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Types of discrimination:
1) Pregnancy discrimination is a type of employment discrimination that
occurs when expectant women are fired, not hired, or otherwise
discriminated against due to their pregnancy or intention to become
pregnant. Common forms of pregnancy discrimination include not being
hired due to visible pregnancy or likelihood of becoming pregnant, being
fired after informing an employer of one's pregnancy, being fired
after maternity leave, and receiving a pay dock due to
pregnancy. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
against Women prohibits dismissal on the grounds of maternity or
pregnancy and ensures right to maternity leave or comparable social
benefits. The Maternity Protection Convention C 183 proclaims adequate
protection for pregnancy as well. To date, there is not a federal law that
protects pregnancy discrimination in the US. The Equal Rights Amendment
could ensure a right to sex equality in that women and men could work and
have children at the same time.
2) Social discrimination: Women are discriminated against in many societies
which are patriarchal essentially in nature. The reasons are social, cultural
and economic. Some religions including cultural beliefs consider that
women are subordinate to men and this percolates to the children within the
family consciously and subconsciously through the process of socialization.
So the society takes it granted that women are inferior to men and this
becomes the starting point of the discrimination. India is traditionally a
patriarchal society where male domination is immense and women are under
social control till the time of their birth to their birth. Women suffer from
lack of independence in economic matters, choice of education, decision
making and especially in matters of marriage. Even though men and women
perform the same work men are paid more than women. In several
companies there is glass ceiling where women are given jobs with less
decision making power. But in the recent years with several legislations
favoring women, modern education and economic independence of women
the society is changing its outlook towards women.
3) Employment discrimination is a form of discrimination based
on race, gender, religion, national
origin, physical or mental disability, age, sexual orientation, and gender
identity by employers. Earnings differentials or occupational differentiation
is not in and of itself evidence of employment discrimination.
Discrimination can be intended and involved is separate treatment of a group
or be unintended, yet create disparate impact for a group.
4) Discrimination against atheists, both at present and historically, includes
the persecution of those identifying themselves or labeled by others
as atheists, as well as the discrimination against them. Discrimination
against atheists may also refer to and comprise the negative attitudes
towards, prejudice, hostility, hatred, fear, and/or intolerance towards atheists
and/or atheism. Because atheism can be defined in various ways, those
discriminated against or persecuted on the grounds of being atheists might
not have been considered atheists in a different time or place. As of 2015, 19
countries punish their citizens for apostasy, and in 14 of those countries it is
punishable by death.
5) Housing discrimination is discrimination in which an individual or family
is treated unequally when trying to buy, rent, lease, sell or finance a home
based on certain characteristics, such as race, class, sex, religion, national
origin, and familial status. This type of discrimination can lead to housing
and spatial inequality and racial segregation which, in turn, can exacerbate
wealth disparities between certain groups. In the United States, housing
discrimination began after the abolition of slavery as part of a federally
sponsored law, but has since been made illegal; however, studies show that
housing discrimination still exists.