An overview of environmental health status in Ethiopia with particular

emphasis to its organization drinking water and sanitation : a literature

survey.
Author:
Kumie A; Ali A
Source:
Ethiopian Journal of Health Development. 2005; 19(2):89-103.
Abstract:
Communicable diseases attributable to poor sanitation, and which principally affect the
underprivileged sections of the population, are still considered as major health problems in
Ethiopia. Despite a relatively long history of environmental health activities in the country, their
service provisions in the field are so far not up to expectations. An extensive literature review
was made in this study in order to examine the status of environmental health with particular
emphasis to drinking water and sanitation with respect to its legal, institutional, human resource
frameworks and service outputs. It was found out that environmental health services in Ethiopia
have a documented history spanning five decades. The creation of the Gondar Public Health
College in 1954 was the springboard for the commencement of training and activating sanitation
services in the country. Environmental sanitation became a component of PHC in the 1970-80's.
While the regulatory function in sanitation was developed in the 1950's, it was dramatically
reoriented in the 1970's. Sanitation regulations and related activities are now readdressed with
the National Health sector Development programme and Health Extension Packages developed
by the MOH. The progresses made so far in environmental health, however, did not show any
significant changes over the last three decades. Currently, the coverage of safe drinking water
and latrines remains very low, at about or less than 30% and 13% for the country, respectively.
The per capita drinking water can not satisfy 50% of the minimum requirement. Access to
latrines as well has similar drawbacks. Out come indicators as measured by diarrhoea prevalence
still remain to be significant. KAP towards sanitation is at the low side. The poor achievements
in environmental health service coverages over the past decades are attributed to various socio-
economic factors and weak implementation practices that are detached from policies. Impacting
on both the internal and external environment is believed to bring changes in the current
sanitation status. (author's)

Year:
2005
Keywords: Literature Review
Low Income Population | Sanitation | Water Quality | Latrines | Communicable Disease
Control | Public Health | Environmental Pollution | Government Programs | Developing
Countries | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic
Factors | Health | Water | Natural Resources | Environment | Health Services | Delivery of Health
Care | Environmental Degradation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number:
298949
Penyakit menular disebabkan sanitasi yang buruk, dan yang pada pokoknya mempengaruhi
bagian yang kurang mampu dari populasi, masih dianggap sebagai masalah kesehatan utama di
Ethiopia. Meskipun sejarah yang relatif panjang kegiatan kesehatan lingkungan di negeri ini,
ketentuan layanan mereka di lapangan sejauh ini tidak sampai dengan harapan. Tinjauan literatur
yang luas dibuat dalam penelitian ini untuk memeriksa status kesehatan lingkungan dengan
penekanan khusus terhadap air minum dan sanitasi sehubungan dengan, kelembagaan, kerangka
hukum sumber daya manusia dan output layanan. Ditemukan bahwa layanan kesehatan
lingkungan di Ethiopia memiliki sejarah didokumentasikan mencakup lima dekade. Penciptaan
Gondar Public Health Tinggi di 1954 adalah batu loncatan untuk dimulainya pelatihan dan
mengaktifkan layanan sanitasi di negeri ini. sanitasi lingkungan menjadi komponen dari
Puskesmas di 1970-1980 ini. Sedangkan fungsi regulasi di sanitasi dikembangkan pada tahun
1950-an, itu secara dramatis reorientasi pada 1970-an. peraturan sanitasi dan kegiatan yang
terkait sekarang readdressed dengan program Pembangunan sektor Kesehatan Nasional dan
Paket Kesehatan Ekstensi dikembangkan oleh Depkes. The kemajuan yang dibuat sejauh ini
dalam kesehatan lingkungan, bagaimanapun, tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan
selama tiga dekade terakhir. Saat ini, cakupan air minum yang aman dan kakus masih sangat
rendah, sekitar atau kurang dari 30% dan 13% untuk negara, masing-masing. Per kapita air
minum tidak bisa memenuhi 50% dari kebutuhan minimum. Akses ke jamban serta memiliki
kelemahan yang sama. Out datang indikator yang diukur dengan prevalensi diare masih tetap
menjadi signifikan. KAP terhadap sanitasi adalah di sisi rendah. Prestasi miskin di coverage
layanan kesehatan lingkungan selama beberapa dekade terakhir dikaitkan dengan berbagai faktor
sosial-ekonomi dan praktek pelaksanaan lemah yang terlepas dari kebijakan. Berdampak pada
kedua lingkungan internal dan eksternal diyakini membawa perubahan status sanitasi saat ini.
(Penulis)