Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Version 5.0
August 2005
M o v in g I P a t G ig a F o r c e S p e e d
This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. No part
of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information
storage retrieval system, or translated into another language, without prior written consent
of Alloptic.
Alloptic® makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not
limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
Alloptic shall not be liable for errors contained herein nor for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material. The
information and specifications contained herein may change without notice.
Trademarks
All brand names and product names used in this book are trademarks, registered
trademarks, or trade names of their respective holders.
Introduction
About This Manual
This book contains information necessary to plan and design a network using the Alloptic
system.
Audience
This guide is intended for network planners, system designers, and engineering
consultants associated with the planning and engineering of the Alloptic System.
Special Labels
The following special alerts are used to highlight hazardous conditions or emphasize
procedural information critical to a task.
NOTE: A special note that high lights information important to the successful
completion of a procedure.
BEST PRACTICE: A Best Practice note strongly encourages the user to follow
a given procedure to avoid service interruptions or damage to the product.
video
ONUs
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PO Ns .
1
.
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. Splitter .
.
. 32
voice
16
edgeG E A R
chassis
1 video
ONU
O ptical .
S plitter .
. data
.
32
ONU
data
video
ONUs
1
ONU data
.
.
.
PON 1 Optical .
. Splitter .
.
.
R
32
voice
Optical .
Splitter .
. data
.
32
ONU
data
Architectural Elements
The Alloptic Network consists of these basic elements:
• The central office edgeGEAR 2000 chassis manages the ONUs as well as aggregates
video, data, and telephony feeds from one or more network distribution points. The
edgeGEAR chassis provides Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and
Provisioning (OAM&P) functions and communicates with the ONUs.
• A smaller version of the edgeGEAR 2000, the Edge 200 manages the ONUs as well as
aggregates video, data, and telephony feeds from one or more network distribution
points. The edgeGEAR chassis provides Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and
Provisioning (OAM&P) functions and communicates with the ONUs from a central
office or a remote location.
• The Optical Network Unit (ONU):
• FTTB: Fiber to the Business (bizGEAR™ 200)
• FTTH: Fiber to the Home (home 4000)
• FTTmdu: Fiber to the Multi-Dwelling Unit (mduGEAR™ 224 and
aceGEAR)
• FTTCurb: Fiber to the Curb (Xgen 7000)
• tvGEAR™ Video Unit
• The fiber element consists of:
• A single strand of single mode fiber.
• Cascaded splitters (1 x N, 2 x N).
• The edge splitter (1 x N, 2 x N).
• Service Drop to the premise.
OLT
ONU
Transceiver Board
Transceiver Board
D --Tx1490 Splitter
D-Rx1490
D -Rx1310
-
WDM
D-Tx1310
WDM
System Applications
32 Homes
Point-to-Point Ethernet
• 2N fibers
Dual Fiber
• 2N Optical Transmitters
CO
Remote Node 64 Transmitters
32 Homes
Ethernet PON
• N+1 optical transmitters
• No electrical power in field
Single Fiber
• Minimum fibers/space in
CO
32 Upstream Transmitters
1 Common Downstream Transmitter
CO
home 4000
home 4000 is optimized for single-family or multi-tenant dwellings. One fiber termination
can feed up to four living units. It includes:
• four individually controlled 10/100BaseT Ethernet ports
• four POTS ports
• one Coax port (Coax cable to TV)
• optional RF Receiver or Transceiver
It is available with built in power and battery backup.
homeGEAR 4000
10/100 Ethernet VOICE
bizGEAR™ ULTRA
The bizGEAR™ ULTRA is designed to provide services to small and medium size
businesses as well as multi-tenant office-building environments. It can provide Ethernet
service and has the ability to separate traffic into multiple streams utilizing advanced
802.1Q VLAN Tagging and advanced Q in Q (double tagging). Telephony services can be
provided using T1/E1 applications or Voice over IP using isolated VLANS for high
security. The bizGEAR™ ONU is temperature hardened and is equally at home in a
telephone closet, distribution cabinet, or data center.
bizGEAR ULTRA
10/100 ETHERNET T1/E1
- + - +
IN 12 VDC 2A OUT 1 2 3 4 1 2
bizGEAR™ 200
This is the most powerful and versatile ONU Alloptic produces. The bizGEAR™ 200
comes standard with four 10/100 Base-T data interfaces and 2 T1/E1 ports. It also
provides 4 expansion slots for additional customer interface cards. It supports full
switching and bridging functionality, data rate shaping, VLAN tagging, Q in Q double
tagging, and Diffserv support.
The optional interfaces include a dual T1-E1 card, a Quad Fast Ethernet interface card,
and a Quad 100BaseFX (mm/sm) optical interface card.
S LOT 1 S LOT 3
T1/E1 SM FX001
AVOID EXPOSURE
LASER LIGHT IS EMITTED FROM
THIS APERTURE
PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Port 1 Port 2 PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4
S LOT 2 S LOT 4
10/100 Ethernet T1 /E1 1 0 /1 0 0 ETHER NET
PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
mduGEAR™ 224
The mduGEAR™ supports apartment complexes and campus environments. These units
are designed for telephone closet or rack mounting in non-environmentally controlled
locations. It provides 24 10/100 BaseT Ethernet ports, each with individually controlled
bandwidth shaping.
mduGEAR™ 224 supports 2 individually controlled T1/E1 interfaces, allowing telephony
services to be delivered to an apartment complex or campus. mduGEAR™ can deliver RF
video services with the addition of an optional tvGEAR video converter. Battery backed
power options allow lifeline services to be supported for the whole complex. It includes a
full-featured Ethernet switch and allows multiple ports to be “switched” providing a local
LAN service.
mduGEAR
10/100 ETHERNET
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
AVOID EXPOSURE
LASER LIGHT EMMITTED
POWER ALARM FROM THIS APERTURE
T1/E1 SEC
-48 +48
PRI
-48 +48 OUT IN
GND - + - +
XCVR
DIAGNOSTIC 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1 2
aceGEAR
Alloptic’s access concentrator (aceGEAR) is designed to bring data, video and voice
services to businesses, apartment complexes, malls and high rises. It’s designed for
telephone closet or rack mounting in non-environmentally controlled locations.
With up to 24 100BaseFX SPF optical interfaces and two optional T1/E1 ports, aceGEAR
provides high port density and low cost per drop. It includes a full-featured Ethernet
switch and allows multiple ports to be “switched”, providing local LAN service. Battery
backed power options allow lifeline services to be supported for the whole complex.
Delivers RF Video services by adding an optional tvGEAR Video converter.
R
LINK LINK
DIAGNOSTIC CONTROL ALARM POWER
OUTPUT INPUT SEC PRI
1 2 1 2 -48 RTN -48 RTN
LINK EAST
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2
Figure 8: aceGEAR
Xgen 7000
Alloptic’s temperature hardened eXtended Gigabit Ethernet Network-terminal (Xgen
7000) is a multiple-service, multiple-port ONU capable of delivering Long Range
Ethernet services over standard telephone lines. It provides 24 high-speed 10BaseS data
lines that, when combined with a 10BaseS modem, can be used to provide a subscriber
with Ethernet service up to 1km over existing Category 3 wiring at speeds from 2 to 15
Mbps symmetric or asymmetric. It provides 2 toll quality T1/E1 interfaces for TDM
services, and it supports a 10/100BaseT Ethernet port for ancillary data services.
This ONU is ideal for installation in residential home complexes where existing wiring
cannot be upgraded or for curb applications where installation of fiber all the way to a
residence is not practical. It’s designed for telephone closet, wall mount or rack mounting
in non-environmentally controlled locations.
PON A PON B
VIDEO OUT
T1/E1
LINK STATUS
ALARM POWER
1 5 9 13 17 21 10BaseS Ethernet 10/100 1 SEC PRI
ETHERNET OUTPUT INPUT
2 6 10 14 18 22 DIAG -48 RTN - 48 RTN
1 2 1 2
3 7 11 15 19 23
4 8 12 16 20 24 2
LINK A LINK B
1-24 COM 48 VDC 1.5A
25 1 2
edgeGEAR 2000
Network Considerations
The SCM module has 2 gigabit optical Ethernet ports (SPF, MM or SM) for data traffic.
TDM support:
• 4 DS3s providing channelization to the DS0.
• 112 T1s or 84 E1s.
• 2688 (T1) DS0s or 2520 (E1) DS0s.
• Support for GR303 gateway.
• Support for V5.x Gateway.
PON Considerations
• 8 OLT per chassis
• 16 PONs per chassis
• 32 ONUs per PON
• 4032 VLANs per chassis, 0 through 63 reserved.
Edge 200
Network Considerations
The Edge 200 has 2 GE optical (SPF, MM or SM) and 2 10/100BaseT Ethernet network
ports for data traffic.
TDM support:
• 4 T1/E1s providing channelization to the DS0.
• 96 (T1) DS0s or 120 (E1) DS0s.
• Support for TDM voice gateways.
PON Considerations
• 2 PONs per chassis
• 32 ONUs per PON
• 4032 VLANs per chassis, 0 through 63 reserved.
Operating Systems
GigaVu™
The GigaVu™ local manager is an application that runs on an embedded web server on
each edgeGEAR 2000 chassis. Using web-based point and click technology, the operator
can easily configure all aspects of the system. Additionally, it monitors the status of all
system components and regulates user privileges and security. It is SNMP compliant, and
a common workstation running Microsoft® Internet Explorer version 5.0, or higher, is all
that it requires.
GEMS™
GEMS™ (Gigabit Element Management System) uses the power of a relational database
management system to provide operators with centralized and continual access to multiple
systems. Numerous threshold-crossing values can be set within the system, which can be
used for maintenance and analytical functions. Furthermore, templates can be created that
replace frequently repeated tasks, such as service creation and applying common service
profiles.
Overview
This document details the methods and procedures used to perform a site survey in
advance of a field installation of Alloptic network equipment. A complete and
accurate site survey is essential to the installation effort.
This site survey is intended to identify ALL of the items needed for a successful
installation and integration of the Alloptic chassis, the related Optical Network Units
(ONUs), as well as the management software. It can be used in either field trial or
deployment situations.
General Information
Prepared For:
Address: _______________________________________
Prepared By:
Name: _________________________________________
Title: __________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________
Telephone: _____________________________________
Fax: __________________________________________
Email: _________________________________________
Survey Dates:
Customer Contacts:
Operations Contacts:
Name: ________________________________________
Title: _________________________________________
Address: ______________________________________
Telephone: ____________________________________
Fax: _________________________________________
Email: ________________________________________
Technical Contact:
Name: ________________________________________
Title: _________________________________________
Telephone: ____________________________________
Fax: _________________________________________
Pager or Cell: __________________________________
Email: ________________________________________
Outside Plant
Connectivity between the Alloptic® chassis and ONUs is made across fiber that the
customer has installed and tested. To this end, the customer is asked to provide test
results confirming that the cable was functioning correctly when it was installed, and
that it meets or exceeds industry specifications for all normal transmission
characteristics such as attenuation and band pass.
Yes it is installed
No
Does this test indicate that -23dBm can be delivered to each ONU when
the launch is at zero dBm?
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Services Worksheet
Generally, FTTH and FTTB facilities are placed in a room dedicated to telephone and
CATV distribution. The chart below describes the facility intended for use in the
installation of the ONUs. Use a different sheet for each PON.
Physical Space
Is this a secure location?
Yes
No
What Rack(s) location will be reserved? Racks may be either 19” or 23”.
(describe by row, aisle and rack number).
Rack 1: ________________________________________
Rack 2, etc: _____________________________________
Rack 1: _________________________________________
Rack 2, etc: ______________________________________
Power
Is 110 or 220 VAC available for test and ancillary equipment?
110 VAC
220 VAC
Yes
No
TDM services
Is BITS composite clock available?
Yes
No
Yes
No
_________________________________________________
Yes
No
Protocol: _______________________
Speed: _________________________
Connector: ______________________
What is the average encoded output bit rate for analog to base-band
encoding? __________________________________
What is the average output bit rate for Digital Turn Around (DTA)? ________
What is the highest output rate for Video on Demand (VOD) services?
_____________________________
The management port on the Alloptic® chassis has a web-based interface (GigaVu™).
The IP Address of this port can be changed so that the chassis may be managed locally
or remotely over the Internet. Many customers find it useful to allow the Alloptic TAC
to have access to the chassis.
Yes
No
Network Management
As previously described, Alloptic® has developed both a local manager (GigaVu) and
an enterprise management system (GEMS). These systems provide the customer with
a means of configuring the Alloptic devices as well as monitoring performance
metrics.
GEMS can be integrated into an Enterprise Management System, such as HP’s
OpenView or MicroMuse’s NetCool. Alloptic will provide a complete MIB set for the
customer’s use in scripting various management tasks.
Yes
No
Acceptance Testing
Alloptic® maintains a rigorous standard testing methodology that validates that the
proposed system(s) are performing properly. A component of this site survey is to
review the test plan for completeness and applicability with the customer. The
customer is expected to review this plan and make modifications before the trial or
installation begins. The customer is expected to provide any specialized test
equipment, and an experienced operator, to perform these tests.
Comments
Please provide any information that you feel could affect the outcome of this installation:
__________________________________________________________________
This section covers the basic methods of powering the edgeGEAR 2000 chassis, the Edge
200 chassis, the bizGEAR 200, bizGEAR Ultra, home 4000, mduGEAR™ 224, aceGEAR
and Xgen 7000 ONUs.
The edgeGEAR 2000 chassis supports a standard voltage range of -40 to -65 VDC. It
accepts power from -48 VDC central office/head end battery that is equipped with dual (A
and B) battery feed input connections (see the figure below). Each battery feed should be
individually fused with a fast-blow 15A fuse.
A fuse and alarm panel is recommended for fusing and distributing DC to the edgeGEAR
2000 chassis. If a redundant power feed is available, connect it to the B side. The
edgeGEAR 2000 chassis power supply has a diode-combining input that will operate off
either power feeds. No special jumpers are required if only one power feed is employed.
LIGHT AUDIBLE
CRT MJR MNR CRTMJR MNR
A B
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
Rear Chassis View
-48Vdc -48Vdc
10 A 10 A
RTN A RTN B
-48 A CHASSIS A -48 B CHASSIS B
Edge 200
The Edge 200 chassis is rated at 50 Watts Max Consumption. It requires a 5 Amp circuit.
Base all power planning on a full configuration. This assures adequate power for future
growth and expansion.
The Edge 200 chassis supports a standard voltage range of -40 to -65 VDC. It accepts
power from dual -48 VDC power feeds. A fuse and alarm panel is recommended for
fusing and distributing DC to the Edge 200 chassis. No special jumpers are required if
only one power feed is employed.
T1/E 1
1 2 3 4
B ITS
10 10 MA MIN
/10 /10 1 G 1 G J A LA RM P OW E R
01 02 E1 E2 OR O R
P ON 1 V IDEO 1 P ON 2 V ID E O 2
OUTPUT INPUT SE C PRI
1 2 1 2 -4 8 RT N -4 8 RT N
IN P UT IN P UT
LINK LINK
10/100 10/100 1GE 1GE D IA G MGMT C OM 48 V DC 1.5A
1 2 1 2
5 4 3 2 1
Phoenix MSTB 5 Connector
G ro u n d in g G ro u n d in g
L ug s R e a r c h a s s is vie w Lugs
w ith w irin g a tta c h e d
D LP 8 0 03
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
Figure 12: Chassis Grounding
Edge 200
One grounding point is provided on the Edge 200 front panel. The Edge 200 chassis
should be tied to the office ground separately from the -48V return. Make this ground
common with the office ground. Do not depend entirely on a mechanical connection
to the equipment rack.
T1/E1
1 2 3 4
BITS
10 10/1 MA M
/10 0 1G 1G JO INO ALARM POWER
01 02 E1 E2 R R PON 1 VIDEO 1 PON 2 VIDEO 2
OUTPUT INPUT SEC PRI
1 2 1 2 -48 RTN -48 RTN
INPUT INPUT
LINK LINK
10/100 10/100 1GE 1GE DIAG MGMT COM 48 VDC 1.5A
1 2 1 2
Building Ground
Each ONU must be provided with an earth ground for safety and equipment protection
(25 ohms or less). Usually a good local ground rod connection is sufficient. Do not use
power company neutral for a ground.
Input Output
The central office chassis requires only one fiber and one OLT module to fully
communicate with all of the ONUs on a PON.
However, Alloptic recommends that a second fiber be used, and that the central
office chassis be equipped with redundant OLT modules for high-end business
customers who require ultra-high stability of service.
Chassis Tx 3 dB ONU Tx 0 dB
ONU Rx 24 dB Chassis Rx 27 dB
Margin -2 dB Margin -2 dB
Budget 25 dB Budget 25 dB
The ONU Loss Budget is the Sum of the Launch Power + the Receive Sensitivity.
CONVENTIONAL
Feeder Fiber TELEVISION
RG6
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis COAX
Video RF
Output
Optical PON 1490nm
Downstream
1310nm Upstream
Third Lamda
Downstream
1550nm
1 Drop Fiber
x
32
PON Splitter
WDM Input homeGEAR
ONU
Analog to
Optical
Satellite Transmitter
dish or EDFA
Content (1550nm)
Source
CONVENTIONAL
TELEVISION
RG6
COAX
Feeder Fiber Video RF
Output
2.5 Km
WDM Input
Loss Assumptions
The following are typical loss assumptions. Your results may vary depending upon the
optical loss.
Table 2: WDM Video - ONU distribution loss assumptions
Device Loss
Connectors 0.2 dB (ea.)
Fiber loss @1490/1550 nm per km 0.25 dB
Fiber loss @1310 nm per km 0.35 dB
1 x 32 splitter loss/leg 17.5 dB
Margin 1.000
Analog to
Optical
Satellite Transmitter EDFA
dish or
(1550nm)
Content
Source
Feeder
Fiber
Optical PON
1490nm
edgeGEAR 2000 Chassis Downstream
1310nm Upstream
1 PORT 1 2
SLOT1
3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2
SLOT 3
3 4 5 6
x
SLOT 2 S LOT4
T1 /E1 10/100ETHERNET
32 Drop 1 2 1 2 3 4
PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
CONVENTIONAL
TELEVISION
Feeder
1
Fiber
x 34PT
PON Distribution
In a simple PON distribution model, the splitter is normally located near the ONU
installation areas.
SLOT 1 SLOT 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
SLOT 2 SLOT 4
1 2
10/100 ETHERNET
1 2 3 4
XCVR1
XCVR2 X CV R1 POW ER ONU 1
DIAGNOSTIC A LAR M POW ER
Splitter
SLOT 1 SLO T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
SLO T 2 SLOT 4
T1/E1 10/100 ETHERNET
The loss assumptions are shown in Table 6; the total loss budget is shown in Table 7.
Table 6: Simple PON Distribution Loss Assumptions
Device Loss
Margin 1.00
1
T 1/E1
2
S LO T 1
1
3 4
SL O T 2
5
10/100 ET HE RNET
2
6 PO RT 1 2
3 4
XCVR1
S LO T 3
3 4 5 6
X C V R 2 X C V R 1 P OWE R
ONU 1
P ON MA C 00 :0 3:d 0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
S LO T 1 S LO T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
1x4
S LO T 2
T 1/E 1
ONU 2
10/100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C VR 2 X C V R 1 P OWE R
PON MA C 0 0:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
Splitter P O RT 1 2
S LO T 1
3 4
SL O T 2
5 6 PO RT 1 2
S LO T 3
3 4 5 6
Drop Fiber
T 1/E1 10/100 ET HE RNET
D S1
1 2
10/100 ETH ERN ET
1 2 3 4
DI AG NO ST IC ALAR M POW ER
1 2 1 2 3 4
X CV R1
X C V R 2 X C VR 1 P OW ER
P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 4
SL O T 2
T 1/E1 10/100 ET HE RNET
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C V R 2 X C VR 1 P OW ER
3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2
SL O T 3
3 4 5 6
Splitter
S LO T 2
ONU 5
T1/E 1 10/100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 XC V R 2 X C V R 1 P OW E R
SL O T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 6
S LO T 2
T1/E 1 10/100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C VR 2 X CV R 1 P OW ER
D S1 10/100 ETH ER N ET X CV R1
DI AG NO ST IC AL ARM POW ER
P ON MA C 00:03:d0:20 :00 :a 4
1 2 1 2 3 4
P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 1
S LO T 2
10/100 E THERNE T
2 3 4
XCVR1
XC V R 2 X C V R 1 P OW E R ONU 7
R
R
Feeder 1 2 1 2 3 4 P ON MA C 00 :0 3:d 0:2 0:00:a4
1 2
T1/E 1
3 4
Fiber
B ITS
10 10/ MA MIN
/10 10 1G 1G JO A LA RM P OW E R
0 1 0 2 E1 E 2 R OR P ON 1 V IDE O 1 P ON 2 V IDE O 2
OUTPUT INPUT SE C PRI
1 2 1 2 -4 8 RT N -4 8 RT N
INP UT INP U T
LINK LINK
10/100
1
10/100
2
1GE
1
1G E
2
D IA G MGMT COM 48 V DC 1.5A
1x2
Splitter
SL O T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 8
S LO T 2
T1/E 1 10/100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 X CV R 2 X C V R 1 P OWE R
SL O T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 9
S LO T 2
< Upstream
T1/E 1 10/100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 X CV R 2 X C V R 1 P OWE R
1
T1/ E1
2
SL O T 1
3 4
SL O T 2
5 6 P O RT 1 2
10/100 ET HE RNET
1 2 3 4
XCVR1
S LO T 3
3 4 5 6
X C V R 2 X C V R1 POW E R
ONU 10
DIAG NO S TIC ALAR M POW ER
S LO T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
S LO T 2
ONU 11
T1/E 1 10/100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 XC V R 2 XC V R 1 P OWE R
P ON MA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
SL O T 1 SL O T 3
PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 PO RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
1x4
S LO T 2
ONU 12
T1/ E1 10/ 100 E THERNE T
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C V R2 XC V R 1 P OWE R
D S1 10/100 ET HER N ET X CV R1
DIAG NO ST IC ALAR M POW ER
P ON MA C 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4
1
T 1/E1
2 1
S LO T 1
3 4
SL O T 2
2
5
10/100 ET HE RNET
6 P O RT 1 2
3 4
XCVR1
S LO T 3
3 4 5 6
X C V R 2 X C V R 1 P OW E R
ONU 13
1 2 1 2 3 4 P ON MA C 00 :0 3:d 0:2 0:00:a4
S LO T 1 S LO T 3
P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O RT 1 2 3 4 5 6
ONU 14
SL O T 2
T 1/E1 10/100 ET HE RNET
1 2 1 2 3 4 X C V R 2 X C V R 1 P OW E R
Making the loss assumptions in Table 8, the total loss budget is shown in Table 9.
Table 8: Cascaded PON Distribution Loss Assumptions
Device Loss
Splitter 1 x 2 1 3.50
Splitter 1 x 4 2 15.00
Margin 1.00
SLOT 2 SLOT 2
1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 X CVR1 P OWER 1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 X CVR1 P OWER 1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 XCVR1 POWER 1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR 2 XCVR 1 POWE R
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4 1 2 1 2 3 4 P ONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4 1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
20% Power
1x2
T1/E1 10/100 ETHERNET
Making the loss assumptions in Table 10, the total loss budget is shown in Table 11.
Table 10: Branching PON Distribution Loss Assumptions
Device Loss
Splitter 1 x 2 4 14.0
Margin 1.00
Both Chassis
Each PON can support up 32 ONUs, which come in several configurations and provide
interfaces for Ethernet, POTS, E1/T1 and RF/CATV. When planning a service area and
allocating bandwidth, the following factors must be considered.
• Number of ONUs on the PON
• Services assigned to each ONU
• Operational Overhead (OA&M)
• Auto ranging
bizGEAR 200
When a new bizGEAR 200 is added, 28.8 Mbs upstream and 1.024 Mbs downstream is
removed from the system’s overall available bandwidth. When a VLAN Service is
created, no bandwidth is taken away from the PON until it exceeds the 15 Mb data rate.
No bandwidth is required to manage the cards themselves.
Other GEAR
The home 4000, mduGEAR, aceGEAR, Xgen 7000 and bizGEAR Ultra only reserve
enough bandwidth to mange themselves. These ONU do not reserve any excess bandwidth
to use when creating VLAN Services.
VLAN Services
VLAN services refer to ONU users configured for Ethernet ports on an ONU.
• Every ONU user configured must have a VLAN ID hence “VLAN Services”.
VLAN services can drive many different applications, such as IP Video, VoIP, etc. When
configuring a VLAN rate or bandwidth, the system will add additional bandwidth to the
configured rate for management purposes.
• The amount added is based on the following formula: Rate + 5% = Total.
(rounded to the nearest 64kbs).
• This is the amount that will be taken from the PON bandwidth table. It will not
be visible at the ONU level, i.e., the maximum bandwidth setting of
100.032Mbs + 5% = 105.024Mbs.
* Indicates the bandwidth plus 5% for management and was added for clarification. The
additional 5% bandwidth increase is not shown at the ONU level.
* Indicates the bandwidth plus 5% for management and was added for clarification. The
additional 5% bandwidth increase is not shown at the ONU level.
* In order to show the full TDM bandwidth being deducted, a user was created to exceed the 16
Mbs reserved at the ONU. This table shows only 3 DS0s.
* In order to show the full POTS bandwidth being deducted, a user was created to exceed the
16 Mbs reserved at the ONU.
ONU # 1 DS1 2 6 Mb 6 Mb
bizGEAR 200 POTS
ONU # 2 DS1
home 4000 POTS 4 0.52 0.52
ONU # 3 DS1 2 6 6
mduGEAR™ 224 POTS
Ethernet 1 4 4
ONU # 4 DS1
homeGEAR Ultra POTS 4 0.52 0.52
Ethernet 4 4 4
ONU # 5 DS1 2 6 6
bizGEAR Ultra POTS 4 0.52 0.52
Overview
The first step in planning the Service Area is to associate service requirements with
equipment. The guidelines and worksheets in this chapter will assist you in determining
the type and number of Edge 200 chassis, edgeGEAR 2000 chassis and cards (DS3M and
OLT), and ONUs you need for economic deployment in the access network.
OLT Modules
The edgeGEAR 2000 platform can handle up to 8 OLT modules. Each OLT module
supports 2 PONs. The OLT PON ports are driven by a 1 Gigabit single mode Passive
Optical Network Transceiver or PONTER. Each PON supports up to 32 ONUs.
DS3M Modules
Alloptic provides 4 standard channelized DS3 interfaces (BNC/Coax) to the core network
for all TDM based services, including POTS and T1/E1. This standard interface may be
connected or adapted to allow connections to the PSTN. The DS3 cards provide full
DACS and MUX from 3.1.0.
• If TDM is supported on the chassis:
• Total DS1 traffic per chassis going to DS3 ports is limited to 112 networked
T1s or 84 networked E1s.
• External GR303 gateway POTS circuits are limited to 672 per DS3 port on
the DS3M module, for a total of 2,688 voice (POTS) circuits.
• External V5.x Gateway POTS circuits are limited to 630 per DS3 port, for a
total of 2520 voice circuits per chassis.
No ____________
SCM Redundancy
Module Totals
PON Ports
The Edge 200 platform can have two PON ports. A one Gigabit single mode passive
optical network transceiver or PONTER drives each PON.
T1/E1 Ports
Alloptic provides four channelized T1/E1 interfaces (RJ48) to the core network for all
TDM based services, including POTS. The T1/E1 ports provide full DACS and MUX
capabilities. You may connect or adapt these interfaces to allow connection to the PSTN.
Module Totals
Module Totals
Timing Sources
Three possible methods are available to provide timing on the chassis (see Figure 20).
• Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) clocking is preferred.
• DS3 (2000) or Quad T1(200) timing is the next most desirable.
• The internal, free-running clock as the least desirable. The synchronization source that
is utilized is dependent on the type of service and availability of various timing
sources at the installation location.
Table 31: Timing Sources
Timing Source Description
Framed BITS Timing A T1/E1 Framed signal can be utilized as a timing source. A primary
and secondary supply may be utilized and designated in the Timing
Source provisioning screen.
DS3M (Derived) This selection recovers clock from a DS3 framer and is provided to the
SCM as reference clocking.
At least one T1/E1 must have the “Clock Enabled” option set to “Yes” in
the DS3/T1 (Network) interface provisioning page.
Quad T1 This selection recovers clock from a DS1 framer and is provided to the
10/100BaseT as reference clocking.
At least one T1/E1 must have the “Clock Enabled” option set to “Yes”.
Free Running Internal A free running Stratum 3 on each 10/100BaseT port is utilized as the
reference clock to provide Chassis timing.
VLAN Tagging
The Alloptic platform uses VLAN tagging to route all traffic in the network. The
network GbE port acts a trunk forwarding all egress traffic with tags intact. All ingress
traffic must have a valid VLAN tag or the network port will drop the packet or frame.
An L2 or L3 device is required to handle tagging requirements prior to the traffic
being routed to the next segment or WAN.
Typical equipment is an IEEE 802.1Q capable router connecting the Chassis to the
WAN (Figure 22). A layer 2 switch placed between the Chassis and the router is also
quite common (Figure 23).
Alloptic
Chassis Gig E
PON
(trunk)
Router w/
ONU 802.1Q
capability
PVID 100
WAN
IP:192.168.0.2 IP Subnet/VLAN
Subnet Mask:255.255.255.240 IP:192.168.0.2-6
Gateway: 192.168.0.1 Subnet Mask:255.255.255.240
Gateway:192.168.0.1 = VLAN 100
etc..
Alloptic
Chassis Gig E
PON
(trunk)
WAN
Switch w/
ONU 802.1Q
capability
MAC Table
00:00:00:00:00:00 = VLAN 100
00:00:00:00:00:01 = VLAN 101
00:00:00:00:00:02 = VLAN 102
00:00:00:00:00:03 = VLAN 103 Router
00:00:00:00:00:04 = VLAN 104
etc..
PVID 100
International Applications
In international applications, the MDU/MTU will have a large role. The higher density of
users amounts to 80-90% of all ONUs attached to the PON. This allows many more users
service, and with VOIP telephony more common the TDM POTS limit does not apply.
The limiting factor is 4000 data VLANs, and the guaranteed bandwidth assigned per
customer.
Two modifications apply. The E1 circuits do not take more guaranteed bandwidth than the
T1 circuits, but the edgeGEAR 2000 DS3M ports are limited to a total of 21 E1 per DS3,
or 84 E1s per chassis. TDM POTS is thus limited to 2520 POTS lines assigned.
mduGEAR mduGEAR
Fiber
Fiber
mduGEAR mdu
spitter
24 Port Copper spitter
Figure 24: High Rises with mduGEAR™
POTS
Voice Services Overview
The Alloptic network supports traditional Time Division Multiplex (TDM) telephony
services along with newly designed IP based telephony capabilities. This allows the
network operator to offer virtually all telephony services available. Subscribers gain
flexibility and benefit from the fiber network, while the network provider gains the ability
to optimize the network to services that are offered in a specific area. Alloptic supports
telephony services using a combination of Hardware and Software at both the head-end
and at the subscriber premises.
PBX
OAM&P overhead
T1 interfaces
TDM Fixed Allocation
BizGEAR
Ethernet Data
OLT
MDU GEAR
DS3
POTS Lines
Interfaces
DS3M card Channel Bank Channel Bank
T1
GR303 POTS Lines Special services
Concentrator
Telephone Telephone
TDM
TDM Overview
The Alloptic network supports toll grade and TDM services over Gigabit Ethernet,
utilizing an Alloptic patented timing distribution and channel allocation mechanism. This
guarantees constant voice sampling, encoding, and transmission of DS0, DS1, and DS3
payloads. In addition the system can be configured to provide E1 payloads.
Subscriber Interface
The Alloptic Optical Network Unit (ONU) may be configured with or without the TDM
capability. The additional cost of the industry standard interface circuitry may be avoided
when TDM services are not required at a specific location. Including or excluding the
TDM circuitry has no impact on the Ethernet or video capabilities of the ONU.
Headend Chassis
Alloptic supports point-to-point private network T1 services between subscriber ONUs.
On the edgeGEAR 2000, Alloptic also supports point-to-point private network T1 services
to a specific T1 embedded in a DS3 interface in a chassis. These private TDM services are
provisioned for Clear Channel operation and cannot be groomed at the DS0 level.
ID"e" DS1
1 DS1-28 PON1-1
ONU
ONU
ONU
PrivateT1/E1services are
point to point from ONU to
ONU. Payload grooming is
NOT provided
ONU
ONU
ONU
DS 1
DS1 O LT
#8
#28
Each D S3 supports
G R 303
T1 trunks to PS TN switch
672 D S0s 28 D S 1 lines
DS1 O ne concentrator can
#1
support m ultiple
Dynam ic F ixed
Alloptic C hassis SCM
D S 0 tim eslot T im e slot
assignm ents assignm ents
DS 1
#8
DS 1
T ypically, a single D S 3M
#1
chassis has a single D S3
DS 1
#2
connecting to a G R 303
C reated when a CR V to concentrator
subscriber D S 0 database
is first added (2048 m ax) S witching DS 3
#4
to the system M atrix BNC
DS1
#28
E1 M OLT
#8
1
V5.2
E1 trunks to PSTN switch E1 3
E1 interfaces
#1 M
U SCM
Dynamic Fixed
E0 timeslot Time slot X
assignments assignments
E1
#8
E1 DS3M
#21
DS3
interfaces
Created when a CRV to from Alloptic
subscriber DS0 database
is first added (2048 max) Switching
to the system Matrix BNC
Chapter 10 QOS
VLAN Prioritization
Alloptic uses two methods of prioritization. The first is prioritization between VLANs,
wherein different VLANs can have differing priorities, and the system reacts accordingly.
This feature is known as “Priority Between Users”. Alternatively, prioritization may be
invoked between client applications within the same VLAN. This is known as “Priority
Within Users”. The operator has the ability to select one of these features as each ONU is
added to the network or change the setting later if the SLA is changed.
VLAN Trunking
VLAN trunking (or 802.1Q Trunking) is the ability to trunk VLAN tagged packets at an
ONU’s Fast Ethernet ports. In a switched Ethernet network, some LAN segments carry
VLAN tagged packets while others don’t. Typically trunk ports and some server ports may
be configured for tagged traffic. Ports that are connected to standard end-stations, such as
PCs and workstations, do not carry tagged traffic. In a typical implementation, tagged and
untagged traffic are not mixed on the same LAN segment.
In the normal mode of operation, a single subscriber VLAN is terminated at an ONU’s
Fast Ethernet port. The VLAN trunking option not only allows VLAN tagged packets to
traverse an ONU’s Fast Ethernet port, it allows more than one VLAN to be assigned to
that port.
VLAN Security
VLANs are used to distinguish subscriber traffic from each other. VLANs 0 to 63 are
reserved for internal use and cannot be assigned to external equipment. If a piece of user
equipment connected to an ONU port sends incorrectly tagged packets into the ONU, the
packets are dropped.
VLAN Requirements
The Alloptic platform requires every data user to be assigned a unique VLAN ID (VID).
The ID is created during the User Configuration process. The system requires the use of
VLANs 0-63 for internal functions. The first available VID begins at 64 and continues
through 4,093. The System will allow you to create your own VID scheme, or if no VID is
entered, it will assign the next available one.
All data is routed internally using VLAN IDs. The GIG Ethernet network port acts as a
trunk port. It passes all tagged traffic to the next network segment and requires that all
inbound traffic have a valid VLAN ID. If no valid VID is assigned on incoming traffic, the
network port will discard the frame.
Spanning Tree
One approach often utilized in network design is Spanning Tree Protocol.
Spanning Tree Protocol is often used to guard against loops in Layer 2 inter-network
bridges. However, Spanning Tree Protocol prevents the incremental addition of
bandwidth. Spanning Tree only permits a single physical link to be active between any
two stations; it automatically puts any additional link(s) into blocking mode.
Link Aggregation
Link Aggregation provides a standards-based mechanism, 802.1ad, to combine multiple
physical network links into a single logical link for increased reliability and throughput.
Link Aggregation increases the availability as well as flexibility of the communications
channel between the chassis and the backbone Internet infrastructure using existing
Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
Additionally, Link Aggregation provides a valuable load balancing function where
processing and communications activity is distributed across several links in a trunk group
so that no single link is overwhelmed at a given point in time. Each vendor has latitude
within the Link Aggregation standards to reasonably implement its own specific variant of
load balancing. The inter-working of multi-vendor product lines may often necessitate
additional planning, as traffic-management interactions are made known.
Through aggregating multiple Ethernet connections into a unified, aggregated link, the
following practical benefits can be gained in many applications:
• Higher Link Availability
• Increased Trunk Group Capacity
• Lowers the risk of duplication or frames arriving at destination out of sequence
N e tw o rk
In te rfa c e
P o rt 1 P o rt 2
T R T R
N e tw o rk
In te rfa ce
G ig a b it
E th e rn e t
P o rts
(1 0 0 0 L X )
L in k A g g re g a tio n G ro u p E d g e A g g re g a tio n
D e vice
Figure 31: SCM Link Aggregation
ESAF
Built on top of Designated Services, ESAF (Ethernet Service Application Facility) is a set
of features that make it easy to implement DHCP data services through Alloptic’s system,
capturing DHCP requests and intelligent ARP forwarding.
ESAF was designed to allow the Alloptic system to be configured for bulk data service
transport without using VLANs for each specific user. Untagged packets are received on
the network or PON port and are given a VLAN tag for internal routing purposes. They
are transported using MAC forwarding, and the packet tag is stripped before being routed
out of the destination port. Layering ESAF on Designated Services, creates a secure and
efficient network. Upstream packets are not usually broadcast to any other ONUs, only to
the upstream facilities. This feature works in conjunction with DHCP to insure proper
packet routing setup through the system. In addition, the ESAF facility utilizes the
Designated Service facilities; this allows total bandwidth to be managed for the whole
system. The standard VLAN per user capabilities are still supported.
Company/ home a
Company b
IP Video Services
The Alloptic chassis uses IP multicast techniques to distribute video content over the
Alloptic network. Each ONU is capable of delivering video services to the Ethernet port.
The Alloptic IP delivery video system provides customers with broadcast and Video-on-
Demand (VOD) channels.
The edgeGEAR™ 2000 chassis uses IGMP Snooping and Proxy techniques between the
switch/router and chassis network port, and the ONU and Set-Top Box. The network port
routes the IP Multicasts it receives to their respective ONUs over the associated PONs and
then routes the join/leave requests back to the Switch/Router. Figure 33 shows an IP Video
distribution network.
ISP
Broadcast
Video Content
GigaVu
Internet
homeGEAR
4000
10/100 BT
GigE
Set-top Box
PON
Switch/Router Switch/Router
IP Video Encoder
edgeGEAR
2000
Set-top Box
TV
VLANs
IGMP
IP Multicast Routing:
Multicast Groups = Channels
Video On Demand
Video On Demand, VOD, is the technology that allows you to choose a stored video from
a menu on your television and watch it. VOD also lets you control the video, e.g. Fast-
forward, Rewind and Pause. It is classified under IP video because the video is still
transported via TCP/IP and is part of the overall broadcast IP video solution. It differs
from broadcast IP video in that broadcast IP video is normally distributed via multicast,
and VOD is unicast. This means that a VOD stream is sent directly to the Set Top Box
(STB) that requests it. In planning a total IP video solution, you will also have to take this
into account.
VoIP Services
Alloptic networks consist of very high speed Ethernet PONS with intelligent ONUs
providing differentiated services to subscribers. This technology allows us to offer a
nearly unlimited set of Ethernet based services, as well as TDM telephony and RF based
Video distribution.
Voice over IP (VoIP) provides high quality telephone services using the basic Ethernet
network mechanism, rather than the more traditional TDM designs. Alloptic networks are
compatible with VoIP technologies and can offer both traditional TDM and VoIP services
on the same network simultaneously. This gives network owners complete flexibility
when selecting which providers to carry to their subscribers.
VoIP services are carried across the Alloptic network using standard data handling
mechanisms. VoIP calls are processed within a VoIP Gateway device, which manages call
setup, tear down, packet addressing, and special services (call waiting, etc.). The Gateway
communicates across the Ethernet network to an intelligent media converter located on the
subscriber premise using MGCP (media gateway control protocol). This protocol carries
state information such as off hook, flash, ringing, etc. between the gateway and subscriber
equipment in specific data packets. The Alloptic network does not intercept or modify the
control of voice packets in any way and thus behaves simply as a packet transport
network.
VoIP services do
IP Telephone
NOT impact OAMP
VoIP services use or TDM services
the VLAN
mechanism and OAM&P overhead Ethernet
draws from the TDM Fixed Allocation interfaces
general bandwidth
pool on the GbEPON bizGEAR
Ethernet Data
Media Telephone
converter
with
OLT/PON MGCP
mduGEAR
Telephone
24x
Ethernet ports
Connect Standard
Converter Telephone
computer POTS
with
Lines
DS3M/DS1 MGCP
Telephone
VoIP Methodology
The most common method for provisioning VoIP is layer 3 terminating at the ONU, with
VoIP protocols, static IP Addresses, etc. This method is expensive and limits movement to
new homes and businesses due to the ONU hardware associated to the IP Addresses.
DS3/DS1 to the softswitch, however, allows us to prioritize VoIP, support VoIP test
procedures the same as TDM test procedures (i.e. loopback to the DS3/DS1, Dial Tone,
etc.) and enable the softswitch to manage the IP Addresses. We can also migrate TDM
Voice ports to VoIP through software provisioning.
POTS/VOIP
ONU
Data POTS
VoIP Phone
IAD
PC
POTS/VOIP
ONU
Data POTS
VoIP Phone
IAD
PC
VoIP Standards
Table 34: Guiding Standards for VoIP
Protocol Name Spec Type
H.323 Packet-Based Multimedia Communications Systems ITU standard
Call Signaling protocol and media stream packetization for
H.225 ITU standard
packet-based multimedia communications systems
H.245 Control Protocol for multimedia communications ITU standard
H.248 Gateway control protocol ITU standard
H.261 Video codec for audiovisual services at p x 64 kbps ITU standard
H.263 Video coding for low bit rate communication ITU standard
MGCP/SGCP Media gateway control protocol IETF - RFC 2705
Megaco Media Gateway Control IETF - RFC 3015
SDP Session Description Protocol IETF - RFC 2327
SIP Session Initiation Protocol IETF - RFC 2543
RTP Real Time Protocol IETF - RFC 1889
RTCP Real Time Control Protocol IETF - RFC 1889
RSTP Real Time Streaming Protocol IETF - RFC 2326
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol IETF - RFC 2205
RF Video Services
The following application describes a method for distributing RF broadcast video in the
Alloptic PON service area.
The Edge 200 may be equipped with two optional video ports. The OLT module in the
edgeGEAR™ 2000 chassis may be equipped with two optional WDM (Wavelength
Division Multiplexing) ports. These ports are used to transport RF Video on the PON. The
WDM signal rides the chassis PON with the downstream traffic. An ONU must be
equipped with a WDM port and a Video-Demodulator to deliver the RF signal to customer
equipment. No special provisioning of the ONU is required.
A transmitter and EDFA amplifier are required at the chassis for each PON serving area.
At the home, the receiver can be either a stand-alone device or used in conjunction with an
ONU. RF video service can be remotely powered off/on by commands sent to the ONU,
ensuring payment for service without truck rolls.
The signal is transported over the same fiber PON as the data and TDM traffic using a 3rd
lambda. The signal is converted back to RF using an Alloptic Optical Receiver at the
premise where it connects to the house wiring. The Optical Receiver can support a
frequency range of 50 to 870 Mhz. The Optical carrier can be in the range of 1525 to
1565nm.
Broadband Antenna
Satalite Dish
950-2150 Mhz
LNB Power
Supply / Amp
M
CATV o
d
u
l
AMP a
t
o
r
s
Optical C RIT / OK
ALARMS / STATUS
MAJOR MINOR FAN A FAN B
POWER
48V A 48V B
FAN FUSES
FAN A FAN B
ESD ACO LAMP
Transmitter
50-870 Mhz
ONLINE
ONLINE
S TD BY
STD BY
OLTD001
M IN AL
M AJ AL
SCMA001
M IN AL
M AJ AL
Splitter
AV OI D E XPOSUR E
LA SER L I GHT I S E MI TT ED
FR OM THESE A PER TU RE S
EDFA PON PO N
1
DIAG NOSTICS
DWDM /
VIDEO
2
A VOI D EX POSU RE
AV OI D E XPOSUR E L ASE R LI GHT I S EMI T TE D
FR OM THESE A PER TU RE S
LA SER L I GHT I S E MI TT ED
FR OM THESE A PER TU RE S
PO N 1GE
2
DWDM /
VIDEO 2
DJIAN0 BAA
DJ IAN0BAA
Baseband
Analog
Conventional
RF Television
Note: The Edge 200 does not provide for OLT or SCM hardware redundancy.
AC
ALARMS / STATUS POWER FAN FUSES ESD LAMP
O
ONU 1 CRIT / OK MAJOR MINOR FAN A FAN B 48VA 48VB FAN A FAN B
T1/E1
SLOT 1
3 4
SLOT 2
5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5
10/100 ETHERNET
SLOT 3
SLOT 4
6 Fiber 3 Slot 1 ONLIN
E
STDBY
MIN
ONLIN
E
STD BY
MIN
ONLIN
E
STD BY
MIN
ONLIN
E
STD BY
MIN
AL AL AL AL
1 2 1 2 3 4 XCVR2 XCVR1POWER
MAJ MAJ MAJ MAJ
DS1 10/100ETHERNET XCVR1 AL AL AL AL
DIAGNOSTICALARM POWER
OLTD001 OLTD001 SCMA001 SCMA001
AVOIDEXPOSURE
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONMAC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4 AVOID EXPOSURE
LASERLIGHTIS
FROM THE
EMITTEDS E
AP ERTURES
LASER LIGHTIS
FRO
EMMITTHESE
TED
AP ERTURES
DIAGNOSTI DIAGNOSTI
PON PON
CS CS
1 1
2
1
AVOID EXPOSURE
LASERLIGHTIS
AVOIDEXPOSURE
LASER LIGHTIS
AVOIDEXPOSURE
LASERLIGHT IS
AVOIDEXPOSURE
LASER LIGHT IS
L2/3 Switch
L2 Switch
FROM THE
EMITTEDS E FRO
EMMITTHESE
TED FREM
OM TTHESE
IT ED FROM
EMITTHE
EDSE
AP ERTURES AP ERTURES APERTURES APERTURES
PON PON 1G 1G
2 2 E E
1 1
DWDM/ DWDM/
VIDEO VIDEO
2 2
Fiber 2
DJIAN0BAA
DJIAN0BAA
DJIAN0BAA
DJIAN0BAA
Slot 2
Diverse Fiber
Route Internet
PON 1 PON 1
Primary Path
WDM/VIDEO Hub
WDM/VIDEO
W DM
Ethernet
PON 2 PON 2
2xN
splitter Secondary Path
PON
WDM/VIDEO WDM/VIDEO
To ONUs
Fiber 1
ONU 1 Slot 1
VLAN 125
Fiber 3
SLOT 1 SLOT 3
1x32 splitter
PORT1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
SLOT 2 SLOT 4
T1/E1 10/10 0 ETHER NET
1 2 1 2 3 4 XC VR 2XCV R 1P OW ER
1 2 1 2 3 4 PON M AC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
SLOT 1 SLOT 3
P OR T 1 2 3 4 5 6 PORT 1 2 3 4 5 6
L2 Switch 1
T1/E1
2
SLOT 2
10/100 ETHER N ET
1 2 3
SLOT 4
4 XC VR 2XC VR 1P OW ER
XCVR1
Fiber 4
DS1 10/100 ETHERNET DIAGNOSTIC
ALARM
POWER
1 2 1 2 3 4 PONM AC 00:03:d0:20:00:a4
ONU 2 Fiber 2
VLAN 125 1x32 splitter Slot 2
Diverse Fiber
Routes
T1/E 1
1 2 3 4
B ITS
10 10 MA M
/ 10 /10 1G 1 GE JO INO A LA R M P OW E R
0 02 E
1 1 2 R R
OUT PUT INP U T SE C PRI
P ON 1 V ID E O 1 P ON 2 V ID E O 2
1 2 1 2 -4 8 RT N -4 8 RT N
IN P U T IN P U T
LINK LINK
10 /100 10/100 1G E 1G E D IA G MGMT C OM 48 V D C 1.5A
1 2 1 2
Gig Ethernet
Uplinks
L2/3 Switch
Internet
Chapter 18 Maintenance
No Loop
DS3 Module ONU
Payload Loop
DS3 Module ONU
Line Loop
DS3 Module ONU
Local Loop
DS3 Module ONU
No Loop
DS3 DS3 Module ONU
PORT
RX DS1 TX
M1-3 Mux DS3 T1/E1
FPGA CXE FRAMER
FRAMER FRAMER
TX PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Payload Loop
DS3 DS3 Module ONU
PORT
RX DS1 TX
M1-3 Mux DS3 T1/E1
FPGA CXE FRAMER
FRAMER FRAMER
TX PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Line Loop
DS3 DS3 Module ONU
PORT
RX DS1 TX
M1-3 Mux DS3 T1/E1
FPGA CXE FRAMER
FRAMER FRAMER
TX PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
Local Loop
DS3 DS3 Module ONU
PORT
RX DS1 TX
M1-3 Mux DS3 T1/E1
FPGA CXE FRAMER
FRAMER FRAMER
TX PORT RX
NETWORK CUSTOMER
EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
No Loop
DS3 Module ONU
Payload Loop
DS3 Module ONU
Line Loop
DS3 Module ONU
Local Loop
DS3 Module ONU
Business ONU
T1 Interface
Line4
Business ONU
T1 Interface
Test active
DS0 1
DS0 2
DS0 3
D
Performance Statistics
The Alloptic system keeps performance statistics for each T1 service/interface that is
enabled in the system. Ninety-six 15-minute performance periods are kept in the chassis
for each active T1/E1 interface. An operator or management system can retrieve these
readings and process these readings into reports or use them for fault analysis.
Table 36: Performance Measurements for T1/E1
Measurement Abbreviation
Errored Seconds ES
Severely Errored Seconds SES
Severely Errored Framing Seconds SEFS
Unavailable Seconds UAS
Controlled Slip Seconds CSS
Path Coding Violations PCV
Line Errored Seconds LES
Bursty Errored Seconds BES
Degraded Minutes DM
Line Code Violations LCV
Fiber Management
The Alloptic system transports composite Ethernet, telephony, and video signals at 1 Gbps
over optical fiber routes. Fiber impairments that reduce operating range and throughput
can degrade optical signal performance. The impairments, optical loss and reflection, are
most frequently introduced during fiber optic systems installations. The three most
significant impairments that affect optical transport are: the splice, cleanliness, and bend
radius.
Splicing
When calculating operating ranges for fiber optic systems, fusion splicing is assumed and
splice loss is considered negligible. Fusion splices introduce the least amount of optical
loss and reflection. Fusion splices can also survive in a wet environment for some time.
When installing equipment, best fiber installation practice calls for the use of the fusion
splice. Mechanical splices are not recommended.
Bend Radius
Too tight of a bend in a fiber will cause signal attenuation, reflections, and breakage over
time. Industry standards accept a minimum bend radius of two inches. Fiber organizers are
designed to avoid bends that are too tight. When routing and dressing fiber, always check
that the two inch bend radius is not exceeded. Avoid pinching and snagging fibers. Use
guides to hold fiber loops in place.
Clean Connectors
Each time an optical connector is unmated, dust and other contaminants can collect on the
connector faces. Dirty connectors are the most frequent cause of loss in an optical system.
Connectors should be cleaned prior to mating. Both mating surfaces should be cleaned
using a two step process. Use a soft lint-free cloth and reagent grade alcohol to clean the
face. Then use a separate, soft, lint-free cloth to clean any residue from the connector face.
Also, always replace the dust covers or the connectors while not in use.
Observing these fiber management practices will eliminate the most frequent causes of
optical fiber troubles.
AVM Audio Voice Module The four POTS ports on the homeGEAR™ ONUs.
CPE customer premises equipment Equipment that resides on the customer’s premises.
HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax An outside plant distribution cabling concept employing
both fiber optic and coaxial cable.
ISDN Integrate Services Digital Network. Provides a standard for voice and data signaling.
MAC media access control address a 48-bit number unique to each LAN NIC.
Address
NIC network interface card The device that connects a device to a LAN.
QRSS quasi-random signal source Signals used for testing DS1 circuits.
Simple Network Management Standard method for interfacing with a network that
SNMP Protocol supports MIB.