Code G: Spring Test & Measurement of Bending Stress using Strain Gauge

AM2540: Strength of Materials Laboratory

Name: Anuj S. Dawane (ME16B138) Date: 26/08/2017

Don P. Anto (ME16B139)

Ramcharan Reddy (ME16B140)

Aim: To find the spring constants of the given sample springs and to compare the estimated spring
constant with those obtained from theoretical calculations.

Useful Data: g= 9.8 m/s.

Spring 1:

Load Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean

Load(kg) (N) (Vernier) (Deflection) (Vernier) (Deflection) Deflection
S.No
1 0 0 11.6 0 11.6 0 0
2 0.5 4.9 11.5 0.1 11.5 0.1 0.1
3 1 9.8 11.4 0.1 11.4 0.1 0.1
4 1.5 14.7 11.3 0.1 11.2 0.2 0.15
5 2 19.6 11.1 0.2 11 0.2 0.2
6 2.5 24.5 10.8 0.3 10.8 0.2 0.25

Observations: 1) Spring was in the shape of frustum. It is closely spaced.

2) Variation of Load with Deflection is not linear.

Dimensions of spring 1: n=32, R=11.5, k=20.8 N/cm, r=1.5mm.

 Extension(mm)
0.3

y = 0.1x + 7E-17
0.25
R = 1

0.2
Axis Title

0.15
Extension(mm)
0.1 Linear (Extension(mm))

0.05

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Axis Title
 Spring 2:

Load Loading Loading Unloadi- Unloading Mean

S.No (kg) Load (N) Vernier Deflection ng Deflection Deflection
(Vernier)
1 0 0 12.2 0 12.2 0 0
2 0.5 4.9 12 0.2 11.9 0.3 0.25
3 1 9.8 11.6 0.6 11.5 0.7 0.65
4 1.5 14.7 11.3 0.9 11.2 1 0.95
5 2 19.6 10.9 1.3 10.8 1.4 1.35
6 2.5 23.5 10.6 1.6 10.6 1.6 1.6

Observations: 1) The spring is cylindrical in shape, with turns spaced apart.

2) The extension is linear.

Dimensions of Spring: R=17.80mm, n=11, k=13.75N/cm, r=1.3mm

Graph for Spring 2:

 Extension
1.8
1.6 y = 0.6629x - 0.0286
R = 0.996
1.4
1.2
1
Axis Title

0.8 Extension
0.6 Linear (Extension)

0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
-0.2
Axis Title

For Spring 3:

S.No Load(kg) Load Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean

(N) (Vernier) (Deflection) (Vernier) (Deflection) Deflection
1 0 0 41.4 0 41.4 0 0
2 0.5 4.9 41.8 0.4 41.7 0.3 0.35
3 1 9.8 42.3 0.9 42.3 0.9 0.9
4 1.5 14.7 43.2 1.8 43.2 1.8 1.8
5 2 19.6 44.1 2.7 44.2 2.8 2.75
6 2.5 23.5 45 3.6 45 3.6 3.6

Observation: 1) The spring was cylindrical in shape, turns were closely spaced.
2) The extension was linear.

Dimensions of Spring 3: n=34, R=14.40mm, r=1.5mm, k=10.10 N/cm

 Y-Values
4
y = 1.4914x - 0.2976
3 R = 0.9762
Axis Title

2
Y-Values
1 Linear (Y-Values)

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
-1
Axis Title

Inference:
1)The spring constant depends on the material, radius of the spring, radius of the wire, the number
of turns and the shape of the spring.
2) The spring constant is determined experimentally by plotting the graph of load vs deflection and
finding the slope by least square fit.
 3) Difference between the experimental and theoretical values of the spring constant are due to the
friction between the spring and the points where it is in contact with the stationary part of the
apparatus.

Aim: To measure tensile bending stress at the root of a cantilever beam to tip transverse loading
using a strain gauge.

Observation: (Stress and Strain values are in N/mm2)

Deflection(mm) Load(P) Mb(N-mm) Stress Strain

(Theoritical) (Theoritical)-10-6
.5 1.601 -397.04 3.9704 56.7
1 3.202 -794.10 7.9410 113.4
1.5 4.805 -1191.14 11.9114 170.1
2 6.407 -1588.19 15.8819 226.8
2.5 8.009 -1985.24 19.8524 283.5
3 9.611 -2382.28 23.8228 340.2
3.5 11.213 -2779.33 27.7933 396.9
4 12.814 -3176.37 31.7637 453.6
4.5 14.416 -3573.42 35.7342 510.3

S.N Deflection Display Strain Stress Stress %

O (mm) Value Strain (Theoretic (Expt.) (Theoretic Difference
(Expt.)- al) 10-6 al)
10-6
1 0.5 53 53 56.7 3.71 3.9704 6.558533

2 1 112 112 113.4 7.42 7.9410 6.560887

3 1.5 168 168 170.1 11.13 11.9114 6.560102

4 2 228 228 226.8 14.84 15.8819 6.560298

5 2.5 288 288 283.5 18.55 19.8524 6.560416

6 3 351 351 340.2 22.26 23.8228 6.560102

7 3.5 414 414 396.9 25.97 27.7933 6.560214

8 4 476 476 453.6 29.68 31.7637 6.560004

9 4.5 538 538 510.3 33.39 35.7342 6.560102

Calculations:
Flexure relation:
Mb / Izz = - xx /y = E/

Deflection=PL03 /3EIzz

Mb=-PL1

b=2.5cm , h=6mm

Izz=bh3/12=4.5*10-10

Y=3mm

L1=24.5cm

L0=25.5cm

Inference:
1)Application of a deflection gives rise to bending stress at the root of the cantilever beam.
2)The bending stress is experimentally determined from the use of a strain gauge and the stress
strain relation
3)Theoretically stress is found out from a known deflection by the use of load deflection relation and
the flexure relation.