REGION 1

De Ocampo, Vicky

Flores, Noridhel M.

Rodriguez, Jolissa

BSAIS 3-1
REGION 1 (ILOCOS REGION) HAS 4
PROVINCES,ILOCOS NORTE PROVINCE,
PHILIPPINES
1. Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, Philippines - Capital city of Ilocos Norte

2. Ilocos Sur Province, Philippines

Candon City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines
Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines - Capital City of Ilocos Sur

3. La Union Province, Philippines

4. Pangasinan Province, Philippines

Alaminos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Dagupan City, Philippines - Located within Pangasinan but is Independent ofthe province
of Pangasinan.
San Carlos City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan, Philippines

HISTORY IN ILOCOS REGION

The region was first inhabited by the aboriginal Negritos, before they were pushed by
successive waves of Austronesian immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast. Tingguians in
the interior, Ilocanos in the north, and Pangasinans in the south settled the region. Before the
[3]
administration of Ferdinand Marcos, Pangasinan was not a part of the region.

The Spanish arrived in the 16th century and established Christian missions and governmental
institutions to control the native population and convert them to Catholicism. Present-
day Vigan in Ilocos Sur province became the diocesan seat of Nueva Segovia. Ilocanos in the
northern parts were less easily swayed, however, and remained an area filled with deep
resentments against Spain. These resentments bubbled to the surface at various points in the
Ilocos provinces' history as insurrections, most notably that of Andres Malong and Palaris of
Pangasinan, Diego Silang and his wife Gabriela Silang in 1764, and the Basi Revolt in the 19th
century. However, it was the Pangasinans in the south who were the last to stand against the
[4]
Spaniards.

In 1901, the region came under American colonial rule, and in 1941, under Japanese
occupation.

During 1945, the combined American and the Philippine Commonwealth troops including with
the Ilocano and Pangasinan guerillas liberated the Ilocos Region from Japanese forces during the
Second World War.

Several modern presidents of the Republic of the Philippines hailed from the Region: Elpidio
Quirino, Ferdinand Marcos, and Fidel V. Ramos.

Before the creation of the Cordillera Administrative Region, Region 1 included the provinces
of Abra, Mountain Province, and Benguet.

ILOCANO LITERATURE
Ilocano literature or Iloko literature pertains to the literary works of writers of Ilocano ancestry
regardless of the language used - be it Ilocano, English, Spanish or other foreign and Philippine
languages. In Ilocano language, the terms "Iloko" and "Ilocano" are different. Generally, "Iloko"
is the language while "Ilocano" refers to the people or the ethnicity of the people who speak
the Iloko language.

Ilocano literature in the Philippines is one of several regional Philippine literatures. It is one of
the most active tributaries to the general Philippine literature, next to Tagalog (Filipino)
and Philippine Literature in English.

Ilocanos are descendants of Austronesian-speaking people from southern China via Taiwan.
Families and clans arrived by viray or bilog, meaning "boat". The term Ilokano originates from i-,
"from", and looc, "cove or bay", thus "people of the bay." Ilokanos also refer to themselves as
Samtoy, a contraction from the Ilokano phrase sao mi ditoy, "our language here".
PRECOLONIAL TIMES TO THE 19TH CENTURE
Pre-copoetry was glonial Iloko literature were composed of folk songs, riddles, proverbs,
lamentations called dung-aw, and epic stories in written or oral form. Ancient Ilokano poets
expressed themselves in folk and war songs as well as the dallot, an improvised, versified and at
times impromptu long poem delivered in a sing-song manner.

During the Spanish regime, Iloko enerally patterned after Spanish models. In fact, the earliest
known written Iloko poems were the romances translated from Spanish by Francisco Lopez,
an Augustinian friar who, in 1621, published his own Iloko translation of the Doctrina
Cristiana by Cardinal Bellarmine, the first book to be printed in Iloko.

A study of Iloko poetry could be found in the Gramatica Ilokana, published in 1895, based on
Lopez's Arte de la Lengua Iloca, earlier published in 1627, but was probably written before
1606.

Some Iloko writers credit Pedro Bucaneg, who collaborated with Lopez in the translation of the
Doctrina into Iloko, for having been the first known Ilokano poet, and as the "Father of Ilokano
Poetry and Literature." Bucaneg, blind since childhood, authored the popular epic known
as Biag ni Lam-ang ("Life of Lam-ang") written in the 17th century. The earliest written form of
the epic poem was given by Fr. Gerardo Blanco to Isabelo de los Reyes, who published it in El
Ilocano from December 1889 to February 1890, with Spanish translation in prose, and also
reprinted it in his El Folklore Filipino, under the title Vida de Lam-ang.

20TH CENTURY LITERATURE

The 20th century was comparatively more intense in literary activity. Some of the literature in
this period are "Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaam-ames a Bales" ("Life of an Old Man, or a
Dreadful Revenge") by Mariano Gaerlan(1909); "Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan" ("Improvement
Despite Obstacles") by Facundo Madriaga (1911); "Mining Wenno Ayat ti Cararua" ("Mining or
Spiritual Love") by Marcelino Pea Crisologo (1914); "Nasam-it ken Narucbos nga Sabong dagiti
Dardarepdep ti Agbaniaga" ("Sweet and Fresh Flower of a Traveller's Dreams") by Marcos E.
Millon(1921); "Sabsabong ken Lulua" ("Flowers and Tears") by R. Respicio (1930); "Apay a
Pinatayda ni Naw Simon?" ("Why Did They Kill Don Simon?") first known detective novel in Iloko
by Leon C. Pichay (1935); "Puso ti Ina" ("A Mother's Heart") by Leon C. Pichay (1936).
When the Bannawag magazine, a sister publication of Liwayway, Bisaya and Hiligaynon, hit the
streets on Nov. 3, 1934, Iloko literature reached a headland. Many Ilokanos started to write
literary pieces.

The early Bannawag short stories showed sustained growth. The short stories written in the
1920s were poor imitations of equally poor American fiction. Early short story writers had
practically no literary background in their attempts.

The growth of the short story was not apparent until Bannawag resumed publication in 1947.
Most of the stories published dealt with themes of war; guerrilla activities, Japanese atrocities,
murder, pillage and death. By the latter part of the decade, writers of different ages emerged,
and from their ranks came stories that were less verbose, tighter,and with more credible
characterization than those written previously.

ILOCOS NORTE
Ilocos Norte (Ilocano: Amianan nga Ilocos, Ilocos Norte, Tagalog: Hilagang Ilocos) is
a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. Its capital is Laoag City and is located
at the northwest corner of Luzn Island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to the east,
and Abra to the southeast, and Ilocos Sur to the southwest. Ilocos Norte faces the West
Philippine Sea to the west and the Luzon Strait to the north.
Ilocos Norte is noted for being the birthplace of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos, who led
an authoritarian rule over the country during the latter half of his incumbency. The Marcoses
enjoy a modicum of popularity in the province. Ilocos Norte is also known as a northern tourist
destination, being the location of Fort Ilocandia, an upper class hotel and beach resort famous
among expatriates, and Pagudpud.
 ILOCOS SUR
Ilocos Sur (Ilocano: Abagatan nga Ilocos; Tagalog: Timog Ilocos) is a province in
the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Vigan City, located on the mouth of the
Mestizo River is the provincial capital. Ilocos Sur is bordered by Ilocos Norte and Abrato the
north, Mountain Province to the east, La Union and Benguet to the south and the South China
Sea to the west.
Ilocos Sur was founded by the Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo in 1572. It was formed
when the north (now Ilocos Norte) split from the south (Ilocos Sur). At that time it included
parts of Abra and the upper half of present-day La Unin. The current boundary of the province
was permanently defined through Act 2683, which was signed in March 1917.
 LA UNION
La Unin, "The Union" in Spanish, was formed in 1850 when the Spanish colonial government of
Governor-General Antonio Maria Blanco merged the three southern towns of Ilocos
Sur province, the nine northern towns of Pangasinan, and the western towns of Benguet to the
east (Eastern Pais del Igorotes in the Cordilleras). Pangasinenses were the majority in the new
province because most towns had been in the province of Pangasinan.
On October 29, 1849, Governor General Claveria issued a promovido to fuse the Pangasinan-
Ilocos-Cordillera areas into La Union. On March 2, 1850, Governor General Antonio Maria
Blanco signed the Superior Decreto of La Union (34th province from Cebu-1565), with Captain
Toribio Ruiz de la Escalera as the first Gobernador Military y Politico. Isabella II of Spain decreed
the province's creation on April 18, 1854. In 1661, Andres Malong (Pangasinan) failed to recover
[3]
La Union from the Spaniards after the Battle of Agoo. In 1896, the people of La Union began a
revolt against the Spaniards, who had called La Union "Una Provincia Modelo" ("A Model
Province"), led by Manuel Tinio Y Bondoc under Emilio Aguinaldo. The Americans collaborated
with the Filipinos to end the Spanish.
Dr. Lucino Almeida became the Presidente Provincial of the American regime, followed by the
[4]
election of La Unions first Civil Governor in 1901, Don Joaquin Joaquino Ortega.
On January 4, 1945, La Union was liberated by the Battle of San Fernando and Bacsil Ridge

GEOGRAPHY
[5]
La Union covers a total area of 1,497.70 square kilometres (578.27 sq mi) occupying the
central-southern section of the Ilocos Region in Luzon. The province is bordered by Ilocos Sur to
the north, Benguet to the east, Pangasinan to the south, and to the west by the South China
Sea.
La Union is 273 kilometres (170 mi) north of Metro Manila and 57 kilometres (35 mi) northwest
[1]
of Baguio City. The land area of the province is 149,770 hectares (370,100 acres).
Like most of the Ilocos Region, the province is squeezed in by the Cordillera mountain range to
the east and the South China Sea to the west. Yet, unlike other portions of Luzon and the
Philippines' two other island groupings, the Visayas and Mindanao, La Union experiences a
rather arid and prolonged dry season with little precipitation to be expected between the
months of November and May
 PANGASINAN
Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Pangasinan); is
a province in the Philippines. Its provincial capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is located on the
western area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf and South China Sea. It has a total
[1]
land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi). According to the 2015 census, it has
[2]
a population of 2,956,726 people. The official number of registered voters in Pangasinan is
[3]
1,651,814.
Pangasinan is the name for the province, the people, and the language spoken in the province.
Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 2 million. The Pangasinan
language, which is official in the province, is also one of the officially recognized regional
languages in the Philippines. In Pangasinan, there were several ethnic groups who enriched the
cultural fabric of the province. Almost all of the people are Pangasinenses and the rest are
descendants of Bolinao and Ilocano, who settled the eastern and western parts of the
[4]
province. Pangasinan is also spoken as a second-language by many of the ethnic minorities in
Pangasinan. The minority ethnic groups are the Bolinaos and the Ilocanos.
The name Pangasinan pronounced as "Pang-ASINan" It means "place of salt" or "place of salt-
making"; it is derived from the prefix pang, meaning "for", the root word asin, meaning "salt,
and suffix an, signifying "location". At present it is pronounced Pa gasinanbased on the
Spanish pronunciation due to their inability to utter or pronounce the nasal sound <nga> / /.
The province is a major producer of salt in the Philippines. Its major products include "bagoong"
("salted-krill") and "alamang" ("shrimp-paste")
Pangasinan was first founded by Austronesian peoples who called themselves Anakbanwa by at
least 2500 BC. A kingdom called Luyag na Caboloan, which expanded to incorporate much of
northwestern Luzon, existed in Pangasinan before the Spanish conquest that began in the 16th
[5]
century. The Kingdom of Luyag na Kaboloan was known as the Wangdom of Pangasinan in
Chinese records. The ancient Pangasinan people were skilled navigators and
the maritime trade network that once flourished in ancient Luzon connected Pangasinan with
other peoples of Southeast Asia, India, China, Japan and the rest of the Pacific. The ancient
kingdom of Luyag na Caboloan was in fact mentioned in Chinese and Indian records as being an
[5]
important kingdom on ancient trade routes.
Popular tourist attractions in Pangasinan include the Hundred Islands National Park in Alaminos
City and the white-sand beaches of Bolinao and Dasol. Dagupan City is known for
its Bangus Festival ("Milkfish Festival"). Pangasinan is also known for its delicious mangoes and
ceramic oven-baked Calasiao puto ("native rice cake"). Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-
political position in the central plain of Luzon, known as the rice granary of the Philippines.
Pangasinan has been described as a gateway to northern Luzon and as the heartland of the
Philippines.
 RIDDLES
1.Ania ti uppat ti sacana dudua ti tugotna?
(What has four feetbut only two foot-prints?)
Answer:Pasagad(Rice-sled)

2.Ania iti pinarsua iti Dios a balin suec a maturog?

(What thingmade by God sleeps with its headdown?)
Answer:Panniqui(Bat)

3.Ania ti pinarsua ni Apo Dios nga ipagnana ti bocotna?

(Whatcreature made by the Lord God walks on itsback?)
Answer:Baloto(Boat)

4.No magnaac iti nasipnget aoan caduac quet no magnaac itinalaoag adda caduac.
(If I walk in the dark I have nocompanion; if I walk in the light I haveone)
Answer:Aninioan(Shadow)

5.Magmagna itugtogotnat balayna.

(Walking and walking andcarrying his own house.)
Answer:Pag-ong(Turtle)

6.Adda pitu a botonisco; maymaysat pinat pategco.

(I have sevenbuttons; I like one best.)
Answer:Domingo(Sunday)

7.Dua ti taquiagna, maysat sacana, adda olo aoan matana.

(Twoarms, one leg and a head, but no eyes.)
Answer:Cruz(Cross)

8.Aniat cala-adan ti bomaro atao?

(What is the worstdisFgurement for a young man?)
Answer:Tiquinasuquer(Disobedience).
 LEGEND OF MANGGO
Once upon a time, there was a little boy named Ben who had a wonderful heart. He is the son
of Maria and Juan. Bens a kind and helpful young lad who was nurtured well by his parents
who have good hearts as well.

One day, Ben saw a very old beggar and he took pity on him. So, Ben decided to invite the old
beggar into their humble home and he cooked food and fed the old beggar until he could not
eat anymore. Ben was not a rich boy but that did not stop him from helping this old beggar by
serving him with the type of food that Bens family could only afford. After a sumptuous meal,
the beggar thanked the young lad and bade him farewell.

On another day, while Ben was looking for fire woods, he passed by an old man who was also
very hungry. Ben took pity on him once more and without a doubt in his mind, he invited the
old man back to their home and gave him food and some clothes that his father does not use
anymore. Bens parents were happy that they have a son who has a heart of gold like
Ben.Unfortunately, the time came that Ben suddenly got very ill. His parents were troubled and
didnt know what to do. But despite that, they persisted to have their son treated but to no
avail, Ben died. His parents mourned over the loss of their only son. The next day, after Bens
death, a beautiful fairy came to Bens wake and talked to his parents. She asked them to give
her Bens heart. They agreed and gave it to her. The fairy then flew away and in a mountain, she
dug and buried Bens dead heart. It then turned into a fruit-bearing tree whose fruits were in
the shape of a heart and whose taste was so sweet. People were amazed upon discovering this
new type of fruit and when they tasted it they were happy as its the sweetest fruit they have
ever tasted. From then till now, people enjoy the benefits of this wonderful fruit.

LANGUAGE
ILOCANO Kinirog ILOCANO mabayag
ENGLISH Roasted ENGLISH long time
ILOCANO kinirog na kanin English: Whats your name?
ENGLISH fried rice Ilocano: Ania ti naganmo?
ILOCANO Bagtit English: Good morning.
ENGLISH crazy Ilocano: Naimbag a bigatmo.
ILOCANO Diskita English: I love you.
ENGLISH distract Ilocano: Ayayaten ka.