INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY

Microencapsulation
Microencapsulation: It the process for the preparation of small particles or liquid
droplets into a shell or coating system.
Particle Size: 1m to 1mm.

Classification according to morphological characteristics:

1. Mononuclear: Contains the shell around the core.
2. Polynuclear: Many cores enclosed within the shell.
3. Matrix types: The core material is distributed homogeneously into the shell
material.

Reasons for Encapsulation:

1. To protect relative substances from the environment.
2. To convert liquid active components into dry solid system.
3. To separate incompatible components for functional reasons.
4. To musk undesired properties of the active components.
5. To protect the immediate environment of the microcapsules form the active
components.
6. To control release of the active components for delayed release or long-acting
release
Materials for microencapsulation:
1. Core material.
2. Coating materials.

Coating Materials:
1. Water soluble: Gelatin, Starch, Methylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose,
polyvinyl alcohol, Polyacrylic acid.
2. Water insoluble: Ethyl cellulose, Cellulose nitrate, silicones, Polyethylene,
Polyamide, Polymethacrylate.
3. Waxes and lipids: Paraffin, Beeswax, Stearic acid, Stearyl alcohol, Glyceryl
stearates.
4. Enteric resins: Shellac, Cellulose acetate phthalate, Zein.

Core Materials: The core material defined as the specific materials to be coated can | 1
be liquid or solid in nature. Ex- Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Activated charcoal, Liquid
crystals, potassium chloride, Progesterone.

Md. Asif Hasan Niloy

5th Semester 24 BATCH
 Microencapsulation
Course Instructor: MD.SELIM HOSSAIN
Manufacturing techniques of microcapsules:
A. Physical methods
1. Spray drying.
2. Spray chilling.
3. Fluid bed coating.
4. Stationary nozzle coextrusion.
5. Submerged nozzle coextrusion.
6. Multiorific-centrifugal process.
7. Pan coating.
8. Air-suspension Method
9. Centrifugal extrusion.
B. Chemical methods
1. Coacervation phase separation.
2. Solvent evaporation.
3. Solvent extraction.
4. Interfacial polymerization.
5. Simple and complex coacervation.
6. In-situ polymerization.
7. Liposome technology.
8. Nano-encapsulation.
9. Matrix polymerization.

Applications of microcapsules:
1. To musk bitter test of the drug. Like Paracetamol
2. To reduce gastric and other GIT irritations. Like sustained release aspirin.
3. A liquid can be converted to pseudo-solid for easy handling and storage.
Eprazinone
4. Hydroscopic properties of core materials may reduce.
5. To protect the core materials from atmospheric effects.
6. Easy to separate incompatible substances.

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|

Md. Asif Hasan Niloy

5th Semester 24 BATCH
Industrial Pharmacy
 Microencapsulation
Course Instructor: MD.SELIM HOSSAIN
Air Suspension Method: this method is consists of dispersion of solid particulate
core materials in the supporting air suspended particles, spray coating on the air
suspended particles.

Within the coating chamber particles are suspended on upward moving stream.
The design of the chamber and operating system effects a recirculating flow of the
particles through the coating zone portion of the chamber, where a coating
material is spray-applied to the moving particles. During particles pass through the
coating zone the core materials receive an increment from coating materials. This
cycle process is repeated which is depend on the purpose of microencapsulation.
The air stream serves to dry the product while it is being encapsulated.
Coacervation phase separation:

1. Formation of three immisible phase.

2. Deposition of coating
3. Rigidization of coating.
Ethyl cellulose is insoluble in cyclohexane at room temperature. By applying heat
make them soluble. Then the coating material is added to the heated solution and

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dispersed. Again heat is applied and then cool the solution to evaporate the |
solvent. Finally the coating material take place on the core materials.

Md. Asif Hasan Niloy

5th Semester 24 BATCH
Industrial Pharmacy