3 4

2 1 3. The following diagram shows quadrilateral ABCD, with AD BC, AB and AC .

1 4
1. A line L passes through A(1, 1, 2) and is parallel to the line r = 1 s 3 .
5 2

(a) Write down a vector equation for L in the form r = a + tb .

(2)

The line L passes through point P when t = 2.

(b) Find
diagram not to scale
(i) OP ;
(a) Find BC .
(2)
(ii) OP .

Show that BD 22 .
(4)
(b)
(Total 6 marks)
(2)
2. The following diagram shows the obtuse-angled triangle ABC such that
3 2 (c) Show that vectors BD and CA are perpendicular.

AB 0 and AC 2 . (3)
4 6 (Total 7 marks)

diagram not to scale

(a) (i) Write down BA .

(ii) Find BC .
(3)

(b) (i) Find cos ABC .

(ii) Hence, find sin ABC .
(7)

4

The point D is such that CD 5 , where p > 0.
p

(c) (i) Given that CD 50 , show that p = 3.

(ii) Hence, show that CD is perpendicular to BC .

(6)
(Total 16 marks)

1 2
 3 2 6 2
5. Let AB 2 and AC 3 .
4. The line L1 is represented by the vector equation r = 1 p 1 . 3 2
25 8

(a) Find BC.
A second line L2 is parallel to L1 and passes through the point B(8, 5, 25). (2)

(a) Write down a vector equation for L2 in the form r = a + tb.

(b) Find a unit vector in the direction of AB .
(2) (3)

5 7
(c) Show that AB is perpendicular to AB .
A third line L3 is perpendicular to L1 and is represented by r = 0 q 2 . (3)
3 k (Total 8 marks)

6. The diagram shows quadrilateral ABCD with vertices A(1, 0), B(1, 5), C(5, 2) and D(4, 1).
(b) Show that k = 2.
(5)

The lines L1 and L3 intersect at the point A.

(c) Find the coordinates of A.

(6)

6

The lines L2 and L3 intersect at point C where BC 3 .
24

(d) (i) Find AB .

(ii) Hence, find | AC |.

(5)
(Total 18 marks)

diagram not to scale

(a) (i) Show that AC 42 .

(ii) Find BD .

(iii) Show that AC is perpendicular to BD .

(5)

The line (AC) has equation r = u + sv.

(b) (i) Write down vector u and vector v.

(ii) Find a vector equation for the line (BD).

(4)

The lines (AC) and (BD) intersect at the point P(3, k).

(c) Show that k = 1.

(3)

(d) Hence find the area of triangle ACD.

(5)
(Total 17 marks)
3 4
7. The vertices of the triangle PQR are defined by the position vectors 2 3

10. (a) Let u = 3 and w = 1 . Given that u is perpendicular to w, find the value of p.
4 3 6 1 p

OP 3 , OQ 1 and OR 1 .
1 2 5 (3)

1
(a) Find
(b) Let v = q . Given that v 42 , find the possible values of q.
5
(i) PQ ;
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
(ii) PR .
(3) 11. Consider the points A (1, 5, 4), B (3, 1, 2) and D (3, k, 2), with (AD) perpendicular to (AB).

1 (a) Find
(b) Show that cos RPQ .
2
(7) (i) AB ;

(c) (i) Find sin RPQ . (ii) AD , giving your answer in terms of k.
(3)
(ii) Hence, find the area of triangle PQR, giving your answer in the form a 3 .
(6) (b) Show that k = 7.
(Total 16 marks) (3)

8. Find the cosine of the angle between the two vectors 3i + 4j + 5k and 4i 5j 3k. 1
(Total 6 marks)
The point C is such that BC = AD.
2

8 (c) Find the position vector of C.

9. The line L1 is parallel to the z-axis. The point P has position vector 1 and lies on L1. (4)
0
(d) Find cosA BC .
(3)
(a) Write down the equation of L1 in the form r = a + tb. (Total 13 marks)
(2)
12. A particle is moving with a constant velocity along line L. Its initial position is A(6, 2, 10). After one
2 2 6 second the particle has moved to B(9, 6, 15).

The line L2 has equation r = 4 s 1 . The point A has position vector 2 .
1 5 9 (a) (i) Find the velocity vector, AB .

(ii) Find the speed of the particle.
(b) Show that A lies on L2. (4)
(4)
(b) Write down an equation of the line L.
Let B be the point of intersection of lines L1 and L2. (2)
(Total 6 marks)
9

(c) (i) Show that OB 1 .
14

(ii) Find AB .
(7)

(d) The point C is at (2, 1, 4). Let D be the point such that ABCD is a parallelogram.
Find OD .
(3)
(Total 16 marks)

5 6
 16. The points P(2, 4), Q (3, 1) and R (1, 6) are shown in the diagram below.
13. Consider the points A(5, 8), B(3, 5) and C(8, 6).

(a) Find

(i) AB ;

(ii) AC .
(3)

(b) (i) Find AB AC .

(a) Find the vector PQ .

(ii) Find the sine of the angle between AB and AC .
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
(b) Find a vector equation for the line through R parallel to the line (PQ).
(Total 6 marks)
9 2 1 6 17. The line L passes through the points A (3, 2, 1) and B (1, 5, 3).

14. Two lines L1 and L2 are given by r1 = 4 s 6 and r2 = 20 t 10 .
6 10 2 2 (a) Find the vector AB .

52 (b) Write down a vector equation of the line L in the form r = a + tb.
(a) Let be the acute angle between L1 and L2. Show that cos = . (Total 6 marks)
140
(5) 18. The line L passes through A (0, 3) and B (1, 0). The origin is at O. The point R (x, 3 3x) is on L, and
(OR) is perpendicular to L.
(b) (i) P is the point on L1 when s = 1. Find the position vector of P.

(ii) Show that P is also on L2. (a) Write down the vectors AB and OR .
(8)
(b) Use the scalar product to find the coordinates of R.
(Total 6 marks)
6

(c) A third line L3 has direction vector x . If L1 and L3 are parallel, find the value of x.
30

(3)
(Total 16 marks)

15. Consider the vectors u = 2i + 3 j k and v = 4i + j pk.

(a) Given that u is perpendicular to v find the value of p.

(b) Given that q u =14, find the value of q.

(Total 6 marks)

7 8
19. The diagram shows a cube, OABCDEFG where the length of each edge is 5cm. Express the following 22. A boat B moves with constant velocity along a straight line. Its velocity vector is given by
vectors in terms of i, j and k. 4
v = .
z 3

At time t = 0 it is at the point (2, 1).

D
(a) Find the magnitude of v.

E (b) Find the coordinates of B when t = 2.

G
(c) Write down a vector equation representing the position of B, giving your answer in the form r = a
y + tb.
F
C
Working:
k
j
O
i B

x Answers:

(a) OG ; (a) .....................................................

(b) .....................................................
(b) BD ;
(c) .....................................................
(Total 6 marks)
(c) EB .
(Total 6 marks) 23. Two lines L1 and L2 have these vector equations.
20. A triangle has its vertices at A(1, 3), B(3, 6) and C(4, 4).
L1 : r = 2i + 3j + t(i 3j)
L2 : r = i + 2j + s(i j)
(a) Show that AB AC 9
The angle between L1 and L2 is . Find the cosine of the angle .
(b) Show that, to three significant figures, cos BAC 0.569 .
(Total 6 marks) Working:

3 2
21. Find the cosine of the angle between the two vectors and .
4 1

Working:

Answer:

..
(Total 6 marks)

Answer:

..............

(Total 6 marks)

9 10
24. The vector equations of two lines are given below.
4 3
26. A vector equation for the line L is r = + t .
5 3 2 4
r1 = + , r2 = + t 4 1
1
2 2 1
Which of the following are also vector equations for the same line L?
The lines intersect at the point P. Find the position vector of P.
4 2
A. r = + t .
Working: 4 1

4 6
B. r = + t .
4 2

0 1
C. r = + t .
1 3

Answer: 7 3
D. r = + t .
.................................................................. 5 1
Working:
(Total 6 marks)

25. Consider the vectors c = 3i + 4j and d = 5i 12j.

Calculate the scalar product cd.

Working:

Answer:

..................................................................
..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

Answer:

..................................................................
(Total 2 marks)

11 12
 60 30 29. Calculate the acute angle between the lines with equations
27. (a) Find the scalar product of the vectors and .
25 40
4 4 2 1
r = + s and r = + t
(b) Two markers are at the points P (60, 25) and Q (30, 40). A surveyor stands at O (0, 0) and looks
1 3 4
1
at marker P. Find the angle she turns through to look at marker Q.
Working:
Working:

Answer:
Answers:
......................................................................
(a) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks) 30. Find the angle between the following vectors a and b, giving your answer to the nearest degree.

x 1 2 a = 4i 2j
28. A vector equation of a line is t , t . b = i 7j
y 2 3

Find the equation of this line in the form ax + by = c, where a, b, and c . Working:

Working:

Answer:

Answer: .......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)
......................................................................

(Total 6 marks)

13 14
31. The diagram below shows a line passing through the points (1, 3) and (6, 5). 2x x 1
32. The vectors and are perpendicular for two values of x.
y x 3 5

(a) Write down the quadratic equation which the two values of x must satisfy.
(6,5)
(b) Find the two values of x.

Working:
(1,3)

0 x

Find a vector equation for the line, giving your answer in the form Answers:

x a c (a) ..................................................................
y b t d , where t is any real number.
(b) ..................................................................

Working: (Total 4 marks)

1 6
33. Find the size of the angle between the two vectors and . Give your answer to the nearest
2 8
degree.

Working:

Answer:

.......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

Answer:

....................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

15 16
 2
34. A line passes through the point (4,1) and its direction is perpendicular to the vector . Find the 36. Find a vector equation of the line passing through (1, 4) and (3, 1). Give your answer in the form r = p
3 + td, where t .
equation of the line in the form ax + by = p, where a, b and p are integers to be determined.
Working:
Working:

Answer:
Answer:
......................................................................
....................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
(Total 4 marks)
37. The line L passes through the origin and is parallel to the vector 2i + 3j.
35. The vectors u, v are given by u = 3i + 5j, v = i 2j. Write down a vector equation for L.

Find scalars a, b such that a(u + v) = 8i + (b 2)j. Working:

Working:

Answer:

Answer: ......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)
......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

17 18
 39. ABCD is a rectangle and O is the midpoint of [AB].
38. The triangle ABC is defined by the following information
D C
2 3 0
OA = , AB = , AB BC = 0, AC is parallel to .
3 4 1

(a) On the grid below, draw an accurate diagram of triangle ABC.

y A O B

4 Express each of the following vectors in terms of OC and OD

3
(a) CD
2
(b) OA
1
(c) AD

O x Working:
? ? 1 2 3 4 5 6
?

?
Answers:

(b) Write down the vector OC . (a) ..................................................................

(b) ..................................................................
Working: (c) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

Answer:

(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

19 20

40. The vectors i , j are unit vectors along the x-axis and y-axis respectively.

The vectors u = i + 2 j and v = 3 i + 5 j are given.

(a) Find u + 2 v in terms of i and j .

A vector w has the same direction as u + 2 v , and has a magnitude of 26.

(b) Find w in terms of i and j .

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)
41. The quadrilateral OABC has vertices with coordinates O(0, 0), A(5, 1), B(10, 5) and C(2, 7).

(a) Find the vectors OB and AC .

(b) Find the angle between the diagonals of the quadrilateral OABC.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

21