In-Building Process Troubleshooting

DiGi In-Building System Model Site

IPS1 In-building Passive Antenna System with Outdoor Macro BTS

IPS2 In-building Passive Antenna System with Indoor Macro BTS

IPS3 In-building Passive Antenna System with Micro BTS

IAS1 In-building Active Antenna System with Outdoor Macro BTS

IAS2 In-building Active Antenna System with Indoor Macro BTS

IAS3 In-building Active Antenna System with Micro BTS

IRP1 In-building Passive Antenna System with Repeater

DiGi ZTE Radio Base Station

R8881 R8882
RRU type R8882 (old) R8840 R8860
(new) (new)
47.78 47.78 49 49 47.78
Typical output
power (dBm)

41.76(15)
TRX Power
dBm (W)-Max
 > Internal Only

(New) Remote Radio Unit ZXSDR R8881

Performance Index
TOC Power/Capacity:
80W: 6 TRXs/4 Carriers/4 TRXs+1 Carrier/2 TRXs+2 Carriers
370 mm

MCPA based, high PA efficiency
Supporting GU dual mode
Supporting Full Bands
High output power
Built-in lightening protection
Receiving Sensitivity:
GSM: -113.5dBm@single antenna
UMTS: -129.2dBm@dual antennas
Frequency: 850M/900M/1800M/1900M/2100M/AWS
TPC:
UMTS: 125W (S2, 2100M)
GSM: 155W (S6, 900M)/170W (S6, 1800M)
GU : 170W (G_S4+U_S1, 900M)
Power Supply: -48V DC, 220V/110V AC
Temperature Range: -40 to +55
Protection Class: IP65
Interface: 2*1.25G CPRI interfaces

Physical Index
Volume: 370 mm*320 mm*170 mm (H*W*D)
Weight: 18 kg

7 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

 > Internal Only

(New) Remote Radio Unit ZXSDR R8882

Performance Index
Capacity:
G/U: 2*6 TRX /2*4 Carriers
GU : 2*(4TRX+1Carrier)/2*(2TRX+2 Carriers)
Tx/Rx Rx Rx Tx/Rx
Output Power: 2*60W
480 mm

Receiving Sensitivity:
PA PA GSM: - 113.5dBm@single antenna
UMTS: -129.2dBm@dual antennas
Frequency: 850M/900M/1800M/1900M/2100M/AWS

TPC:
GSM: 290W (S66, 900M) ; UMTS: 150W (S11, 2100M)
GU: 315W (G_S44+U_S11, 900M)

MCPA based , high PA efficiency Power Supply: -48V DC

Supporting GU dual-mode dual-band Temperature Range: -40 to +55

2T4R, supporting 2 sectors or 2*2 MIMO Protection Class: IP65

Interface: 2*2.5G CPRI optical interfaces
Supporting Full Bands
Built-in lightening protection

Physical Index
Volume: 480 mm*320 mm*150 mm (H*W*D)
Weight: 23 Kg
PA PA PA PA

8 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

 Multi-Operator In-Building System
(Common Antenna System, CAS)
In-Building System shared by all telco operators
Normally apply to big shopping malls, corporate
buildings or new buildings
All operators equipment will be centralized in an
equipment room
All operators will agree on a common in-building
design criteria for 2G & 3G
Planning and installation of the system will be Maxis DiGi
managed by the appointed operator as the Project Celcom
Manager (PM)
Project will be awarded to the PMs selected
contractor
Preventive and Corrective Maintenance of Antenna
system to be provided by appointed contractor for
huge, active & hybrid system ie Midvalley Megamall
After Preliminary Site Survey
What To Include In Design Criteria?
Model Site
BTS equipment used with power output
Sectorization plan
RxLev for different priority area
Spillage
RxQual
BTS Equipment
KPIs
Coverage area definition for different priority areas

Design
Criteria
In-building System RF Components

1. Feeder
2. Coupler
3. Power Splitter
4. Hybrid Combiner
5. Diplexer
6. Triplexer
7. T-Bias
In-building System RF Components
Feeders
Feeder Type Attenuation / feeder length

Coaxial 7/8 inches ~ 6.5dB / 100m

Coaxial 1/2 inches ~ 10.0dB / 100m

Coaxial 1 5/8 inches ~ 4.0dB / 100m

Fiber cables Good performance for distance of 1 2

km

Coupler
COUPLER is used to divide power unevenly to the antennas.

Coupler Type Hi Loss (dBm) Lo Loss (dBm)

6dB 6.3 1.56
10dB 10.3 0.76
13dB 13.3 0.52
15dB 15.3 0.44
20dB 20.3 0.35
In-building System RF Components (cont)

Power Splitter
POWER SPLITTER equally divide the power to 2 or more antennas.

Splitter Type Loss (dBm)

2-Way 3.3
3-Way 5.1 * Inclusive of insertion loss of 0.3 dBm

4-Way 6.3

Hybrid Combiner
HYBRID COMBINER / COUPLER is commonly used to combine the
transceiver units of BTS
Generally used in in-building design is the 3dB hybrid combiner with typical
coupled loss of 3.5 dBm
2 input to 2 output
Coupler

2 in 2 out combiner 800-2500MHz N-F

P/N: HT.HCP-0825-031118

Electrical Specifications:
1. Frequency Range(MHz): 800-2500
2. Insertion Loss(dB): 3.5
3. In-band Ripple(dB): 0.5
4. VSWR: 1.2:1
5. Isolation(dB): 25
6. Impedance(): 50
7. Average Power(W): 200
8. Connectors: N-Female
9. Dimension(mm): Refer to the drawing
10. Operating Temperature(C):-30~+50
11. Finish: Black Plated
Power Splitter

Reactive Power Splitters

Reactive splitters offered in 2, 3 and 4 ways, use air-line dielectrics with
silver plated, metal conductors in aluminum housings. They have excellent
input VSWR, high power ratings, low PIM and very low losses usually 0.05
dB or less. Modern design techniques allow bandwidths that extend from
380 to 4200 MHz in housing of convenient length. Reactive splitters are
frequently employed in in-building systems because they are virtually
indestructible, low loss and low PIM.
The most basic form of a power splitter is a simple "T" connection, which
has one input and two
outputs. If the "T" is mechanically symmetrical, a signal applied to the input
will be divided into two
output signals, equal in amplitude and phase.
Hybrid Coupler/Combiner

Hybrid Combiners
Hybrid Couplers have the important characteristic that allows addition of two or
more signals without interaction regardless of how close the frequencies of the
signals may be. This feature can often eliminate the need for filters which can often
introduce signal aberrations. The most commonly recommended hybrid for wireless
systems is a multi-section, strip-line design, covering 700 MHz to 2700 MHz, which
includes the present and future cellular, PCS, 3G and 3G/4G extension bands.
 Diplexer/Duplexer

Duplex and diplex depends on the use. There is not physical difference. If signals go both directions, like
transmitting and receiving, it is called a duplexer. (Think of full duplex to remember the difference.) If signals
go one direction only and are sorted by frequency into different paths, it is called a diplexer.

Circulators and isolators are almost exactly the same. The only difference is the third port (relative to the
main input and output) being available for the user (circulator) or terminated into a resistive load inside the
case (isolator).
In-building System RF Components (cont)

Diplexer

Diplexer is commonly used to combine the transceiver units of BTS.

Generally used in in-building design is the triplexer with typical loss of 0.5 dBm.
2 input to 1 output. Input ports are pre-designed for GSM1800 and GSM900

Triplexer
Triplexer is commonly used to combine the transceiver units of BTS.
Generally used in in-building design is the triplexer with typical loss of 0.5 dBm.
3 input to 1 output. Input ports are pre-designed for GSM1800, 900 and 3G.
IBC scenarios

1. Combiner for 3 Operator ( DiGi PM)

2. Combiner for 2 Operator ( DiGi PM)
3. Single Operator ( DiGi PM)
4. Combiner for 4 Operator ( DiGi PM)
5. Propose maxis share PM Celcom
6. Combiner for 4 Operator using High gain combiner 500W ( DiGi PM)
 Triplexer maxis

Maxis

Maxis 3G
Propose new HB
Propose new HB
Celcom HC
HC

TRI

DiGi

Combiner for 3 Operator ( DiGi PM)

 Maxis 2G
Antenna
900
Maxis 3G 3G HC
DiGi 1800

Propose new HB
DiGi
900
3G
1800

Combiner for 2 Operator ( DiGi PM)

DiGi C
New cable 1/2 900
1800 HC
3G M
DiGi UM

New combiner new 500 W combiner

Single Operator ( DiGi PM)

Maxis 2G & 3G
H H
DIGI 2G & 3G C C
DIGI antenna
UM 3G
H H
Celc0m 2G & 3G C C

Combiner for 4 Operator ( DiGi PM)

Triplexer celcom

900

1800

3G

H
C
Triplexer maxis
exiting Coupler
900

1800
Celcom
3G

Triplexer digi

900
H
1800 C
3G exiting HB
DiGi

Propose maxis share PM Celcom

 Propose new Triplexer

900
Sector 1 Celcom port
1800

DiGi 3G Maxis port

Maxis port
H
C Propose new Triplexer Maxis 8 port combiner

DiGi 900
Sector 2 Celcom port
1800

3G Maxis port
Maxis
port
Propose new Triplexer
Maxis 8 port combiner

Combiner for 4 Operator using High

gain combiner 500W ( DiGi PM)
UNDER CONSTRUCTIONS SLIDE
Menara Olympia

Existing DiGi one sector at site

36.7dBm
40dBm 2W
DiGi BTS splitte
r
36.7dBm
DiGi preferred combining circuit

40dBm
Hybrid
DiGi Combiner

Celcom 40dBm
Plaza Melaka Raya

Existing:-

40dBm 30dBm
A 10dB To indoor system
attenuator
DiGi BTS
B
to outdoor sectors
C
Proposed combining circuit for Maxis

Maxis to remove 10dB attenuator

and replace with HC
35dBm
Maxis BTS

35dBm HC To DiGi indoor system

DiGi BTS
To Digi outdoor
Prime Ministers Residence Putrajaya
Maxis
DiGi proposed Combining Circuit
Maxis Triplexer
GSM
900

To existing combiner

Maxis
3g
Queensbay Mall Penang

Model Site: IPS2 In-building Passive Antenna System with Indoor Macro BTS.
Site Nature: CAS_3
Hybrid Coupler Basics
3dB, 90 Hybrid Couplers
A 3 dB, 90 hybrid coupler is a four-port device that is used either to equally split an input signal with a resultant
90 phase shift between output ports or to combine two signals while maintaining high isolation between the ports.

Figure 1

The basic configuration of a hybrid coupler is shown in Figure 1 which illustrates two cross-over transmission lines
over a length of one-quarter wavelength, corresponding with the center frequency of operation. When power is
introduced at the IN port, half the power (3dB) flows to the 0 port and the other half is coupled (in the opposite
direction) to the 90 port. Reflections from mismatches sent back to the output ports will flow directly to
the ISO port or cancel at the input. This is why hybrids are so widely used to split high power signals in applications
where unwanted reflections could easily damage the driver device.
3 dB, 90 degree hybrids are also know as quadrature hybrids because a signal applied to any input, will result in
two equal amplitude signals that are quadrant (90 apart). It also makes no difference which port is the input
because the relationship at the outputs remains the same as these devices are electrically and mechanically
symmetrical. This configuration ensures a high degree of isolation between the two output ports and the two input
ports without unwanted interaction between them.
RF combiners, splitters, couplers and hybrids are a group of circuits and components that are
used in many RF applications to split, combine or sample RF power in circuits. Being similar in
nature, they are often linked together in explanations or within similar areas within manufacturers
catalogues.

Coupler, splitter, combiner, hybrid definitions

The terms RF combiners, splitters, couplers and hybrids refer to slightly different items. Each item
is used in RF design and all are important to the RF designer.
RF combiner: An RF combiner is used to combine RF from a number of different sources. This
is achieved while maintaining the characteristic impedance of the system. Dependent upon the
type of combiner it may introduce additional loss by using resistors, or it may be use transformers
in which case it could in theory be lossless.

RF combiners can be used in a number of different applications. They are used for sending
several signals along a single feeder, and they may also be used for circuits where several RF
signals need to be brought together.
RF splitter: An RF splitter is the reverse of a combiner - in fact splitters and combiners utilize
exactly the same circuits - the inputs for one form the outputs for the other. As the signal is split a
number of ways, there is an associated reduction in signal level between the input and the output
dependent upon the number of outputs for which the signal is shared.
RF hybrid: A number of circuits are referred to as hybrids. RF hybrids are based on
transformers, and as such RF splitters or RF combiners may be referred to as hybrids when they
use transformer technology.
RF coupler: Directional couplers have many similarities with splitters. They are often used to
sample signals and they may have directional properties. Rather than being based upon
transformer technology they use capacitive coupling to achieve their aims.
Diplexer/Triplexer

The diplexers and triplexers is designed to enable feeder sharing of several systems on the same site.
Focusing at the highest technical performance standard and at easy installation, its have developed a
broad range of innovative products for cellular band, GSM 900, GSM 1800, PCS 1900 and UMTS 2100,
covering frequency bands from 806 to 2170 MHz.

Duplexers

Duplexers are used to simultaneously transmit and receive from a single antenna. They are three-port
devices comprising a combination of transmit and receive filters with a common antenna port.
Duplexers are designed for various application based on operational frequency and utility. As an example,
mobile duplexers are designed to handle low power and are very compact in size. Base station duplexers
are designed to handle higher base radio power and generally designed to be mountable in standard
equipment racks.
The End