Tugas

Programmable Logic Controllers

1. Apa keuntungan dan kerugian PLC?
2. Sebutkan alat apa saja yang termasuk dalam
Input PLC?
3. Sebutkan alat apa saja yang termasuk dalam
Output PLC?
4. Jelaskan prinsip kerja dari dua Simple Relay
Circuit berikut ini!
Struktur / Elemen Makatronika
Programmable Logic Controllers
( Definition according to NEMA standard ICS3-1978)
A digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a programming memory for the internal
storage of instructions for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing,
counting and arithmetic to control through digital or analog modules, various types of machines or
process.

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 Advantages and Disadvantages
1. armored for severe conditions 1. Too much work required in
(dust, moisture, heat, cold, connecting wires.
2. have the facility for extensive 2. Difficulty with changes or
input/output (I/O) arrangements replacements.
3. Cost effective for controlling 3. Difficulty in finding errors; requiring
complex systems. skillful work force.
4. Flexible and can be reapplied to
control other systems quickly and
easily.
5. Computational abilities allow more
sophisticated control.
6. Trouble shooting aids make
programming easier and reduce
downtime.
7. Reliable components make these
likely to operate for years before
failure.
Leading Brands Of PLC
AMERICAN 1. Allen Bradley
2. Gould Modicon
3. Texas Instruments
4. General Electric
5. Westinghouse
6. Cutter Hammer
7. Square D
EUROPEAN 1. Siemens
2. Klockner & Mouller
3. Festo
4. Telemechanique
JAPANESE 1. Toshiba
2. Omron
3. Fanuc
4. Mitsubishi

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 PLC
Input
CPU Input
Module
Flag
System
Output
Output Module
User Ladder
Diagram

Working
memory
registers
 SWITCHES
Non-locking Locking

Normally Open Normally Closed

P1

P2
Multiple Throw Multiple Pole

Break-before-make Make-before-break
 RELAYS
A switch whose operation is activated by an electromagnet is called a "relay"

contact

coil

input

Relay coil Output contact

 COUNTER
Digital counters output in the form of a relay contact when a
preassigned count value is reached.
input
Register 5

Accumulator
reset

contact

output

Input

Reset

Output

Count 0 12 3 4 5 0 1
 TIMER
A timer consists of an internal clock, a count value register, and
an accumulator. It is used for or some timing purpose.

Clock

Accumulator
reset

Register

Clock
contact
Contact
Reset
output

Output

Count 0 1 2 3 4 5

Time 5 seconds.
 Relay Ladder Logic

Ladder logic is possibly the simplest

programming language.
The principle behind the language is illustrated
by a simple electrical relay. (Electrical relay
logic preceded PLCs as initially all logic was
implemented in hard wired panels using actual
relays, timer, Counters etc.)
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Simple Relay Circuit

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 Circuit representation in Ladder Logic

The above circuit is represented in Ladder

logic as shown in figure below (only the low
voltage circuit is used in ladder logic
diagrams):

Eng. R. L. Nkumbwa @ CBU 2010 20

AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
 AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
For process control, it is desired to have the process start (by turning on a motor)
five seconds after a part touches a limit switch. The process is terminated
automatically when the finished part touches a second limit switch. An emergency
switch will stop the process any time when it is pushed.
L1
LS1 PB1 LS2 R1

R1

TIMER
R1 R2
PB1
LS1 LS2

PR=5

TIMER

5
Motor
R2

R1
 AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
Programming a PLC
Oil is consumed
randomly. The tank
needs to be refilled by
turning on a pump.
Two hydrostatic
switches are used to
detect a high and low
level.
AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
Ladder Logic for Tank
AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
Logic for Ladder Solution
#1
Initially the tank is empty.
Therefore, input 0000 is TRUE
and input 0001 is also TRUE
AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
Logic for Ladder Solution
#2
The internal relay is turned on as
the water level rises.
AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
Logic for Ladder Solution
#3
After scan 2 the oil level rises
above the low level sensor and it
becomes open. (i.e. FALSE)
AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
Logic for Ladder Solution
#4
After scan 4 the oil level rises
above the high level sensor at it
also becomes open (i.e. false)
AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
Logic for Ladder Solution
#5
Since there is no more true logic
path output 500 is no longer
energized (true) and therefore
the motor turns off.
AN EXAMPLE OF RELAY LOGIC
Logic for Ladder Solution
#6
After scan 6 the oil level falls
below the high level sensor and
it will become true again.
 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE 1 Bar code reader
microswitch Stopper

Part Conveyor

Robot
Machine

id description state explanation

MSI microswitch 1 part arrive
R1 output to bar code reader 1 scan the part
C1 input from bar code reader 1 right part
R2 output robot 1 loading cycle
R3 output robot 1 unloading cycle
C2 input from robot 1 robot busy
R4 output to stopper 1 stopper up
C3 input from machine 1 machine busy
C4 input from machine 1 task complete
 SOLUTION
Input
Output
MS1 R1
01 11
C1 R2
02 12
C2 R3
03 13
C3 R4
04 14
Programmable
C4 05 15
Controller
PLC
Rung 1. If part arrives and no
part is stopped, trigger the
bar code reader.
01 14 11 Rung 2. If it is a right part,
activate the stopper.
02 14 Rung 3. If the stopper is up, the
machine is not busy and the
robot is not busy, load the
14 04 03 12
part onto the machine.
Rung 4. If the task is completed
05 03 13
and the robot is not busy,
unload the machine.