Management and organizational

development
 Outline
History

Expansion

Corporate management

Structure

Privatisation

Financial performance

Destinations

Codeshare agreements

Services

Cabin

Newspapers and magazines

Frequent Flyer Program

Catering

Cargo operations

Fleet

Fleet developments

Livery

Corporate sponsorship
Achievements and recognitions

Special operations

Charter services

Hajj and Umrah operations

State Officials transportation

Incidents and accidents

The management development process

Determining the net management requirement
Organizational objective
Management inventory and succession plan
Change in the management team
Establishing management development objective
Method used in management development
Understudy assignment
Coaching
Experience
Job rotation
Special project and committee assignment
Classroom training
In basket technique
Web based training
Business simulations
Adventure learning
University and professional seminar
Organizational development
Diagnosis
Strategy planning
Education
Evaluation
 Pakistan International
Airlines
Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, commonly known as PIA is the carrier
airline of Pakistan. The airline, with its head office on the grounds of Jinnah International
Airport in Karachi, is the 31st largest airline in Asia, operating scheduled services to 23 domestic
destinations and 36 international destinations in 25 countries across Asia, Europe and North
America. Its main bases are Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad/Rawalpindi.

The airline's secondary bases include Peshawar, Faisalabad, Quetta, Sialkot and Multan, from
which it connects the metropolitan cities with the main bases, the Middle East and the Far East.
The airline is owned by the Government of Pakistan (87%) and other shareholders (13%). It
employed 18,043 people as of May 2008.

Contents
History
'Pakistan International Airlines', or 'PIA' for short, can trace its beginnings to the days when
Pakistan was not an independent state. In 1946Muhammed Ali Jinnah realised the need for an
airline network for the forming country and called upon the help of an industrialist Mirza Ahmad
Ispahani to develop a flag carrier for the nation. Meanwhile, an airline called 'Orient Airways',
registered in Calcutta, was formed on 23 October 1946. In February 1947, the airline brought
three DC-3 airplanes from a company in Texas, and in May of that year the airline was granted a
licence to fly. Services were started in June from Kolkata to Sittwe and Yangon. This was the first
post-war airline flight by a South Asianregistered airline company. Two months after this service
began, Pakistan was formed. Orient Airways began relief flights to the new nation and, soon after,
it moved its operations to Karachi, where it began flights to Dhaka on 7 June 1954. In addition,
the first two domestic routes in Pakistan were established, from Karachi to Lahore to Peshawar,
and from Karachi to Quetta to Lahore.

The Government of Pakistan, realizing the operation was failing economically, proposed that
Orient Airways merge into a new national airline. On 11 March 1955, Orient Airways merged with
the government's proposed airline, becoming 'Pakistan International Airlines Corporation'. During
the same year the airline opened its first international service, from Karachi to London Heathrow
Airport via Cairo International Airport and Leonardo da Vinci Airport in Fiumicino, Italy, using three
newly-acquired Lockheed L-1049C Super Constellations. The DC-3s continued operating the
domestic services in Pakistan. In May 1956, PIA ordered two further Super Lockheed
Constellations of the latest L-1049H version and five Vickers Viscount 815. In 1959, Malik Nur
Khan was named Managing Director.

In March 1960, PIA became the first Asian airline to use jet aircraft when Boeing 707 services
were introduce. The aircraft were wet leased from Pan American and in 1961 services were
begun to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. In 1962, orders were placed
for Boeing 720s, Fokker F27s and Sikorsky helicopters. One of PIA's Boeing 720s broke a world
record that year, when it flew from London to Karachi non-stop in 6 hours and 43 minutes during
its delivery flight from Seattle, piloted by PIA's senior Captain Abdullah Baig, a record unbroken to
this day. During 1962, services to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) were proving to be difficult,
therefore PIA placed their Sikorsky S-61helicopters on these routes until 1966 when conditions
improved. In 1964 PIA became the first airline from a non-communist country to fly to the
People's Republic of China. As the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 broke out, PIA helped
the Pakistani forces with logistics and transport. In 1966, the Viscounts were phased out,
substituted by four Hawker Siddeley Tridents. However, as growth surpassed the need for these
aircraft, they were later sold to Civil Aviation Administration of China.

The 1970s saw the resumption of transatlantic flights and new destinations. It once again aided
the Pakistan Army by transporting soldiers toEast Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and
lost a couple of its aircraft to Indian Air Force fighters. In 1972 it applied to operate to Libya and
an agreement was signed with Yugoslav airline JAT. In 1973, McDonnell Douglas DC-10s arrived
and were used by the airline before they were replaced by Boeing 707-300s. In 1974 air freight
services started, as well as a cargo service to New York City under the name, 'Pakistan
International Cargo'. In 1975, PIA introduced new uniforms for air hostesses. These uniforms
were chosen through an open competition, the winning entry was a design by Sir Hardy Amies
who was designer to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

In 1976, leased Boeing 747-200Bs came into service. In 1979, the airline bought their first Boeing
747-200BM aircraft. Also in 1978 the airline provided help to Somali Airlines, Air
Malta and Yemenia and established a hotel management service in the United Arab Emirates.
PIA leased two of its own Boeing 720s to Air Malta during the 70s.

The 1980s began with the opening of a cargo centre in Karachi and the delivery of a new aircraft,
Airbus A300B4-203. In 1981, a duty-free sales service was inaugurated. During 1982, the first C
and D checks were carried out on the fleet in Karachi. In 1984, domestic night coach fare service
was introduced to offer lower prices for low-income passengers. In 1985 the Planetarium tourist
attraction was inaugurated in Karachi and later in Lahore. In the same year, five Boeing 737-
300s joined the fleet making PIA the first Asian operator of such a type. Two former PIA Boeing
720Bs now form part of the Planetarium's exhibition at Karachi and Lahore. In late 1987 and early
1988, flights were introduced to Malé and to Toronto Pearson International Airport, respectively.
In 1989, the first women pilots started their career on passenger airplanes.

During June 1991, PIA received the first of six Airbus A310-300 aircraft on from Airbus Industrie.
In 1992, flights started to Tashkent and in 1993, to Zürich, Switzerland. In addition, PIA became a
user of the Sabre, Galileo and Amadeus global distribution systems. During 1994, PIA
addedJakarta, Fujairah, Baku and Al-Ain to its destinations. Air Safari flights were launched in the
same year using Boeing 737–300 aircraft over the Karakoram mountains. In 1995, PIA received a
Boeing 747 flight simulation system and a used Air France A300 aircraft was bought. In 1996 the
airline leased Tupolev Tu-154 aircraft, and re-opened services to Beirut.

PIA only used the Tupolev Tu-154 for a short time to deal with the demand during the summer of
1996. In 1999, PIA leased five Boeing 747–300 aircraft from Cathay Pacific to replace its aging
Boeing 747-200M fleet. The aircraft wore a new livery with a handwork Pashmina tail on white
body and large Pakistan titles on the front fuselage. The livery was applied to some of the fleet
during the 90s but due to copyright problems the livery was dropped. The Boeing 747-300s
remained in the new look but with a plain green tail with PIA titles. The other aircraft in the fleet
were repainted in the 1990s livery.
Expansion
In July 2002, PIA purchased six Boeing 747-300 aircraft from Cathay Pacific, five of which were
already on lease with PIA. The sixth arrived shortly after and PIA operated it mainly on its North
American and European routes. In October 2002, after a period of ten years without any new
order, the airline purchased eight Boeing 777 aircraft from The Boeing Company, including
three 777-200ER (Extended Range), two 777-200LR (Longer Range) and three 777-
300ER versions. PIA was the launch customer that revived the Boeing 777-200LR project that,
until then, only had three orders by EVA Air. The first two Boeing 777-200LR produced were test
aircraft used by Boeing, before they were delivered to PIA. One of these Boeing 777-200LR was
displayed at the Paris Airshow during 2005.

During 2004, PIA took delivery of its first Boeing 777-200ER aircraft in January. On delivery of the
first three Boeing 777-200ERs the airline introduced a new aircraft livery, which was later applied
to the majority of the fleet. PIA also acquired six half life Airbus A310-300/ET from the Airbus
management on a ten year lease agreement. On 3 November 2005 PIA signed an agreement
with the aircraft manufacturer, ATR to purchase seven ATR42-500. The aircraft were purchased
to replace the aging F-27 aircraft. The seven ATR aircraft were delivered between 2006 and
2007. On 6 December 2005, PIA leased an additional new Boeing 777-200ER from
the International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC). The aircraft had the same specifications as
the previous Boeing 777-200ER that PIA operated. The aircraft was delivered in January 2007 on
ten year lease to the airline.

On 25 February 2006 Boeing delivered its first 777-200LR Worldliner to PIA, where it flew
from Everett to Islamabad via Manchester, England. PIA started non-stop flights from Toronto to
Karachi, Islamabad and Lahore from 3 March 2006 taking advantage of Boeing 777-200LR's long
range capability. PIA planned non-stop flights to New York City and other US cities with sizable
Pakistani population centres, but was not given permission due to security reasons. On 31 May
2006, PIA took delivery of its first ATR aircraft from Toulouse, France. On 23 December 2006,
PIA took delivery of its first Boeing 777-300ER. After the arrival of a second ATR 42–500, PIA
has ceased using military Lockheed C-130 Hercules for passenger services in the north of
Pakistan. The military planes were being used after the Fokker F27 fleet was grounded due to a
fatal crash in July 2006.

On 5 March 2007, the European Commission, following an on-site visit, banned all but eight
planes of PIA's 44-plane fleet from flying to Europe citing safety concerns. PIA was included in
theList of air carriers banned in the European Union. The remaining eight, namely the fleet
ofBoeing 777s, has been exempted from the ban. PIA claims that this is discriminatory and the
bans are not justifiable. On 26 March 2007, Tariq Saeed Kirmani resigned after severe pressure
from higher authorities because of the EU ban. Zafar Khan was appointed as the new chairman
of Pakistan International Airlines. A team from the European Union visited Karachi in July 2007,
to check the condition of the planes and review the ban. On 5 July 2007, the EU lifted the
restriction on 11 aircraft that PIA could fly into Europe, of which five wereBoeing 747-300s and
six Airbus A310-300s. On 29 November 2007, The EU completely lifted the ban on PIA. In the
same year, PIA signed a lease deal for seven new Airbus A320-200from Kuwait based leasing
company ALAFCO, the factory built aircraft were to be delivered between 2009 and 2010,
however the deal however was cancelled in 2008.

During April 2009, the management decided to launch a long-term ‘Business Plan of PIA’
including purchase of new aircraft with details of the plan being finalised

Corporate management
Structure
Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (PIAC) is majority owned by the Government of
Pakistan (87%) while the remainder (13%) by private shareholders. The airline falls under the
direction of the Ministry of Defence chaired by its current chairman, Ahmad Mukhtar. The airline is
managed by managing director, Captain Aijaz Haroon as well as the Board of Directors. The
Board consists of nine independent non-executive members and has four sub-committees, being
an Audit Committee, Brand and Advertising Committee, Finance Committee and Human
Resource Committee each with its own charter and chairman. The MD leads the executive
management of staff who control the running of the airline. The airline's main headquarters are
located in Karachi whilst smaller sub head offices are located in several cities within Pakistan.

Privatization
In the late 1990s, the Government of Pakistan considered selling the airline to the private sector
due to the persistent losses suffered by the airline. The Government announced the privatisation
plans but they were never implemented. Several steps towards outsourcing of non-core business
have been initiated. Catering units (starting with Karachi Flight Kitchen), ground handling (starting
with ramp services) and engineering, are to be gradually carved out of the airline and operated as
independent companies. During 1997, Pakistan called in a team fromInternational Finance (IFC),
the consulting arm of the World Bank, to advise on restructuring and privatisation of Pakistan
International Airlines (PIA) however no agreement was reached. The government has many times
planned the privatization of the State owned. however as of yet no reasonable agreement or
solution has been found. On 18 February 2009 the carrier was dropped from the privatisation list.
Financial performance
The profitability of PIA is published in the 2008 annual report with figures in millions of Pakistani
Rupees. The following table gives the key financial results for the end of year period of the
financial year. PIA explains that the loss was caused by two factors: the weakening of the
Pakistani rupee and the rise in crude oil prices during 2008.

Operating performance

Yea
Revenues Rs Millions Profit/(Loss) Rs Millions
r

2008 89,202 (35,880)

2007 70,481 (13,339)

2006 70,587 (12,763)

2005 64,074 (4,412)

2004 57,770 2,307

2003 47,788 1,299

Destinations
PIA serves 23 domestic destinations and 36 international destinations in 25 countries across
Asia, Europe, North America as of September 2009 from its home bases
of Karachi, Lahore, Islamabadand Peshawar.

Codeshare agreements
PIA has code share agreements with the following four carriers as of May 2010:

 Aerosvit Airlines
  China Southern Airlines
 Thai Airways International
 Turkish Airlines

Services
Cabin
PIA operates a three class configuration on its domestic routes which include Business Plus,
Economy Plus+ and Economy. However on their international flights a two class configuration,
Business Plus and Economy, has remained popular. According to the Annual Report 2007, PIA
recorded a seat factor of 69%, a percentage drop from 2006. PIA Business Plus passengers are
offered flat bed seats on all Boeing 777 as well as select Airbus A310 aircraft.

Newspapers and magazines

The PIA in-flight magazine, Humsafar (Urdu for "travel companion"), is provided to all passengers
on all international and domestic flights. Humsafar was introduced on PIA flights in 1980 and is
printed and published in-house on a bi-monthly basis. General Urdu and English newspapers and
magazines are available to all Business Plus and Economy Plus class passengers on PIA flights.
Free newspapers are provided to all Economy class passengers.

Frequent Flyer Program

PIA Awards Plus+ is the frequent flyer programme. The programme allows passengers to get free
tickets, excess baggage vouchers, cabin upgrades, and a variety of rewards, special deals, and
discounts with programme participants. Awards Plus+ has three tiers of membership – Emerald,
Sapphire and Diamond. Awards Plus+ miles can be earned by flying PIA and by using the
products and services of PIA's partners.

Catering
PIA Catering are the main suppliers of meals for the airline. They can produce 15,000
passenger meals each day. However since 2006, the management control of the flight
kitchens has been given to Singapore Air Terminal Services (SATS). PIA Catering also
provide special meals to allow for passengers' dietary and religious needs.

Cargo operations
PIA operates a cargo delivery system within Pakistan. During the early 1970s, PIA operated a
service called "Air Express" that delivered documents and parcels from one airport to another.
Pakistan International Cargo was started in 1974 using two Boeing 707-320C, with services to the
Middle East and Europe. The operations ended in the late 1990s when both aircraft were
grounded. PIA Cargo transports goods across Pakistan as well as to international destinations.
These include meat and vegetables, textiles, paper products and laboratory equipment.

In 2003 PIA launched "'PIA Speedex'", a courier service in Karachi, Lahore, and
Rawalpindi/Islamabad; expanding within a year to 12 cities. Today, the airline offers over
70 locations within Pakistan, with shipments collected and delivered from customers'
homes. From 2004 to September 2007, PIA Cargo operated two Airbus A300 Freighter
aircraft chartered through MNG Airlines to Haan and Luton; initially these also operated
to Amsterdam, Basel and Cologne.
Fleet
The Pakistan International Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft (at 11 April 2010):

Pakistan International Airlines Fleet

Passengers
Aircraft In Fleet
(Business/Economy Plus/Economy)

184 (12/40/132)
Airbus A310-300 12 205 (18/43/144)
205 (18/45/142)

ATR 42-500 7 48 (0/8/40)

118 (0/24/94)
Boeing 737-300 6
119 (0/27/92)

Boeing 747-200M (Combi) 1 468 (0/0/468)

Boeing 747-300 5 468 (0/20/448)

320 (35/45/240)
Boeing 777-200ER 4
329 (35/54/240)

Boeing 777-200LR 2 310 (35/60/215)

Boeing 777-300ER 3 393 (35/54/304)

Total 40

Boeing 747-200B
ATR 42
 Boeing 737-300 Airbus A310-300

Boeing 777-200ER Boeing 777-200LR

Boeing 747-300 Boeing 777-300ER

Fleet developments

 The airline is expected to order a mix of Boeing 737-800 or Airbus A320/Airbus A321 to
replace the 25+ years old 6 Boeing 737-300. According to PIA Chairman Captain Aijaz, "The
airline plans to acquire up to 27 aircraft, through a mix of orders and leases. We'll place nine
firm orders with nine purchase rights, and take nine from leasing companies. Deliveries will
start at the end of 2010.
 PIA will also be upgrading their entire Airbus A310-300 fleet to increase their utilization.

Livery
In December 2003 PIA introduced a new image that was applied to their first 777-200ER and on
two leased A310-300s one of which was in service. The livery was white at the front and beige at
the rear separated by a dark green stripe. The tail was painted white with PIA written in dark
green. PAKISTAN was added to the front fuselage and the engines where painted beige. The PIA
written in calligraphic Urdu was added just behind the cockpit.

However, due to criticism the design was modified before the first Boeing 777 was delivered. PIA
and Boeing replaced the tail with a flowing Pakistan flag on a beige background. PAKISTAN titles
were removed and the PIA acronym was enlarged and moved onto the fuselage. The engines
and Urdu PIA remained the same. The leased A310s and most of PIA fleet also adopted this
livery at a later date.

In early 2006 the airline launched four new tail designs for its fleet. The tails represented the four
provinces of Pakistan: Sindh, Punjab,Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa and Balochistan. The tails promoted
the cultures of the four provinces of Pakistan by applying motifs to the tails and adding a city
name to the rear of the fuselage corresponding to the province. The "Frontier" tail represented the
"Phulkari" (flowering) pattern that reflected a tradition of embroidery generally done on shawls,
shirts and linen. The "Punjab" tail was loosely related to the tile decoration of the Wazir Khan
Mosque in Lahore. The "Balochistan" tail showed the creativity seen in the kilims, carpets and
rugs woven with wool, goat or camel hair and mixed yarn. The pattern is mostly bold geometric
motifs in primary colours dominated by red. The "Sindh" tail was influenced from the Hala tile
work with electric blue and white floral patterns. In 2008 management stopped the application of
provincial tails deeming them too costly.

PIA launched their new livery in early April 2010. An Airbus A310, Boeing 777-200 and
Boeing 747-300 were the first aircraft to wear the new look. The livery was unveiled at
the PIA headquarters on a Boeing 777 model. The livery is loosely based on the 1980s
"Sohni Dharti" livery and is expected to be painted on all of the active fleet when they are
put into routine maintenance.
Corporate sponsorship
The airline has sponsored events, both within Pakistan and in its overseas markets.

The PIA's logo on the front left wing of aFerrari A1 car for Team Pakistan

In the 1990s, the airline launched the three green stripe livery to represent its support for sports.
The airline supports a first-class cricket team that plays in the ABN AMRO Patron's Trophy in
Pakistan. PIA also sponsors the A1 Team Pakistan in the A1 Grand Prix open-wheel auto racing
series when it was initially launched. The airline also promotes the Shandur Polo Gala, that takes
place every year in the Chitral and Gilgit regions of northern Pakistan during the summer
period.PIA also has its own Sports Division since 1958 promoting sports within Pakistan such as
cricket, hockey, football, squash, polo, tennis, bridge, chess, table tennis, cycling, and body
building. PIA has its own Boy Scouts Association (PIA-BSA) working in partnership with Pakistan
Boy Scouts Association. After the earthquake, PIA-BSA worked in partnership with other charity
organizations to provide relief help.
The PIA Planetariums are theatres presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night
sky. The sites have a static Boeing 720 aircraft on display.

PIA was one of the official sponsors of the "Destination Pakistan 2007" festivals. The official logo
was added to a select number of aircraft during the year In 2008, PIA teamed up with mobile
phone provider, Ufone to provide air miles to passengers who used the mobile network. Standard
Chartered Bank and PIA launched Credit Cards allowing passengers to earn air miles for use of
their credit cards. In 2009, PIA was the gold sponsor for Logistics Pakistan, an Exhibition and
Conference poised to highlight the emerging opportunities for the Logistics sector in Pakistan. In
2009, PIA and Pakistan Remittance Initiative(PRI) formed a stategic alliance to promote world
money transfers.

PIA has Planetariums in Karachi and Lahore which enable the public to see static aircraft
as well as astronomy shows. PIA Horticulture, set up in 1996, provides flowers for
display in PIA's offices and for events, winning awards and accolades at flower
exhibitions across the country. The airline supports non-profit organisations within
Pakistan such as; Al-Shifa Trust, Zindagi Trust, The Citizens Foundation and Sindh
Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT).In 2009, PIA teamed up with the fast-
food franchise, McDonalds, to offer passengers discounts on meals and upgrades. PIA
also owns three hotels, the Roosevelt Hotel, the Scribe Hotel and Skyrooms (Private)
Limited. The airline also has an agreement with Pearl Continental Hotels for
its UAE based passengers.
Achievements and recognitions
PIA were the first Asian airline to receive the Boeing 737–300

PIA was the first airline to take delivery of the Boeing 777-200LR WorldLiner, seen here on display at Paris
Airshow, 2005.

 First airline in the world to operate scheduled helicopter services.

 First airline in the world to take delivery of the Boeing 777-200LR Worldliner (Longer
RangeVariant).
 First airline in Pakistan to operate a flight with an all female crew at command and in the
cabin.
 One of PIA's aircraft hold the record for the longest commercial jet flight in aviation
history.
 First airline in the world to operate the Boeing 777-200ER, 777-200LR and 777-300ER
altogether – all the three variants available on the market at the time.
 First airline to take delivery of the Boeing 777-200 Longer Range Variant.
 PIA was given three awards in 2008: The "Brands of the Year" Award, "Consumers
Choice Award" and "One The Best Airlines Award (Cargo)".
 PIA was awarded a shield by Presidency of Civil Aviation in Saudi Arabia in
recognition of distinguished Passenger Services compared to other airlines
conducting Hajj operations 2009–2010 at Jeddah Airport.

Special operations
Charter services
PIA operates private charter flights using ATR 42s to Kadanwari and Sewan Sharif gas field
inSindh as well as to other parts of the country on behalf of oil and gas companies. Ad hoc
charters for United Nations peacekeeping troops are also carried out to Africa and Eastern
Europe using Boeing 747s.
Hajj and Umrah operations

A MNG Airlines 737 aircraft leased by PIA for Hajj operation 2005–2006

PIA operates a two-month (pre- and post-) Hajj operation each year to and from Jeddah and
sometimes Madinah in Saudi Arabia. PIA transports over 130,000 intending pilgrims each year
from Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, Quetta, Faisalabad, Multan, Sialkot, and Sukkur to
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In order to deal with the demand, the airline leases many different
aircraft including Boeing 747-200s, Airbus A321s, Airbus A300 and Boeing 737-400s.

State Officials transportation

Callsign "PAKISTAN 001" carrying the President on PIA's Boeing 707 photographed in Germany, c.1961

PIA has been continuously serving government officials of Pakistan, mainly President of
Pakistan and Prime Minister of Pakistan. Military and Judicial personnel also enjoy huge
discounts on PIA flights. PIA has always transported the President and Prime Minister of
Pakistan on overseas visits. During the late 1990s, a PIA Boeing 737–300 was used for
official visits by the Bhutto and Sharif governments. The aircraft wore official
government colours but was later repainted in the airline official colours at the end of the
decade. When the government changed after a military coup in 1999, the Boeing B737
was transferred to PIA permanently. The President and Prime Minister then resorted to
using two of PIA's Airbus A310-300 for official visits, while rare trips were done on
regular commercial flights of the airline. In February 2007 the government of
Qatar gifted one of their VIP fleet A310 to the Pakistani government, this has ended the
need for use of PIA aircraft. However, from time to time the government uses the airline's
Boeing 737 or Airbus A310 for official trips.
Incidents and accidents
Since it began services, seven Pakistan International Airlines flights have crashed. PIA has a
record of 5.00 fatalities per million flights.

The memorial tablet placed at the crash site in Cairo for those who died on PIA Flight 705 on 20 May 1965.

 On 18 May 1959, Vickers Viscount AP-AJC was damaged beyond economic repair on
landing at Islamabad International Airport.

 On 14 August 1959, Vickers Viscount AP-AJE crashed at Karachi International

Airport while attempting an overshoot with two engines inoperative on a training flight. Two of
the three people on board were killed.

 PIA Flight 705 was a Boeing 720 – 040 B that crashed while descending to land on
Runway 34 at Cairo International Airport on 20 May 1965 resulting in 119 fatalities.

 PIA Flight 740 was a Boeing 707-340C that crashed after takeoff from Jeddah
International Airport on 26 November 1979. Flight PK740 departed Jeddah at 01:29 for a
flight to Karachi.

 In March 1981 a PIA jet was hijacked to Kabul by Al-Zulfiqar.

 PIA Flight 268 was an Airbus A300B4-203, registration AP-BCP, which crashed on
approach to Kathmandu's Tribhuvan International Airport on 28 September 1992. All 167 on
board were killed.

 PIA Flight 544 was the flight number of a Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) Fokker
F27 that was hijacked on 25 May 1998. All passengers and crew escaped unhurt during the
incident.

 PIA Flight 688 was a Fokker F27 was scheduled to operate from Multan to Lahore and
then to Islamabad. At 12:05pm on 10 July 2006, it crashed into a field after bursting into
flames a few minutes after takeoff from Multan International Airport. All 41 passengers and
four crew members on board were killed.
Management develop process

Is concerned with developing the experience, attitudes, and skills necessary to become or remain
an effective manager. It must have the full support of the organization’s top executives.
Management development should be designed, conducted, and evaluated on the basis of
Objectives of the organization. Needs of individual managers who are to be developed.
Anticipated changes in organization’s management team.
Determining The Net
Management Requirements

Organization’s objectives - Play a significant role in determining the organization’s

requirements for managers

Management Inventory and

Succession Plan
Management inventory – Specialized, expanded form of skills inventory for an organization’s
current management team. Includes basic types of information, and brief assessment of past
performance and potential for advancement. Can be used to fill vacancies that occur
unexpectedly. Can be used in planning development needs of individual managers. These
plans can be used to pinpoint development activities for the total organization. Can be used
to develop a management succession plan, sometimes called a replacement chart or
schedule. Management succession plan – Chart or schedule showing potential successors
for each management position within the organization. It may simply be a list of positions and
potential replacements. Both are generally kept confidential and can be computerized.
Maintained by human resource department for use of top executives

Needs Assessment

Needs relate to what the organization must have to achieve its objectives. A fundamental
need of any organization is the need for an effective management team. Use of a well-
organized management development program. Before management development activities
are undertaken, specific development needs of managers in the organization must be
determined. Needs assessment – A systematic analysis of specific management
development activities the organization requires to achieve its objectives. Management
development needs of any organization result from overall needs of organization and
development needs of individual managers
Four methods exist to determine management development needs

Training needs survey

Focuses on knowledge and skills required in performing the job

Competency studies

Examine the competencies required in performing the managerial job

Task analysis

Concerned with what tasks are required in performing managerial job

Performance analysis

Deals with job performance requirements in performing managerial job

Establishing Management Development Objectives

Objectives for the overall management development program and for individual programs must
be

Expressed in writing

Measurable

Management development objectives can be categorized as

Instructional

Organizational and departmental

Individual performance and growth