ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible and under
whose constant guidance and encouragement the task was completed.

I would like to express my immense gratitude to Dr. L Basavaraj, Principal,

ATMECE, Mysuru for his timely help and inspiration during the tenure of the course.

I would like to express our deep gratitude to the Dr. Mahesh P K, HOD,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ATMECE, Mysuru for his
timely cooperation while carrying the Technical Seminar. It is his friendliness that made
me learn more.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Technical Seminar coordinator

Mr. Girish M, Assistant Professor, and also my guide Mr.Guruprasad K N, Assistant
Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ATMECE,
Mysuru for their encouragement and suggestions which helped me a lot in the
completion of the Technical Seminar.

I also extend my sincere thanks to all the Faculty members of Department of

Electronics & Communication Engineering, ATMECE, Mysuru who have encouraged
me throughout the course.

Last but not the least, I express my heartfelt gratitude to Almighty, my Parents
for their love and blessings that helped me complete the Technical Seminar Work
successfully.

USHA M
(4AD12EC089)

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 ABSTRACT

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in wireless network deployment and
mobile device market penetration. With vigorous research that promises higher datarates
Ultimately, wireless users will demand the same reliable service as today's wire-line
telecommunications and data networks. However, there are some unique problems in
cellular networks that challenge their service reliability.In addition to problems
introduced by fading, user mobility places stringent requirements on network resources.
Whenever an active mobile terminal (MT) moves from one cell to another, the call needs
to be handed off to the new base station (US), and network resources must be reallocated.
Resource demands could fluctuate abruptly due to the movement of high data rate users.
Quality of service (QoS) degradation or even forced termination may occur when there
are insufficient resources to accommodate these handoffs.If the system has prior
knowledge of the exact trajectory of every MT, it could take appropriate steps to reserve
resources so that QoS may be guaranteed during the MT's connection lifetime. However,
such an ideal scenario is very unlikely to occur in real life. Instead, much of the work on
resource reservation has adopted a predictive approach.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
LIST OF FIGURES iii
ACRONYMS v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 History of internet 2
1.2 Organization of repot 3
CHAPTER 2 METHEDOLOGY
2.1 Need of QOS
2.2 Quality of Service Challenges 5
2.3 Achievements in QoS till now 5
2.4 Attributes of QoS 6
2.5 Different QoS Schemes in Cellular Networks 7
CHAPTER 3 WORKING PRINCIPLES
3.1 Road Topology based Mobile Prediction Techniques 8

3.2Handoff Prioritization via Dynamic Resource Reservation 11

3.3 Simulation Details and Results 13
3.4 Additional simulated schemes for comparison purpose 17
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATIONS
4.1 Advantages and services 21
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 22
REFERENCE
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Utilizing road topology information for mobility prediction 9

Figure 3.2 A simulation network with wrap around at network boundary 16
Figure 3.3 A sample road layout randomly generated 17
Figure 3.4 Plot of PNC v/s PFT demonstrating the different schemes 20

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 ACRONYMS

MT - Mobile Terminal
BS - Base Station
GPS - Global Positioning System
GSM - Global System for Mobile communication
CDMA - Computer Science Network
LTE - Long Term Evolution
UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
SAP - Service Access Point
SDU - Standard Delivery Unit
CAC - Call Admission Control
HPT - Handoff Probable Segment