Design Task1 ( check with sreekumar on details of tent structure)

I was assigned to design the steel structure to cover 3000sft of space above the terrace. I have
done a functional planning based on the requirement of space given. Primary design was done
considering 4 grids, each grid is 10.8m c/c based on the existing grid structure. Considering the
various load such as dead load, live load and wind load on the structure, I have used IS code to
arrive at a primary member sizing for beams and columns. Based on this structural modelling
analysis was done using STAAD Pro. I have prepared and analysed the input file and the results
were sent to the steel design engines for the design purpose. With this results member
modifications were done and structural drawings and specifications were prepared using the
STAAD.

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1. Structural analysis - modeling, analysis

o Prepare the input file.

o Analyze the input file.
o Watch the results and verify them.
o Send the analysis result to steel design engines for designing purpose.

2. Design review - member modifications

3. Preparation of structural drawings and specifications
4. Loads for structural analysis and design
1. Dead load
2. Live load
3. Mean return period OR
4. Recurrence interval OR
5. Live loads for various occupencies
6. Reduction in basic design live load
7. Impact Load
8. Wind load

1. Adaptations to site:

If the structure is a building, for instance, the designer must create a plan that has suitable
arrangement for rooms, corridors, stairways, windows, elevators, emergency exits etc and all this
plan should be adapted to site so that it is feasible, accepted aesthetically and at a reasonable
cost. This is called funtional planning.

2. Structural scheme:

structural scheme is dependent on funtional planning. Structural scheme includes the location of
columns in the buildings, it is to be worked out with the funtional plan and sufficent space must
be anticipated between finished ceiling and finished floor for location of columns.

3. Structural analysis:

Once loads are defined and design is laid out, structural analysis must be performed to
determine internal forces that will be produced in various members of the framework.
Assumptions must be made and it should be ensured that structure in reality also behaves as it is
supposed to (and as it was assumed to behave).
4. Proportionality of members:

Members must be proportioned with factor of safety in mind.

5. Factor of safety:

The development of design specifications to provide suitable values of the margin of safety,
reliability and probability of failure must take into consideration the following factors.

1. Variability of the material with respect to strength and other physical properties
2. Uncertainity in the expected loads
3. Precision with which internal forces are calculated
4. Possibility of corrosion
5. Extent of damage, loss of life
6. Operational importance
7. Quality of workmanship

The design safety of structures may be evaluated in either of the two ways:

A. Allowable Stress Design

B. Load and resistance factor design

A. Allowable stress design:

Based on linear elastic behavior of the material.

The stress is in allowable limits.
The full strength of the material is not utilized but we use less value as the limited stress
value.
It is based on linear elastic behavior of the material
The stress on structural members is kept within the allowable limits
Full strength of the material is not utilized but less value is used as the limited stress
value.
The tensile compressive stress is divided by a factor of safety to obtain an allowable or
working stress.

A. i Disadvantages of using ASD - Drawbacks of ASD method

1. In ASD we assume that internal stress in a member is zero before any loads are
applied i.e. no residual stresses exist in the members.
2. This is important in steel relatively. ASD combines dead and live load and treats
them in the same way and does not give reasonable measure of strength. As
strength is more fundamental measure of resistance than allowable stress. Safety
is applied only to stress. Loads are considered to be uniform. To overcome the
above limitations and drawbacks LRFD was evolved.
3. Assumption is that stress in the member is zero before any loads are applied i.e.
No residual stresses exist in the members. This is important in steel relatively,
because during manufacturing of steel when it is cooled, the rate of cooling at the
top is different than at the bottom or middle and so it causes differential cooling,
thus, introducing induced stress internally.
4. Does not give reasonable measure of strength. As strength is more fundamental
measure of resistence than is allowable stress.
5. Safety is applied only to stress level. Loads are considered to be uniform. If not,
only option is the factor of safety