COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 8 5.

A satellite communication link between Pinugay Earth

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Station, Philippines and Mt. Fucino Earth Station, Italy is to
be established. If the assigned uplink frequency at Pinugay
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter which corresponds to your Earth Station is 6175 MHz, what is the downlink frequency at
answer. Mt. Fucino Earth Station, in MHz?

1. The first duplex satellite is a. 4545

b. 3950
a. Moon c. 3789
b. Sputnik 1 d. 4200
c. Telstar
d. Early Bird 6. A satellite equipped with electronic devices to receive,
amplify, convert and retransmit signals.
2. The FDMA technique wherein voice band channels are
assigned on as needed basis. a. Passive
b. Active
a. PAMA c. Uplink
b. DAMA d. Downlink
c. SSMA
d. CDMA 7. The orbit of any planet is an ellipse with the sun at one
focus. This is
3. A form of CDMA where a digital code is used to continually
change the frequency of the carrier. a. Keplers First Law
b. Keplers Second Law
a. Spread Spectrum c. Keplers Third Law
b. Frequency Hopping d. Law of Universal Gravitation
c. Store and Forward
d. SPADE 8. The point in an satellite orbit which is farthest away from the
earth
4. The satellite frequency reuse method which sends different
information signals using vertical or horizontal a. Perigee
electromagnetic polarization. b. Apogee
c. Azimuth
a. Multiple coverage areas d. Ascending node
b. Dual polarization
c. Spatial separation 9. The first active satellite which transmitted telemetry
d. Spread spectrum information

a. Telstar 1
b. Aguila II
c. Palapa A 1
d. Sputnik
10. The portion of the satellite communication link involving the
transmission of traffic from ground station to satellite. 16. The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going
from South to North.
a. Uplink
b. Lowlink a. Ascending Node
c. Paylink b. Descending Node
d. Bus transmission c. Apogee
d. Perigee
11. It is spacecraft placed in orbit around the earth carrying on-
board microwave receiving and transmitting equipment. 17. The footprint which covers approximately one-third of the
earths surface using a 17 degree beamwidth.
a. Communication satellite
b. Terrestrial link a. Spot coverage
c. Transponder b. Zonal coverage
d. Microwave repeater c. Earth coverage
d. Regional coverage
12. Satellite position has an/a __________ angle with respect to
the horizon. 18. An earth station transmits signal to a satellite 38,500 km.,
directly overhead it. What is the propagation delay when the
a. Azimuth signal is received back at the same earth station, in
b. Depression milliseconds.
c. Elevation
d. Critical a. 257
b. 200
13. A satellite that revolves from North to South. c. 285
d. 185
a. Equatorial
b. Polar 19. When a satellite orbits in the opposite direction as the earths
c. Orbital rotation with an angular velocity less than that of the earth.
d. Inclined
a. Orbital
14. The Keplers Law which is also known as the Law of Areas. b. Prograde
c. Retrograde
a. First Law d. Geostationary
b. Second Law
c. Third Law 20. The actual user information conveyed through the satellite
d. None of the above system.

15. The satellite multiple access technique which uses the a. Bus transmission
spread spectrum technology is b. Payload
c. Prograde
a. FDMA d. Retrograde
b. TDMA
c. CDMA
d. DAMA
21. The spatial separation between geosynchronous satellites d. Score

a. 1 3 degrees 27. A satellite receives an uplink frequency of __________ MHz

b. 3 6 degrees from a ground station of 3700 MHz.
c. 6 8 degrees
d. 8 10 degrees a. 8150 MHz
b. 1475 MHz
22. __________ detects the satellite signal relayed from the c. 2225 MHz
feed and converts it to an electric current, amplifies and d. 5925 MHz
lower its frequency.
28. What band does VSAT first operate?
a. Feedhorn
b. Satellite dish a. X-band
c. Satellite receiver b. C-band
d. LNB c. Ku-band
d. L-band
23. What kind of battery panels are used in some advance
satellites? 29. Satellite engine use

a. Gallium Arsenide solar panel a. Liguid fuel

b. Silicon based panels b. Jet propulsion
c. Germanium based panels c. Ion propulsion system
d. Gallium Phosphate solar panel d. Solar jet

24. Footprint refers to coverage area in the globe 30. The first passive satellite transponder

a. Satellite radiation polarization a. Early bird

b. Satellite navigation b. Score
c. Satellite radiation pattern c. Moon
d. Satellite coverage d. Sputnik

25. Satellite system or part of a satellite system, consisting of 31. Satellites used for intercontinental communications are
only one satellite and the operating earth station. known as

a. Satellite system a. Comsat

b. Satellite network b. Domsat
c. Space system c. Marisat
d. Multi-satellite link d. Intelsat

26. Known to be the first satellite capable to receive and transmit 32. AsiaSat 1 covers how many countries in Asia?
simultaneously.
a. 38
a. Syncom I b. 40
b. Echo I c. 44
c. Telstar I d. 42
33. An area on the surface of the earth within which the 38. Considered as the corrupting influence(s) in the satellite
boresight of the steerable satellite beam intended to be movement.
pointed.
a. Gravitational pull between the earth and the orbiting
a. Equivalent boresight area satellite
b. Contour boresight area b. Atmospheric drag on the satellite
c. Coordination boresight area c. Orbital ellipse
d. Effective boresight area d. All of these

34. Refers to a man-made body sent into continuous orbit 39. The orbit of communications satellites is defined by the
around the earth, which provides propagation paths for radio angle with respect to the earth equator, which is the 0
waves between terrestrial transmitters and receivers. plane. What is (are) the basic orbital angle(s)?

a. Rocket a. Polar
b. Allotter relay b. Inclined
c. Space shuttle c. Equatorial
d. Communications satellite d. All of the above

35. What is the basic function of a communications satellite? 40. How do we measure the position of a satellite?

a. To act as a receiving antenna for broadcast FM a. By its elevation angle with respect to the horizon
b. To compensate for the antenna limitations b. By its azimuth angle measured clockwise from the
c. To eliminate aerodynamic drag direction of true north
d. To act as a receiving antenna for broadcast AM c. Through the line of apsides
d. A and B are correct
36. Typical round-trip distance and transmission time for a
satellite relay 41. Which of the following cause(s) the satellites orbital
distortions?
a. About 300 ms and 90,000 km, respectively
b. 90,000 km and about 300 ms, respectively a. Sun
c. 90,000 mi and about 100 ms, respectively b. Earth
d. 90,000 mi and 300 ms, respectively c. Moon
d. All of the above
37. The figure of a satellite defines in orbit
42. What is the approximate service life of communications
a. Circle satellites?
b. Elliptical
c. Parabolic a. 3 years only
d. Hyperbolic b. 5 to 20 years
c. 20 to 60 years
d. 100 years
43. Represents application of the extraordinary advanced d. All of the above
technology of satellites to solve the problem of accurate,
reliable, 24 hr/day navigation. 48. How do you describe the complete signal path of the satellite
communications operation?
a. Global Positioning System (GPS)
b. Navigation System using Timing and and Ranging a. Begins at a ground station, proceeds to an uplink,
(NAVSTAR) then to a downlink, and ends at a receiving ground
c. A and B are correct station.
d. LORAN b. From the satellite, to a downlink, then to a ground
station.
44. A system based on the accurate knowledge by the vessel of c. Begins at a ground station, proceeds to an uplink, to
the position of each of four satellites, as calculated by the the satellite itself, to a downlink, and ends at a
time with respect to the user. receiving ground station.
d. All of these
a. GPS
b. A or D 49. What is a passive satellite?
c. LORAN
d. NAVSTAR a. A satellite capable of receiving, amplifying, and
retransmitting information to and from earth stations.
45. Segment(s) of a complete GPS system is(are) b. A bent-pipe or a reflector which bounces a signal
from one place to another.
a. Control segment c. A satellite which receives transmissions from earth
b. Space segment stations, stored them on magnetic tape, and
c. User segment rebroadcast them to ground stations farther along in
d. All of these its orbit.
d. A or C
46. Its function assures the overall system performance and
accuracy 50. How does communication between satellites be achieved?

a. Control segment a. Using satellite cross-links

b. Space segment b. Intersatellite links (ISLs)
c. User segment c. Through is ground stations
d. All of these d. A or B is correct

47. The user segment is used to receive signals for the GPS
system from the four satellites, compute the time differences,
and determine position, while space segments function
is(are)
a. To receive signals for the GPS system from the four
satellites, compute the distance differences, and
determine position
b. To transmit time codes and orbital position
information to the users
c. To assure the overall performance and accuracy
51. Which of the following refers to a delayed repeater satellite?
a. A satellite capable of receiving, amplifying, and
retransmitting information to and from earth stations.
b. A bent-pipe or a reflector which bounces a signal
from one place to another.
c. A satellite which receives transmissions from earth
stations, stored them on magnetic tape, and
rebroadcast them to ground stations farther along in
its orbit.
d. All of these
52. Satellite orbiting in the same direction as Earths rotation and 56. Which of the following parameters (height of the satellite
at an angular velocity greater than the earth is called from earth, travel time, rotation period, and the satellites line
prograde orbit; and a satellite orbiting which is in the of sight) refer to low-altitude satellites?
opposite direction as Earths rotation or in the same direction
but at an angular velocity less than that of Earth is known as a. 19,000 25,000 mi; 6,879 mi/hr; 24 hr; and 24-h
availability time, respectively
a. Haleys orbit b. 6,000 12,000 mi; 12,189 mi/hr; 5 12 hr; and 2 4
b. Elliptical orbit hr per orbit, respectively
c. Equatorial orbit c. 100 300 mi; 17,500 mi/hr; 1 hr, and or less
d. Retrograde orbit per orbit, respectively
d. 50 95 mi; 25,600 mi/hr, hr; and 1/8 or less per
53. Are satellites that orbit in a circular pattern with an angular orbit, respectively
velocity equal to that of earth.
57. There are two primary classifications of communications
a. Geostationary or geosynchronous satellites satellites: one uses the angular momentum of its spinning
b. Nonsynchronous satellites body to provide roll and yaw stabilization; and the other one
c. Orbital satellites is its body remains fixed relative to Earths surface while an
d. B or C is correct internal subsystem provides roll and yaw stabilization. What
are they?
54. What do you call of a satellite used to provide satellite
services within a single country? a. Gyroscopic satellites
b. Delayed repeater satellites
a. Orbital satellite c. Passive and active satellites
b. Geostationary satellite d. Spinners and three-axis stabilizer satellites
c. Nonsynchronous satellite
d. Domestic satellite or domsat 58. How do radiation patterns or beams from a satellite antenna
categorized?
55. Which of the following is not an advantage of
geosynchronous orbit? a. Spot
b. Earth
a. No need to switch from one satellite to another as c. Zonal
satellites orbit overhead, therefore, no breaks of d. All of these
transmission due to switching times.
b. High-altitude geosynchronous satellites can cover a 59. A __________ satellite with an orbital period of one sidereal
much larger area. day or nominally, 24 h
c. Geosynchronous satellites require higher transmit
powers and more sensitive receivers because of the a. Bent-pipe satellite
longer distances and greater path loss. b. Processing satellite
d. Satellite remains almost stationary in respect to a c. Geostationary satellite
given earth station, therefore, expensive tracking d. ANIK-D communications satellite
equipment is not required at the earth stations.
60. 19,000 25,000 mi height; 6,879 mi/hr travel time; 24-hr 65. Refers to the line joining the perigee and apogee through the
rotation; and 24-hr availability time belong to what satellite? center of the earth.

a. Low-altitude satellites (circular orbit) a. Line of sight

b. Medium-altitude satellites (elliptical orbit) b. Line of nodes
c. Hight-altitude satellites (geosynchronous orbit) c. Equatorial belt
d. GLONASS d. Line of apsides

61. An orbit when the satellite rotates in a path above the 66. The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going
equator. from north to south; and the point where the orbit crosses
the equatorial plane going from south to north refer to
a. Polar orbit
b. Inclined orbit a. Ascending node
c. Equatorial orbit b. Descending node
d. Geosynchronous orbit c. Ascending node and descending node, respectively
d. Descending node and ascending node, respectively
62. Orbiting satellite system in Russia which means lightning or
news flash, used for television broadcasting. It uses a 67. What is the line joining the ascending and descending nodes
highly inclined elliptical orbit with apogee at about 40,000 km through the center of earth?
and perigee at about 1,000 km.
a. Line of apsides
a. Molniya system b. Line of nodes
b. Molnya system c. Line of shoot
c. Molnia system d. Line of sight
d. All are correct
68. Refers to the horizontal pointing of an antenna.
63. Polar and inclined orbits refer to what?
a. Look angle
a. Any other orbital path, and rotation above the b. Elevation
equator, respectively c. Azimuth
b. Any other orbital path, and rotation that takes over d. Spot
the north and south poles, respectively
c. Rotation that takes over the north and south poles, 69. What is meant by the angle of elevation?
and any other orbital path, respectively
d. Rotation above the equator, and rotation that takes a. The angle formed between the direction of travel of
over the north and south poles, respectively a wave radiated from an earth station antenna and
the horizontal.
64. __________ means the farthest distance from earth a b. The horizontal pointing of an antenna.
satellite orbit reaches while __________ is the minimum c. The angle subtended at the earth station antenna
distance. between the satellite and the horizontal.
d. A or C is right
a. Apogee and perigee, respectively
b. Perigee and apogee, respectively
c. A and B are the same
d. None of these
70. The range of frequencies used by communications 75. Why is it that the uplink is always higher in frequency than
satellites? the downlink?

a. from 1 GHz up to 3 GHz a. Because the uplink suffers greater spreading or free-
b. from 1 GHz up to 30 GHz space loss of frequency than its lower counterpart
c. from 30 GHz up to 300 GHz b. Since an earth station aims upward with well-
d. from 300 GHz up to 350 GHz controlled antenna sidelobes
c. A and B are correct
71. Otherwise considered as radio repeater in the sky. d. None of these

a. Transponder 76. What is frequency hopping?

b. Satellite
c. Sputnik a. A form of CDMA where a digital code is used to
d. Courier continually change the frequency of the carrier.
b. Available bandwidth is partitioned into smaller
72. How does interference between uplink and downlink signals frequency bands and the total transmission time is
be prevented? subdivided into smaller time slots.
c. Each earth station within a CDMA network is
a. By using different ground stations assigned a different frequency hopping pattern in
b. By using different satellites which each transmitter hops or switches from one
c. By using different carrier frequencies frequency band to the next according to their
d. All of these assigned pattern.
d. All of these
73. An electronic system called transponder of the
communications satellite is used 77. What is meant by satellite footprint?

a. For frequency translations a. Is the earth area that the satellite can receive from
b. To retransmit signals or transmit to.
c. To receive signals b. Is the function of both the satellite orbit and height,
d. All of the above and the type of antenna the satellite uses.
c. The geographical representation of the satellite
74. What do you call of the signal path from the transmitter to antennas radiation pattern.
satellite and from the satellite to earth-based receiver? d. All of the above

a. Downlink and uplink, respectively 78. What (is)are the advantage(s) using 1-GHz and higher
b. Downlink frequencies?
c. Uplink and downlink, respectively
d. Uplink a. Large amount of information can be sent due to
large available bandwidth
b. Propagation characteristics are very consistent
c. Signal wavelengths are shorter
d. All of these are correct
79. What is meant by link budget? 84. As the height of a satellite orbit gets lower, the speed of the
satellite
a. The sum of all the signal gains and losses along the
way. a. Increases
b. The difference of the signal gains and losses along b. Decreases
the way. c. Remains the same
c. Identifies the system parameters and is used to d. None of the above
determine the projected C/N and Eb/No ratios at both
the satellite and earth station receivers for a given 85. The main function of a communications satellite is as a(n)
modulation scheme and desired P.
d. A or C is right a. Repeater
b. Reflector
80. How can satellite maintains its desired orbit consistently? c. Beacon
d. Observation platform
a. Using small on-board rocket thrusters
b. Through using guidance system 86. The key electronic component in a communications satellite
c. By telemetry channel is the
d. All of these
a. Telemetry
81. A satellite consists of many subsystem functions b. On-board computer
incorporated into a single system. What is the subsystem c. Command and control system
responsible for providing the primary dc power and the d. Transponder
regulated, secondary supply voltages for the satellite
circuits? 87. A circular orbit around the equator with a 24-h period is
called a(n)
a. Communication channel subsystem
b. Telemetry subsystem a. Elliptical orbit
c. Power subsystem b. Geostationary orbit
d. Antennas c. Polar orbit
d. Transfer orbit
82. How do communications satellites powered?
88. A satellite stays in orbit because the following two factors are
a. By a bank of batteries whose charge is maintained balanced.
by an array of solar cells
b. Liquid fuel a. Satellite weight and speed
c. Nuclear b. Gravitational pull and inertia
d. Ac power c. Centripetal force and speed
d. Satellite weight and the pull of the moon and sun
83. __________ is the total power consumption for the satellite
operation? 89. The height of a satellite in a synchronous equatorial orbit is

a. About 10 W a. 100 mi
b. About 150 W b. 6800 mi
c. About 2000 W c. 22,300 mi
d. About 25000 W d. 35,860 mi
90. Most satellites operate in which frequency band? 96. The jet thrusters are usually fired to

a. 30 to 300 MHz a. Maintain attitude

b. 300 MHz to 3 GHz b. Put the satellite into the transfer orbit
c. 3 GHz to 30 GHz c. Inject the satellite into the geosynchronous orbit
d. Above 300 GHz d. Bring the satellite back to earth

91. The main power sources for a satellite are 97. Most commercial satellite activity occurs in which band(s)?

a. Batteries a. L
b. Solar cells b. C and Ku
c. Fuel cells c. X
d. Thermoelectric generators d. S and P

92. The maximum height of an elliptical orbit is called the 98. How can multiple earth stations share a satellite on the same
frequencies?
a. Perigee
b. Apex a. Frequency reuse
c. Zenith b. Multiplexing
d. Apogee c. Mixing
d. They cant
93. Batteries are used to power all satellite subsystems
99. The typical bandwidth of a satellite band is
a. At all times
b. Only during emergencies a. 36 MHz
c. During eclipse periods b. 40 MHz
d. To give the solar arrays a rest c. 70 MHz
d. 500 MHz
94. The satellite subsystem that monitors and controls the
satellite is the 100. Which of the following is not usually a part of a
transponder?
a. Propulsion subsystem
b. Power subsystem a. LNA
c. Communications subsystem b. Mixer
d. Telemetry, tracking, and command subsystem c. Modulator
d. HPA
95. The basic technique used to stabilized a satellite is

a. Gravity-forward motion balance

b. Spin
c. Thruster control
d. Solar panel orientation