The Cell

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 1. Organization: They are highly
organized compared to natural
inanimate objects.
2. Homeostasis: They maintain a
relatively constant internal
environment.
3. Reproduction: They reproduce
themselves to preserve their
kind
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 4. Growth: They grow in size and develop
from simple beginnings.

5. Metabolisim: They take energy and matter

from the environment and
transform it.

6. Adaptation: They respond to stimuli and

adjust to the environment

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BASIC PROPERTIES OF CELLS
1.Cells are highly complex and
organized

2.Cells posses a genetic program

and the means to use it

3. Cells are capable of producing

more of themselves

4. Cells acquire and utilize energy

BASIC PROPERTIES OF CELLS
5. Cells carry out a variety of
chemical reactions

6. Cells engage in numerous

mechanical activities

7. Cells are able to respond to stimuli

8. Cells are capable of self-

regulation
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population

Multicelluar Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue

Cell a. smallest living unit

b. may be free living
c. may live as part of
multicellular organisms

Organelle
Molecule
Atom
Subatomic Particle
Levels of Organization of Life
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 The Cell Theory

1. All known living things are

made up of cells.
2. The cell is structural &
functional unit of all living
things.
3. All cells come from pre-
existing cells by division.
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 Modern Tenets of the Cell Theory

4. Cells contain hereditary information which

is passed from cell to cell during cell
division.

5. All cells are basically the same in chemical

composition.

6. All energy flow (metabolism &

biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.

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 Cell Classification
Based on complexity of structural organization

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 Parameter Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Average size 0.1-10 um 10-100 um
Complexity Simple More complex

Organelle Not bounded Double membrane

(outer covering) bound
Nucleus (genetic naked DNA with histones
material)
Organisms Monera Protista, Fungi,
(eubacteria, blue Animalia,
green algae Plantae, algae
archaebacteria)
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Differences between Plant and Animal Cells
Plant cells
Usually larger in size and regular
in shape
Presence of cellulose cell wall
outside the cell membrane
Presence of chloroplasts
containing chlorophyll
Presence of large vacuoles
containing cell sap
Nucleus usually found just
beneath the cell wall
Have starch granules are food
reserves
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Animal cells
Usually smaller in size and
irregular in shape
Absence of cellulose cell wall
Absence of chloroplasts
Vacuoles are absent, or when
present, they are small containing
excretory or secretory products
Nucleus usually found at the
center of the cell
Have glycogen granules are food
reserves
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End of Session 1

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