General terms for Radiation Protection calculation

As per NCRP 49, the computation of the primary barrier against primary radiation is
calculated according to the following formula:

(P) x (dpri)2
Kux = ---------------------------
(W) x (U) x (T)

where

Kux is the quotient of exposure at unit distance and workload

P is the weekly exposure rate

P = 0.01R for non-controlled areas and = 0.1R for controlled areas.
(Re: NCRP 49, page 63)

dpri is the distance from the primary radiation source to person to be protected
dpri to be determined in meters according to layout of the room.

W is the weekly workload mA/min

W = 150 mA/min at 150kVp for a Fluoroscopic room with image intensification
including spot film imaging (Re: NRCP 49, page 64)

U is the use factor

U = 1 for floors and 0.25 for walls (Re: NRCP 49, page 64)
The use factor for ceiling should be determined by the secondary protective
barrier requirement.

T is the occupancy factor

T = 1 for full occupancy and 0.25 partial occupancy (Re: NCRP 49, page 65)

Whereas, the computation of secondary protective barrier against scattered radiation is

calculated according to the following formula:

(P) x (dsca)2 x (d sec)2 x (400)

Kux = -------------------------------------------
(a) x (W) x (T) x (F)
where

Kux is the quotient of exposure at unit distance and workload

P is the weekly exposure rate

P = 0.01R for non-controlled areas and = 0.1R for controlled areas.
(Re: NCRP 49, page 63)
dsca is the distance from the radiation source to the scatterer
dsca = 0.8 m (average thickness of scatterer taken as 20 cm)

dsec is the distance from the radiation source to person to be protected dsec to be
determined according to the layout of the room.

a is the ratio of scattered to incident exposure

a = 0.0016 (Re. NCRP 49, page 59)

W is the weekly workload mA/min

W = 150 mA/min at 150kVp for a Fluoroscopic room with image intensification
including spot film imaging (Re: NRCP 49, page 69)

T is the occupancy factor

T = 1 for full occupancy and 0.25 partial occupancy (Re: NCRP 49, page 65)

F is the field area

F = 400cm2 (Re: NCRP 49, page 58)

Based on the dimensions of the room and the layout of the adjacent corridors, the
computed attenuation values will be taken from the graphs in NCRP 49, pages 91 & 93.

Example Primary Barrier Computation.

As per layout:

W = 200 mA/min
T = 0.25
Dpri = 1.68 m (distance of X-Ray source to outside wall including wall thickness)
U = 0.25
P = 0.01R

Therefore:
(0.01) x (1.68)2
Kux = -------------------------------------------
(200) x (0.25) x (0.25)

Kux = 0.0023

Which corresponds to 1.5 mm of Lead (Re. NCRP 49, page 91) or 13.838 cm of concrete
(density of 2.35 g/cm3) (Re. NCRP 49, page 93) or 15.86 cm of hard bricks (density of
2.05 g/cm3).

Example Secondary Barrier Computation.

As per layout:

P = 0.01R
dsca = 0.8 m
d sec = 2.7 m (distance of X-Ray source to outside wall including wall thickness)
W = 200 mA/min
a = 0.0016
T = 0.25
F = 400

Therefore:

(0.01) x (0.8)2 x (2.7)2 x (400)

Kux = -------------------------------------------
(0.0016) x (200) x (0.25) x (400)

Kux = 0.5832

Which corresponds to 1.1 mm of Lead (Re. NCRP 49, page 91) or 10.15 cm of concrete
(density of 2.35 g/cm3) (Re. NCRP 49, page 93) or 11.65 cm of hard bricks (density of
2.05 g/cm3).