Code G: Spring Test & Measurement of Bending Stress using Strain Gauge

AM2540:Strength of Materials Laboratory

Name: Karnik (ME16B017) Date:13/08/2017
K.Dinesh venkat(ME16B018)
K.Nithin (ME16B019)

Aim: To find the spring constants of the given sample springs and to compare the estimated spring
constant with those obtained from theoretical calculations.
Values used:
G=80 GPa
g=9.8 m/s2
Spring Sample 1:

S.No Load(kg) Load(N) Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean

(vernier (deflection) (vernier (deflection) deflection
reading) reading)
1. 0..0 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0
2. 0.5 4.9 9.9 0.1 9.9 0.1 0.1
3. 1.0 9.8 9.8 0.2 9.8 0.2 0.2
4. 1.5 14.7 9.65 0.35 9.6 0.4 0.375
5. 2.0 19.6 9.45 0.55 9.4 0.6 0.575
6. 2.5 24.5 9.3 0.7 9.3 0.7 0.7

SPRING 1
30

25

20
Load (N)

15

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Deflection (cm)
 Observation:
The spring was funnel shaped, turns were closely spaced.
The extension was not linear.

Spring Sample2:

S.No Load(kg) Load(N) Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean

(vernier (deflection) (vernier (deflection) deflection
reading) reading)
1. 0.0 0.0 12.9 0.0 12.9 0.0 0.00
2. 0.5 4.9 12.7 0.2 12.6 0.3 0.25
3. 1.0 9.8 12.3 0.6 12.25 0.65 0.625
4. 1.5 14.7 11.95 0.95 11.9 1.0 0.975
5. 2.0 19.6 11.6 1.3 11.55 1.35 1.325
6. 2.5 24.5 11.3 1.6 11.3 1.6 1.60

SPRING 2
30

25

20
Load (N)

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Deflection (cm)

Observation:
The spring was cylindrical in shape, turns were closely spaced.
The extension was linear.
 Sample spring 3:

S.No Load(kg) Load(N) Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean

(vernier (deflection) (vernier (deflection) deflection
reading) reading)
1. 0.0 0.0 41.15 0.0 41.15 0.0 0.0
2. 0.5 4.9 41.7 0.55 41.75 0.6 0.575
3. 1.0 9.8 42.6 1.45 42.65 1.5 1.475
4. 1.5 14.7 43.55 2.4 43.6 2.45 2.425
5. 2.0 19.6 44.5 3.35 44.55 3.4 3.375
6. 2.5 24.5 45.3 4.15 45.3 4.15 4.15
 SPRING 3
30

25

20
Load (N)

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Deflection (cm)

Observation:

The spring was cylindrical in shape. Turns were closely spaced

The extension was linear.

 Spring Mean reading

Sample 1 R 1.323cm
n= r 0.141cm
kl 11.012N/cm
Sample 2 R 1.932cm
n= r 0.14cm
kl 9.685n/cm
Sample 3 R 2.08cm
n= r 0.15cm
kl 4.167N/cm

Inference:
1)The spring constant depends on the material, radius of the spring, radius of the wire, the number of
turns and the shape of the spring.
2) The spring constant is determined experimentally by plotting the graph of load vs deflection and
finding the slope by least square fit.
3) Difference between the experimental and theoretical values of the spring constant are due to the
friction between the spring and the points where it is in contact with the stationary part of the
apparatus eg: scale.
 MEASUREMENT OF BENDING STRESS USING A STRAIN GAUGE

Aim: To measure tensile bending stress at the root of a cantilever beam to tip transverse loading using
a strain gauge.
Observation:

SI Strain Stress
No. Deflection(mm) Display Strain (based Stress (beam
value (experimental) on (experimental) theory) %difference
in 10^6Pa beam
theory)
1. 0.5 54 54 53.8 3.726 3.712 -0.37174
2. 1.0 108 108 107.65 7.452 7.428 -0.32512
3. 1.5 165 165 161.45 11.385 11.140 -2.19882
4. 2.0 222 222 215.26 15.318 14.853 -3.13109
5. 2.5 280 280 269.11 19.320 18.569 -4.04667
6. 3.0 342 342 322.91 23.598 22.281 -5.91186
7. 3.5 404 404 376.76 27.876 25.997 -7.23006
8. 4.0 466 466 430.57 32.154 29.710 -8.22862
9. 4.5 529 529 484.52 36.501 33.425 -9.18022
10. 5.0 592 592 538.23 40.848 37.138 -9.99015

Calculation:

I zz =b (h^3) / 12

From experiment , we have

Lo =25.5cm y=0.25cm

L1 = 23.8cm

B = 2.5cm

h =0.5cm

y = h/2 = 0.25cm

I zz = b(h^3)/12 = 25*5*5*5/12(mm)^4

= 2.6041 * 10^-10 m^4.

 S.No Deflection (mm) P(transverse load (N)) Mb(Nm)
1. 0.5 1.625 -0.386750
2. 1.0 3.251 -0.773738
3. 1.5 4.876 -1.160488
4. 2.0 6.501 -1.547238
5. 2.5 8.127 -1.934226
6. 3.0 9.752 -2.320976
7. 3.5 11.378 -2.707964
8. 4.0 13.003 -3.094714
9. 4.5 14.629 -3.481702
10. 5.0 16.254 -3.868452

Inference:
1)Application of a deflection gives rise to bending stress at the root of the cantilever beam.
2)The bending stress is experimentally determined from the use of a strain gauge and the stress strain
relation
3)Theoretically stress is found out from a known deflection by the use of load deflection relation and
the flexure relation.