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REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
HVAC INDUSTRY
GENERAL INDUSTRY
CHALLENGE:
BENEFITS:
This case study demonstrates the modeling of a vapour compression
refrigeration system using R22 as refrigerant. Both a steady-state and a transient
simulation will be considered.
SOLUTION:
Flownex was used to simulate a vapour compression refrigeration system using
R22 as refrigerant. First a steady-state simulation was done and the results of
this simulation were used as initial conditions for a transient simulation.
simulation.
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VAPOUR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
This case study demonstrates the modeling of a vapour
compression refrigeration system using R22 as refrigerant. Both a
steady-state and a transient simulation will be considered. The primary objective
of the simulation is to
determine the steady-
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
state performance of
The lay-out of the system is shown in Figure 1. the system given the
Condenser design of all the
10 9 components together
Pipe
3 2
with appropriate
boundary conditions.
4
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Figure 2 shows the process on a temperature entropy diagram.
OBJECTIVE OF SIMULATION
The primary objective of the simulation is to determine the steady-
state performance of the system given the design of all the
components together with appropriate boundary conditions.
2 Constant
pressure line
Constant
pressure line
1, 6
5
Entropy
FLOWNEX MODEL
The Flownex model of the system is shown in Figure 3.
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DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATION
The compressor is modeled with Flownexs Positive Displacement
Compressor (PDC) element while the evapourator and condenser is
modeled with Flownexs discretized parallel or counter flow heat Two simulations are
exchanger element. Each heat exchanger element is subdivided in done. The first is a
20 increments. Flownexs Restrictor with Discharge (RD) element is steady-state simulation
used to model the expansion valve. This type of element use
and the second is the
accurate relationships to model choking.
transient simulation
Two simulations are done. The first is a steady-state simulation and that uses the steady-
the second is the transient simulation that uses the steady-state
results of the first case as initial conditions. The condition that is
state results of the first
varied in the transient simulation is the temperature at node 9. case as initial
conditions.
The following boundary conditions are specified for the steady-
state case:
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The time increment for
the transient simulation
is 50 ms.
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RESULTS
STEADY-STATE CASE
Some important results of the steady-state case are summarized in
This is due to the
the following table.
decrease in
Parameter Value compressor discharge
Condenser heat transfer 118.13 [kW] pressure. Both
Evapourator heat transfer 94.04 [kW] compressor power and
Compressor power 24.12 [kW]
quality to the inlet of
the compressor also
Refrigerant mass flow 0.616 [kg/s]
decrease during the
Pressure at node 1 512 [kPa]
transient.
Pressure at node 2 1959 [kPa]
Temperature at node 2 84.4 [C]
TRANSIENT CASE
Figure 4 to Figure 7 show some results for the transient case. From
Figure 4 it can be seen that the mass flow increases during the
transient. This is due to the decrease in compressor discharge
pressure. Both compressor power and quality to the inlet of the
compressor also decrease during the transient.
0.650
0.645
0.640
Mass flow [kg/s]
0.635
0.630
0.625
0.620
0.615
0.610
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time [s]
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2000
1950
1850
simulate a vapour
1800
1750
compression
1700 refrigeration system
1650 using R22 as
1600 refrigerant. First a
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time [s]
steady-state simulation
was done and the
Figure 5: Compressor discharge pressure. results of this
24.5
simulation were used
24.0 as initial conditions for
23.5 a transient simulation.
Power [kW]
23.0
22.5
22.0
21.5
21.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time [s]
1.04
1.03
1.03
1.02
Quality []
1.02 Q
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.00
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time [s]
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CONCLUSION
Flownex was used to simulate a vapour compression refrigeration
system using R22 as refrigerant. First a steady-state simulation was
done and the results of this simulation were used as initial
conditions for a transient simulation.
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