MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS NON - MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS

Hypertensive vascular disease Advancing age

Diabetes Mellitus Female gender @ menopausal
Obesity Genetics & racial attributes
Lifestyle
- Psychosocial stress
- Physical inactivity
- Alcohol consumption
- Increased fat intake
- Increased serum cholesterol level

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Atheroma build-up Plaque formation @ coronary vessels

Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic

plaque

Exposure of the plaques lipid-rich core

to flowing blood

Seepage of blood into plaque, causing

LEGEND:
it to expand
RISK FACTORS
Thrombus formation
DISEASE PROCESS
Occlusion of a coronary artery
MANIFESTED SIGNS

UNMANIFESTED SIGNS
 Coronary blood supply
less than demand

Anaerobic Coronary ischemia

metabolism/glycolysyis

Coronary injury
ANGINA Lactic acid
(CHEST PAIN) production
Coronary infarction Myocardial cell
death
Atypical stomach,
back, or abdominal Elevated ST
Altered segment, Q wave
pain
repolarization of the appears
myocardium

DYSRHYTHMIA Elevated CK-MB,

Myocardial irritability Release of myoglobin, and
lysosomal enzymes troponin T

Decreased cardiac
ELEVATED
contractility
TROPONIN I
Palpitations, orthopnea,
paroxysmal nocturnal Decreased cardiac
dyspnea, hypotension, output
swelling of extremities,
decreased urine output

DIZZINESS, SYNCOPE,
ALTERED MENTATION,
PALLOR, DIAPHORESIS,
SHORTNESS OF BREATH,