings 3.1.5. Personal actions and real actions 3.1.6. Local and transitory actions 3.1.7. Actions in rem, in personam and quasi in rem 3.1.8. Independent Civil Action 3.2 Cause of Action 3.2.1. Meaning of cause of action 3.2.2. Right of Action versus Cause of Action 3.2.3. Failure to state a cause of actin 3.2.4. Test of the sufficiency of a cause of action 3.2.5. Splitting a single cause of action and its effects 3.2.6. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action 3.3 Parties to Civil Actions 3.3.1. Real Parties in interest; Indispensable parties; Representatives as __ parties; Page 2 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law Necessary parties; Indigent Parties; Alternative defendants 3.3.2. Compulsory and permissive joinder of parties 3.3.3. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties 3.3.4. Class suits 3.3.5. Suits against entities without juridical personality 3.3.6. Effect of death of party litigant 3.3.7. Distinction between Real party in interest and locus standi 3.4. Venue 3.4.1. Venue versus Jurisdiction 3.4.2. Venue of real actions 3.4.3. Venue of personal actions 3.4.4. Venue of actions against non-residents 3.4.5. When the Rules on Venue do nor apply 3.4.6. Effects of Stipulations on Venue 3.5. Rules on Pleadings (include Pleadings allowed in small claims cases and cases covered by the Rules on Summary Procedures) 3.5.1. Kinds of pleadings 3.5.1.1. Complaint 3.5.1.2. Answer 3.5.1.2.1. Negative Defenses 3.5.1.2.2. Negative pregnant 3.5.1.2.3. Affirmative Defenses 3.5.1.3, Counterclaims 3.5.1.3.1. Compulsory counterclaim 3.5.1.3.2. Permissive counterclaim 3.5.1.3.3. Effect on the counterclaim when the complaint is dismissed 3.5.1.4. Cross-claims 3.5.1.5. Third (fourth, etc.) party complaints 3.5.1.6. Complaint-in-Intervention 3.5.1.7. Reply Page 3 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.5.2. Pleadings allowed in small claim cases and cases covered by the rules on summary procedure 3.5.3. Parts of a pleading 3.5.3.1. Caption 3.5.3.2. Signature and address 3.5.3.3, Verification and certification against forum-shopping 3.5.3.3.1. Requirements of a corporation executing the verification/certification of non-forum shopping 3.5.3.4, Effect of the signature of counsel in a pleading 3.5.4. Allegations in a pleading 3.5.4.1. Manner of making allegations 3.5.4.1.1. Condition precedent 3.5.4.1.2. Fraud, mistake, malice, intent, knowledge, and other condition of the mind, judgments, official documents or acts 3.5.4.2. Pleading an actionable document 3.5.4.3. Specific Denials 3.5.4.3.1. Effect of failure to make specific denials 3.5.4.3.2. When a specific denial requires an oath 3.5.5. Effect of Failure to Plead 3.5.5.1. Failure to plead defenses and objects 3.5.5.2. Failure to pleas a compulsory counterclaim and cross-claim 3.5.6. Default 3.5.6.1 When a declaration of default is proper 3.5.6.2. Effect of an order of default Page 4 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.5.6.3. Relief from an order of default 3.5.6.4. Effect of partial default 3.5.6.5. Extent of relief 3.5.6.6 Actions where default are not allowed 3.6 Filing and Service of Pleadings, Judgments, Final Orders and Resolutions 3.6.1. Payment of docket fees 3.6.2. Filing versus service of pleadings 3.6.3. Periods of filing of pleadings 3.6.4.Manner of filing 3.6.5.Modes of service 3.6.5.1 Personal Service 3.6.5.2, Service by mail 3.6.5.3, Substituted service 3.6.5.4. Service of judgments, finals orders or resolutions 3.6.5.5, Priorities in modes of service and filing 3.6.5.6. When service is deemed complete 3.6.5.7. Proof of filing and service 3.7 Amendment 3.7.1.Amendment as a matter of right 3.7.2.Amendments by leave of court 3.7.3. Formal amendment 3.7.4. Amendments to conform to or authorize presentation of evidence 3.7.5. Different from supplemental pleadings 3.7.6. Effect of amended pleading 3.8 Summons 3.8.1 Nature and purpose of summons in relation to actions in personam, in rem and quasi in rem 3.8.2. Voluntary appearance 3.8.3. Personal Service 3.8.4. Substituted service 3.8.5. Constructive Service (by publication) 3.8.5.1. Service upon a defendant where his identity is unknown or where his whereabouts are unknown Page § of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.8.5.2. Service upon residents temporarily outside the Philippines 3.8.6. Extra-territorial service, when allowed 3.8.7.Service upon prisoners and minors 3.8.8. Proof of Service 3.9 Motions (General Principles, Motion for Bill of Particulars, Motion to Dismiss) 3.9.1.Motions in General 3.9.1.1. 3.9.1.2. 3.9.1.3. 3.9.1.4. 3.9.1.5. 3.9.1.6. 3.9.1.7. Definition of a motion Motions versus pleadings Contents and form of motions Notice of hearing and hearing of motions Omnibus motion rule Litigated and ex parte motions Pro-Forma motions 3.9.2. Motions for Bill of Particulars 3.9.2.1 3.9.2.2, 3.9.2.3, 3.9.2.4, Purpose and when applied for Actions of the court Compliance with the order and effect of non- compliance Effect on the period to file a responsive pleading 3.9.3.Motion to Dismiss 3.9.3.1. 3.9.3.2. 3.9.3.3, 3.9.3.4, 3.9.3.5, 3.9.3.6. 3.9.3.7. 3.9.3.8, Grounds Resolution of Motion Remedies of plaintiff when the complaint is dismissed Remedies of the defendant when the motion is denied Effect of dismissal of complaint on certain grounds When grounds pleaded as affirmative defenses é Bar by dismissal Distinguished from demurrer to evidence under Rule 33 3.10 Dismissal of actions Page 6 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.10.1. 3.10.2. 3.10.3. 3.10.4. 3.11 Pre-Trial 3.11.1. 3.11.2, 3.11.3. 3.11.4. 3.11.5. 3.11.6. Dismissal upon notice by the plaintiff, Two- dismissal rule Dismissal upon motion by plaintiff; effect on existing counterclaim Dismissal due to the fault of plaintiff Dismissal of counterclaim, cross-claim or third party Concept of pre-trial Nature and purpose Notice of pre-trial Appearance of parties; effect of failure to appear Pre-trial brief, effect of failure to appear Distinction between pre-trial in civil case and pre- trial in criminal case 3.12 Intervention 3.12.1 Redquisites for intervention 3.12.2. Time to Intervene 3.12.3. Remedy for the denial of motion to intervene 3.13 Subpoena 3.13.1 Suboena duces fecum 3.13.2. Subpoena ad testificandum 3.13.3, Service of subpoena 3.13.4. Compelling attendance of witnesses; Contempt 3.13.5. Quashing of subpoena 3.14 Modes of Discovery 3.14.1 Deposition pending action; Deposition before action or pending appeal . 3.14.1.1. Meaning of deposition 3.14.1.2. Uses; Scope of examination 3.14.1.3. When may objections to admissibility be made 3.14.1.4._ When may taking of deposition be 3.14.2. terminated or its scope limited Written interrogatories to adverse parties 3.14.2.1. Consequences of refusal to answer Page 7 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.14.2.2. Effect of failure to serve written interrogatories 3.14.3. Request for Admission 3.14.3.1. _ Implied admission by adverse party 3.14.3.2. Consequences of failure to answer request for admission 3.14.3.3. Effect of admission 3.14.3.4. Effect of failure to file and serve request for admission 3.14.4, Production or inspection of documents or things 3.14.5. Physical and mental examination of persons 3.14.6. Consequences of refusal to comply with modes of discovery 3.15 Trial 3.15.1. Adjournments and postponements 3.15.2. Requisites of motion to postpone trial 3.15.2.1. For absence of evidence 3.15.2.2. For illness of party or counsel 3.15.3. Agreed statement of facts 3.15.4. Order of trial; reversal of order 3.15.5. Consolidation or Severance of hearing or trial 3.15.6. Delegation of reception of evidence 3.15.7. Trial by Commissioners : 3.15.7.1. Reference by consent or ordered on motion 3.15.7.2. Powers of the commissioner 3.15.7.3. Commissioner's report; notice to parties and hearing on the report 3.16 Demurrer to Evidence 3.16.1. Ground 3.16.2. Effect of denial 3.16.3. Effect of Grant 3.16.4. Waiver of right to present evidence 3.16.5. Demurrer to evidence in a civil case versus demurrer to evidence in a criminal case 3.17 Judgments and Final orders 3.17.1. Judgment without trial Page 8 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.17.2. Contents of a judgment 3.17.21. Memorandum Decisions 3.17.3 Judgment on the pleadings 3.17.4. Summary Judgments 3.17.4.1. For the claimant 3.17.4.2. For the defendant 3.17.4.3. When the case not fully adjudicated 3.17.4.4. Affidavits and attachments 3.17.5. Judgment on the pleadings versus summary judgments 3.17.6. Rendition of judgments and final orders 3.17.7. Entry of judgment and final order 3.18 Post-judgment remedies 3.18.1. Motion for new trial or reconsideration 3.18.1.1 Grounds 3.18.1.2. When to File 3.18.1.3. Denial of the motion; effect 3.18. Grant of the motion; effect 3.18. Remedy when motion is denied, Fresh 15- day period rule : 3.18.2. Appeals 3.18.2.1. Judgments and final orders subject to appeal 3.18.2.2. Matters not appealable 3.18.2.3. Remedy against judgments and orders which are not appealable 3.18.2.3.1. Final Judgment Rule; Exceptions 3.18.2.4. Modes of appeal 3.18.2.4.1. Ordinary appeal 3.18.2.4.2. Petition for review 3.18.2.4.3. Petition for review on certiorari . 3.18.2.5. Issues to be raised on appeal 3.18.2.6. Period of appeal 3.18.2.7. Perfection of appeal 3.18.2.8. Participation of the Solicitor General during appeal 3.18.2.9. Appeal from judgments or final orders Page 9 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law of the MTC 3.18.2.10. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the RTC 3.18.2.11. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the CA 3.18.2.12. Review of final judgments or final orders of the COA 3.18.2.13. Review of final judgments or final orders of the COMELEC 3.18.2.14. Review of final judgments or final orders of the CSC 3.18.2.15. Review of final judgment or final orders of the Ombudsman 3.18.2.16. Review of final judgments or final orders of quasi-judicial agencies 3.18.2.17. Dismissal, Reinstatement, and Withdrawal of Appeal 3.18.2.18. Dual Function of Appellate Courts 3.18.2.19. The “Harmless Error Rule” in Appellate Decisions 3.18.3 Relief from judgments or final orders and resolutions 3.18.3.1. Grounds for availing the remedy 3.18.3.2. Time to file action 3.18.3.3. Contents of petition 3.18.4. Annulments of Judgments or final orders and resolutions 3.18.4.1. Grounds for annulment 3.18.4.2. Period to file action 3.18.4.3. Effects of judgment of annulment 3.18.5. Collateral attack of judgments. 3.19. Execution, satisfaction and effect of judgments 3.19.1 Difference between finality of judgment for purposes of appeal; for purposes of execution 3.19.2. When execution shall issue 3.19.2.1. Execution as a matter of right 3.19.2.2. Discretionary execution 3.19.3. How a judgment is executed Page 10 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.19.3.1. 3.19.3.2. 3.19.3.3. 3.19.3.4. 3.19.3.5. 3.19.3.6. Execution by motion or by independent action Issuance and contents of a writ of execution Execution of judgments for money Execution of judgments for specific acts Execution of special judgments Effect of levy on third persons 3.19.4, Properties exempt form execution 3.19.5. Proceedings where property is claimed by third persons 3.19.5.1 In relation to third party claim in attachment and replevin 3.19.6, Rules in Redemption 3.19.7, Examination of Judgment Obligor when Judgment is unsatisfied 3.19.8. Examination of Obligor of Judgment Obligor 3.19.9, Effect of Judgment or Final Orders 3.19.10. Enforcement and Effect of Foreign Judgments or Final Orders 3.20 Provisional Remedies 3.20.1 Preliminary Attachment 3.20.1.1. 3.20.1. 3.20.1.3. 3.20.1.4. 3.20.1.5. 3.20.1.6. 3.20.1.7. Grounds for issuance of writ of attachment Requisites i Issuance and contents of order of attachment; affidavit and bond Rule on prior or contemporaneous service of summons Manner of attaching real and personal property; when property attached is claimed by third persons Discharge and the counter-bond Satisfaction of judgment out of property attached 3.20.2 Preliminary Injunction 3.20.2.1 3.20.2.2. Definitions and Differences: Preliminary Injunction and Temporary Restraining Order Requisites Page 11 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.20.2.3. Kinds of Injunction 3.20.2.4. When writ may be issued 3.20.2.5. Grounds for issuance of preliminary injunction 3.20.2.6. Grounds for objection to, or for the dissolution of injunction or restraining order 3.20.2.7. Duration of TRO ‘ 3.20.2.8. In relation to RA 8975, Ban on issuance of TRO or Writ of Injunction in cases involving government infrastructure projects 3.20.2.9. Rule on prior or contemporaneous service of summons in relation to attachment 3.20.3 Receivership 3.20.3.1. Cases when receiver may be appointed 3.20.3.2. Requisites 3.20.3.3. Requirements before issuance of an Order 3.20.3.4. General powers of a receiver 3.20.3.5. Two (2) kinds of bonds 3.20.3.6. Termination of receivership 3.20.4 Replevin 3.20.4.1. When may writ be issued 3.20.4.2. Requisites 3.20.4.3. Affidavit and Bond; Redelivery Bond 3.20.4.4. Sheriffs duty in the implementation of the writ; when property is claimed by third party 3.20.5, Nature of provisional remedies 3.20.6. Jurisdiction over provisional remedies 3.21. Special civil actions 3.21.1 Interpleader 3.21.11. Requisites for interpleader 3.21.1.2. When to file 3.21.2 Declaratory reliefs and similar remedies 3.21.2.1. Who may file the action 3.21.2.2. Requisites of action for declaratory relief 3.21.2.3. When court may refuse to make judicial Page 12 of 262017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law declaration 4. Conversion to ordinary action .5. Proceedings considered as similar remedies 3.21.2.5.1. Reformation of an instrument 3.21.2.5.2. Consolidation of ownership 3.21.2.5.3. Quieting of title to real property 3.21. 3.21. 3.21.3 Review of judgments and final orders or resolutions of the Comelec and COA. 3.21.3.1. Application of Rule 65 under Rule 64 3.21.3.2. Distinction in the application of Rule 65 to judgments of the COMELEC and COA and the application of Rule 65 to other tribunals, persons and officers 3.21.4 Certiorari, prohibition and mandamus 3.21.4.1. Definitions and distinctions 3.21.4.1.1. Certiorari distinguished from appeal by certiorari 3.21.4.1.2. Prohibition and mandamus distinguished from injunction 3.21.4.2. Requisites 3.21.4.3. When petition for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus is proper 3.21.4.4. Injunctive Relief 3.21.45. Exceptions to filing of motion for reconsideration before filing petition 3.21.4.6. Reliefs petitioner is entitled to 3.21.4.7. Actions/Omissions of MTC/RTC in election cases 3.21.4.8. When and where to file petition 3.21.49. Effects of filing of an unmeritorious petition 3.21.5 Quo warranto 3.21.5.1. Distinguished form Quo warranto in the Omnibus Election Code 3.21.5.2. | When government commence an action against individuals 3.21.5.3. | When individual may commence an action Page 13 of 26