Catalan Independence Referendum, 2017

Catalan independence referendum, 2017
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The regional Government of Catalonia held a

referendum on Catalan independence on 1 October Catalan independence referendum, 2017
2017.[1] This referendum was first called for in June Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in
2017 and was approved by the Catalan parliament in a the form of a republic?
session on 6 September 2017 along with a law which
Location Catalonia, Spain
states that independence would be binding with a simple
majority, without requiring a minimum turnout.[2] Date 1 October 2017
Opposition parties refused to participate in the session
Results
and called on their voters to boycott the vote, except
Catalunya S que es Pot who abstained but supports Votes %
participation.[3] The law is illegal according to the
Yes 2,020,144 91.96%
Catalan Statutes of autonomy which require a two third
majority in the Catalan parliament for any change to No 176,565 8.04%
Catalonia's status.[4] The referendum itself is also illegal
according to the Spanish constitution.[5] It was Valid votes 2,196,709 97.10%
suspended by the Constitutional Court on 7 September
Invalid or blank votes 65,715 2.9%
2017, with the Catalan government stating the court
order was not valid for Catalonia and proceeding to Total votes 2,262,424 100.00%
gather the support of 750[6] of 948 municipalities of
Catalonia,[7][8][9] including a partial support by Registered voters/turnout 5,343,358 42.34%
Barcelona.[10] This led to a constitutional crisis in Spain
and started a police operation to stop the referendum.
Results by county
The referendum question, which voters answered with
"Yes" or "No", was "Do you want Catalonia to become
an independent state in the form of a republic?". The
"Yes" side won, with 2,020,144 (91.96%) voting for
independence and 176,565 (8.04%) voting against, with
the turnout being 42.34%.
The Government of Spain opposes any Catalan self-

determination referendum,[11][12] because the Spanish
Constitution does not allow for a vote on the
independence of any Spanish region while also deeming
it illegal without its consent.[13][14] This interpretation is
also favoured by the Catalan Statutory Guarantees
Council.[15] However, the Catalan government invoked
the right to self-determination for calling the
Yes No
referendum.
Following a constitutionality check demanded by the Provisional results.

Spanish government, the Constitutional Court of Spain Source: Generalitat de Catalunya
annulled the resolution emanated by the Parliament of
Catalonia to hold such a vote.[16] The Government of Catalonia, though, maintained that the vote would still be
held on 1 October.[1] To avoid the Spanish governments influence, the Catalan government passed a
referendum law through its own parliament, by simple majority, in September[17] declaring that it would then
follow a "Catalan-only" legality (as opposed to the general Spanish one). Spain's deputy prime minister, Soraya
Senz de Santamara, notified the Catalan government in advance that the state would strike down the
referendum law right after it was passed.[17]
On the day of the poll, the passivity of the Mossos d'Esquadra (the autonomous police force of Catalonia)
prevented the closure of the polling stations, which caused the intervention of the National Police Corps and the
Guardia Civil;[18][19] 893 civilians and 39 agents of the Nacional Police and the Guardia Civil were
injured.[20][19][21] The Mossos d'Esquadra are being investigated for a delict of civil disobedience, for not
having complied with the orders of the High Court of Justice of Catalonia to prevent the referendum.[22] The
Spanish government under the guide of Mariano Rajoy has come under international scrutiny over its use of
force on civilians to prevent the referendum.[23][24][25][26][27]
Contents
1 Background
1.1 2014 self-determination referendum
1.2 2015 regional election
1.3 Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence
2 Course of events
2.1 Organisation
2.2 Tensions within the Catalan government
2.3 Scope
2.4 Police operation to stop the referendum
3 Administration
3.1 Date
3.2 Eligibility to vote
3.3 Electoral supervision
3.4 Question
3.5 Campaign
4 Economic repercussions
5 Responses
5.1 Domestic
5.2 UN member states
5.3 International organisations and institutions
5.4 Other political parties, groups and sub-national goverments
6 Opinion polls
6.1 On the 1 October 2017 referendum
6.1.1 Overall
6.1.2 Certain to vote
6.2 On the independence issue
6.3 On whether a referendum should be held
7 Conduct
8 Results
8.1 Reactions
9 See also
10 Opinion poll sources
11 References
12 External links
Background
The ballot was initially scheduled for no later than 17 September 2017, a result of an election pledge made by
pro-independence parties ahead of the 2015 Catalan election (during the previous legislature, the Catalan
government had held a non-binding "citizen participation process" about the question).
The election resulted in a minority government for the Junts pel S
coalition (JxS), which had won a plurality of MPs (62 of the 135 seats),
plus conditional support from the 10 CUP-CC MPs. Shortly after the
government was formed, it resolved to hold a referendum on
independence.[28][29][30][31]
2014 self-determination r eferendum
2015 regional election
Declaration of the Initiation of the Pr ocess of

Independence
Pro-independence flags inBarcelona
Course of events
On 24 January 2017, the Government of Catalonia held a privately
organised conference[32] in one of the rooms of the European
Parliament in its Brussels headquarters. The event, entitled "The
Catalan Referendum", was promoted by Carles Puigdemont, President,
Oriol Junqueras, Vice President, and Ral Romeva. It was attended by
500 people, among whom were MEPs, diplomats and journalists from
the international media.[33][34][35][36]
Organisation Anti-independence graffiti in Badalona
The Catalan government's decree officially calling the referendum was

expected to be approved in the second half of August[37] but was
approved only on 6 September.[38]
Shortly after the referendum was announced, attention focused on the

issue of the ballot boxes, since the Government of Spain is in charge of
providing them, whereas for this non-State-sanctioned vote, the
Generalitat would have to put them in place, potentially risking
prosecution for the misuse of public funds. On 24 March, the Spanish
Public Prosecutor's Office in Catalonia had already announced an Demonstration for Catalan independence
inquiry to determine whether a referendum is in the planning.[39] in 2010
Tendering by the Catalan government for materials such as ballot

papers and envelopes for a putative regional election in the region are thought by some to be an attempt to
covertly organise the referendum.[40][41][42]
In terms of its organisation, the electoral roll is one of the main points in contention, since this is managed by
the National Institute of Statistics, an autonomous organisation placed under the jurisdiction of the government
of Spain. To access its data, polls must have been authorised by the Spanish Congress, something which is out
of the question in this case.[43] Without an undisputed access to the electoral roll, the results may be deemed
unreliable. Similar difficulties could be met when it comes to the electoral commission to be formed for
monitoring the polling and results.[43]
An official announcement by the Generalitat suggested that Catalan residents overseas willing to vote would
have to register. By the end of June 2017, out of 285,000 Catalans living abroad and eligible to vote, 5,000 had
registered.[44]
Tensions within the Catalan gov ernment

On 3 July 2017, president Puigdemont sacked his Minister for
Enterprise, Jordi Baiget, who, in the face of the legal challenges, had
just expressed doubts regarding the referendum taking place as
envisioned by the Catalan government.[45]
Then, on 14 July, Puigdemont proceeded with a cabinet reshuffle,

replacing three additional ministers in his cabinet (the ones responsible
for Presidency, Education and Interior) in a move widely seen as a
removal of the remaining hesitant voices within his cabinet in regards to Demonstration in Bilbao, Basque
the referendum issue.[46] Country in solidarity with Catalan
independence referendum, 16 September
On 17 July, the chief of Catalan police, called Mossos d'Esquadra, 2017
resigned without giving any reason. The Catalan police force is seen as
key to enforcing any court orders sought by the central government
challenging the secession vote.[47]
Additional isolated resignations and dismissals have been noted among some of the high-level civil servants
potentially playing a role with the vote's organisation.[48][49][50][51][52]
Scope
When the Spanish Constitutional court suspended the law on the

referendum on 7 September 2017, it forbade several Catalan office
holders, the Catalan media, as well as the 948 municipalities of
Catalonia to participate in the preparation of the referendum.[53] The
municipalities were instructed to reply within 48 hours whether they
intended to comply or not. Out of 726 municipalities that answered, 682
announced that they would support the referendum anyway, 41
announced they would refuse to support it, and three, including the Protests in Barcelona afterSpanish
municipality of Barcelona, answered without making their intentions police raided Catalan government
clear.[54] Among those that refused to support the referendum, however, buildings, 20 September 2017
there are large population centers,[55] such as the provincial capitals of
Lleida (140,000 inhabitants) and Tarragona (130,000 inhabitants) or the
cities of Terrassa (215,000 inhabitants) and Hospitalet de Llobregat (250,000 inhabitants) governed by PSC
mayors. The mayor of Barcelona, Ada Colau, while refusing to make a statement whether the municipality of
Barcelona would provide logistical support to the referendum or not, strongly criticised the "language of
testosterone" and the pressure that she said was being exerted on the municipalities. Nevertheless, she
announced that she would do anything possible to allow those in Barcelona who wished to vote to do so.[56]
Police operation to stop the r eferendum
On 20 September 2017, following orders of the trial court number 13, the Spanish Civil Guard started
Operation Anubis. During the first day, the police officers raided different headquarters of the Generalitat de
Catalunya and arrested 14 people, including high-ranking persons, administrative staff, and company CEOs
involved in the preparation of the referendum.[57] Simultaneously, several printing companies were searched
for ballot papers and ballot boxes. Crowds spontaneously gathered around the regional ministries to support the
arrested staff and later on several pro-independence organisations, including the Catalan National Assembly
and Omnium Cultural, and called for "peaceful resistance" against the police operation.[58]
During the following days the Spanish Civil Guard and the Spanish National Police would be reinforced with
police officers from the rest of Spain, which are expected to reach 16,000 police and military police officers
distributed in different Catalan cities on 1 October 2017, and would continue to carry out searches in companies
that allegedly had referendum ballots or ballot boxes.[59] This would

that allegedly had referendum ballots or ballot boxes.[59] This would
spark multiple protest demonstrations all across Catalonia, including
cacerolazos during the night. Several other cities of Spain also
organised demonstrations against the police operation.[60]
Administration
Date
The Catalan Government announced it planned to hold the referendum

on 1 October 2017.
Eligibility to vote
The following people are, according to the Catalan government, entitled

to vote in the referendum:
Those who have the political condition of Catalan, are 18 years of

age or older on the voting day, are not under any of the situations
that legally deprive the right to vote and are on the electoral roll.
Those Catalans currently residing abroad and who have their last
residence in Catalonia, fulfil all the legal requirements, and have A Spanish officer of the National Police
formally applied to take part in the voting process. Corps in riot gear outside the front of the
headquarters of the Catalan political
party, Popular Unity Candidacy, on 20
Electoral supervision
September 2017
The Electoral Commission of Catalonia was responsible for overseeing

the referendum.
Question
The question of the referendum was asked "Do you want Catalonia to
become an independent state in the form of a republic?".
Ballot question
Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a

English
republic?
Catalan Voleu que Catalunya sigui un estat independent en forma de repblica?
Quiere que Catalua sea un estado independiente en forma de

Spanish
repblica?
Voletz que Catalonha vengue un estat independent en forma de

Occitan
republica?
Campaign
Ballot paper that the Catalan government
The campaign was planned to last 15 days, spanning from 00:00 on 15 intended to use in the referendum, in
September 2017 to 24:00 on 29 September 2017. Catalan, Castilian Spanish and Aranese
Occitan, the three official languages of
Catalonia
Economic repercussions
As of August 2017 the spread between Spanish 10-year government debt and German bonds was close to its
narrowest in seven years; however, since the start of July the yield on the Catalan regional government's bonds
had jumped by about 50 basis points,[61] signalling unease among investors in regards to the referendum issue.
Hardliners within the secessionist movement have threatened to call for a general strike in case the referendum
eventually does not take place.[61]
Stratfor suggested financial market disruption due to the political upheaval. Predrag Dukic, senior equity sales
trader at CM Capital Markets Bolsa, wrote: "The independence movement seeks to paralyze the region with
strikes, disobedience, etc., a nightmare scenario for what until yesterday seemed a strong Spanish economic
recovery." Markus Schomer, chief global economist at PineBridge Investments, suggested that the uncertainty
both in and outside of Spain has made it hard to price the scenarios into final markets so far. Further he
commented a strong approval could result in a euro 0.0255% sell off, just as in the aftermath of the German
federal election the previous week. "I dont think there is an immediate change coming from that referendum.
It'll take quite a bit longer to assess where this is going and what this will mean, how the EU will react, how the
Spanish government will react. So I don't think you'll see people adjusting their portfolios on Monday, but you
could get the classic knee-jerk, risk-off reaction."[62]
Responses
Domestic
Basque Autonomous Community: The regional parliament

showed its sympathy and support for the referendum and strongly
criticised the Spanish government's stance on the issue. It
denounced any measures taken against the vote or 'democracy'
altogether.[63] ETA, for its part, issued a statement endorsing the
referendum.[64]
Navarre: The parliament of Navarre denounced the Spanish
One of the many gatherings across the
government's de facto 'takeover' of the Catalan devolution and
Basque Country in support of the Catalan
urged it to stop its repressive approach.[65] vote (Zarautz)
UN member states
China: In response to a journalist's question, on 28 September 2017 foreign ministry spokesman Lu

Kang said that the People's Republic of China believes "the issue of Catalonia belongs to the domestic
affairs of Spain. We believe that the Spanish central government can properly handle relevant issues and
maintain national solidarity, unity and prosperity".[66]
France: On 16 June, President Emmanuel Macron stated that he considers the question of Catalan
independence as an internal issue of Spain.[67]
Germany: On 8 September, Steffen Seibert, the spokesman for Chancellor Angela Merkel, stated that
Germany was interested in stability in Spain and that for this it was necessary that the law, including the
Spanish constitution, was respected at all levels.[68] The German government had issued a similar
statement previously in 2015.[69]
Hungary: On 18 September, government spokesman Zoltn Kovcs announced that they would
"respect the will of the people". At the same time, he called the independence issue an "internal issue of
Spain and Catalonia".[70][71]
Lithuania:
Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskait said that the referendum on Catalonia's independence did
not comply with the Spanish Constitution, but to use force is a failure of the Spanish authorities.
The President believes that Madrid and Barcelona will, in any case, speak with one another and
look for solutions to democratic problems [72]
On 28 September, Minister of Foreign Affairs Linas Linkeviius commented that Baltic states'
movement to gain independence from the Soviet Union is not comparable with situation in
Catalonia due to Spain being a democracy that follows the rule of law. At the same time he urged
both parties to have a constructive dialogue without any unnecessary measures.[73][74]
Portugal: Foreign Minister Augusto Santos Silva declined to comment on the referendum in
Catalonia on 27 September, but believes that the Spanish government will be able to resolve the issue, in
agreement with the Spanish constitution and law. Augusto Santos Silva said that this is an internal affair
of Spain.[75]
Russia: The head of the international affairs committee at Russias upper house Konstantin Kosachev
called on the Spanish government to lead a dialogue with the Catalans. Otherwise their contradictions
will only deepen, which could end with the breakup of the state, as it is also shown in Ukraine. This
polling, like the earlier polling in Iraqi Kurdistan, "is another clear and evident clash of the basic
principles the humanity follows: the territorial integrity and the right to self-determination." "A state
should be talking to its citizens, should reach accord. Like we are doing in Russia."[76]
Serbia: Minister of Foreign Affairs Ivica Dai, in a interview with Deutsche Welle, stated that
Catalonia wants to repeat the example of Kosovo, by declaring unilateral independence without any
agreement from Madrid.[77] He stated that Serbia cannot accept such a model and that it is not a political
issue but a problem of international law.[77]
Slovenia: Speaker of the National Assembly Milan Brglez stated that the "Catalans have the right to
self-determination".[78]
United Kingdom: Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson described the referendum as an internal issue for
Spain, saying "Spain is a close ally and a good friend, whose strength and unity matters to the UK", while
also insisting rule of law be upheld.[79]
United States: On 13 April, the embassy in Madrid stated that the U.S. sees the question of Catalan
independence as an internal issue of Spain.[80] On 26 September, President Donald Trump, during his
meeting with Mariano Rajoy, said that "Spain is a great country and it should remain united",[81] but
expressed his doubts on whether a referendum will be held, stating that "I think that nobody knows if
they are gonna have a vote. The President would say they are not going to have a vote. But I think that
the people would be very much opposed to that."[81] Earlier that month, the State Department
spokeswoman Heather Nauert insisted in that the referendum is an internal affair of Spain and that the
US "will work with whatever government or entity that comes out of it".[82]
International organisations and institutions

European Union: On 7 September, Antonio Tajani, the President of the European Parliament, stated
in a letter to Spanish MEP Beatriz Becerra (UPyD) that the constitutional order of each EU member state
needed to be respected at all times. He also stated that if a territory would secede from a EU member
state, it would become a third country with respect to the EU and the EU treaties would no longer apply
there.[83]
On 14 September, the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, said that the EU
"would follow and respect the rulings of the Spanish constitutional court and parliament".[84] Further,
while the EU would respect the choice if a "yes" for Catalan independence were to come to pass, Juncker
stated that Catalonia could not become an EU member the day after the vote.[85]
Council of Europe: The Council of Europe, when consulted by Carles Puigdemont, said that any
referendum must be carried out "in full compliance with the constitution".[17]
United Nations: The UN has refused to participate in the monitoring of the referendum.[86]
On 23 September, the UN Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable

International Order, Alfred de Zayas, issued a media statement[87] where he advocates for the right of
self-determination of Catalan people, reminding "[t]he Spanish Constitution itself stipulates in its articles
10 and 96 the supremacy of international law and in particular international human rights law over of
domestic law" and that "self-determination is not limited to the decolonisation context".
Other political parties, gr oups and sub-national goverments

United Kingdom:
Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the UK Labour Party, issued a statement condemning the violence in
Catalonia and called on the British government to appeal to the Spanish government to end its
crack-down in Catalonia.[88] Later, previous Labour leader Ed Milliband issued a similar
statement, describing scenes as "appalling" and saying "the U.K. government cannot just stay
silent".[89]
Northern Ireland: Michelle Gildernew, the Sinn Fin MP for Fermanagh South Tyrone, called for
international recognition of the referendum.[90]
Scotland: On 16 September, Fiona Hyslop, the Scottish Government Cabinet Secretary for
External Affairs, said: "The decision over Catalonia's future direction is a matter for the people
who live there, and the Catalan and Spanish Governments are perfectly entitled to take positions
for and against independence. However, all peoples have the right to self-determination and to
choose the form of government best suited to their needs, a principle which is enshrined in the UN
Charter."[91]
Wales: First Minister Carwyn Jones of Welsh Labour talked of "violence replacing democracy
and dialogue",[92] while leader of Plaid Cymru Leanne Wood criticised this position describing
violence as "not on both sides".[93]
Ireland: Mick Barry TD of Solidarity attended the referendum as an international observer, the party
condemned the violence and showed support for the declaration of a general strike [94][95]
Dublin: On 22 September, in a letter to Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, the Lord
Mayor of Dublin, Mchel MacDonncha, regretted the legal prosecution of over 700 Catalan
Mayors and urged them "to find a political solution to Catalonias legitimate claims and ask you to
stop threats on my fellow Mayors".[96]
Denmark: A group of 17 Danish MPs from seven parties criticised the growing tensions in the weeks
before the referendum and called on the Spanish government to play a constructive role and encourage
political dialogue.[97]
European Union Parliament: Gregor Gysi, the chairman of the Party of the European Left,
condemned the arrests by the Guardia Civil in the run-up to the referendum and called for a political
solution to the problem.[98]
Italy:
Lega Nord leader Matteo Salvini expressed his solidarity to the Catalan people and his support to
the referendum after the arrests of 14 Catalan government officials.[99]
Sardinia: After the actions of the Spanish government against the referendum, the regional
government of Sardinia offered to the government of Catalonia by resolution of the regional
council to print ballots for the referendum and to guard them, rejecting the actions of the Spanish
government against the referendum and their negative attitude towards dialogue.[100]
Flanders: On 20 September, the Minister-President of the Flemish Region Geert Bourgeois said: "I
regret the recent escalation with a display of power from both the police and court in the Catalan capital
and I urgently call upon the Spanish government to go into dialogue with the Catalan government, the
legitimate representative of the Catalan people. If this is currently impossible, there must be international
mediation."[101]
Switzerland: On 27 September, a group of MPs from all parties of the Council of States sent a letter
to the Spanish government supporting the Catalan referendum, stating that "without taking a decision on
the choice to be made, we believe that the right of the Catalan people to determine their future must be
respected", and condemning the arrests of people and seizure of voting material as "unworthy of a
modern and democratic state".[102]
Rojava: On 29 September, TEV-DEM declared their support for the referendum.[103]
Opinion polls
On the 1 October 2017 r eferendum
Pollsters generally started using the proposed referendum question ("Do you want Catalonia to be an
independent state in the form of a republic?") after it was revealed in early June 2017.[104]
The Centre for Opinion Studies (Centre d'Estudis d'Opini, CEO) polled respondents on their intentions rather
than asking them the actual referendum question. In its March 2017 poll, aside from asking respondents
whether they would want Catalonia to become an independent state, it asked their intents in the event of a
referendum on the independence of Catalonia being called and organised by the Generalitat without agreement
from the Spanish Government. In a July 2017 poll a similar question was proposed, with the difference that it
asked about the actual 1 October referendum.
Overall
Sample Yes No Other/

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date size Abst. Lead
Opinmetre/Ara[p 1] 16 Sep 2017 1,000 44.1 38.1 3.9 13.9 6.0

NC Report/La Razn[p 2][p 3] 18 Aug 2017 800 41.5 48.6 9.9 7.1
Opinmetre/Ara[p 4] 1720 Jul 2017 1,000 41.9 37.8 4.2 16.1 4.1
26 Jun11 Jul
GESOP/CEO[p 5][p 6] 2017 1,500 39.0 23.5 23.0 14.5 15.5
NC Report/La Razn[p 7][p 8] 29 Jun1 Jul 2017 800 44.0 48.6 7.4 4.6
GAD3/La Vanguardia[p 9] 2329 Jun 2017 ? 42.5 37.6 10.2 9.7 4.9
DYM/El Confidencial[p 10] 2228 Jun 2017 531 47.0 44.4 8.6 2.6
Opinmetre/Ara[p 11] 1215 Jun 2017 1,000 42.3 38.9 6.0 12.8 3.4
GESOP/CEO[p 12] 621 Mar 2017 1,500 43.3 22.2 28.6 5.9 21.1
Certain to vote
(Note: voters who were not willing to vote were primarily those opposed to independence and/or a referendum
being held, so support for independence among those who were certain to vote was expected to be high.)[105]
Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample Turnout Yes No Lead

size
The National[p 13] 30 Sep 2017 3,300 62 83.0 16.0 2.0 67.0
Opinmetre/Ara[p 1] 16 Sep 2017 1,000 51.0 69.9 14.3 15.8 55.6
Celeste-Tel/eldiario.es[p 14] 1215 Sep 2017 800 59.9 59.5 30.7 9.8 28.8
28 Aug1 Sep
Sociomtrica/El Espaol[p 15] 2017 700 50 72.0 28.0 44.0
Opinmetre/Ara[p 4] 1720 Jul 2017 1,000 54.9 66.5 18.5 15.0 48.0
26 Jun11 Jul
GESOP/CEO[p 5] 2017 1,500 67.5 57.8 34.8 7.4 23.0
DYM/El Confidencial[p 10] 2228 Jun 2017 531 70.1 65.4 28.4 6.2 37.0
Opinmetre/Ara[p 11] 1215 Jun 2017 1,000 54.9 67.0 19.0 14.0 48.0
On the independence issue

Fieldwork Sample Yes No Other/
Polling firm/Commissioner date size Abst. Lead Question
28 Aug1 Sep
Sociomtrica/El Espaol[p 16] 2017 700 50.1 45.7 4.2 4.4 [I]
26 Jun11 Jul
GESOP/CEO[p 5] 2017 1,500 41.1 49.4 9.5 8.3 [II]
GAD3/La Vanguardia[p 17] 712 Apr 2017 601 41.9 39.7 9.1 9.3 2.2 [III]
GESOP/CEO[p 12] 621 Mar 2017 1,500 44.3 48.5 7.2 4.2 [II]
GAD3/La Vanguardia[p 18] 25 Jan 2017 601 42.3 41.9 5.9 9.9 0.4 [III]
NC Report/La 1623 Dec [IV]

1,000 44.8 47.2 8.0 2.4
Razn[p 19] [p 20] 2016
1217 Dec
DYM/CEO[p 21] 2016 1,047 45.3 46.8 7.8 1.5 [II]
1214 Dec
GESOP/El Peridico[p 22] 2016 800 48.9 40.3 2.4 8.5 8.6 [V]
17 Oct3 Nov
Opinmetre/CEO[p 23] 2016 1,500 44.9 45.1 9.9 0.2 [II]
26 Sep17 Oct
GESOP/ICPS[p 24] 2016 1,200 46.6 33.8 15.0 4.7 10.2 [VI]
NC Report/La Razn[p 25] 26 Aug 2016 1,255 41.3 43.2 15.5 1.9 [VII]
28 Jun13 Jul
GAD3/La Vanguardia[p 27] 1316 Jun 2016 800 48.4 35.3 7.7 8.6 13.1 [III]
22 Feb8 Mar
NC Report/La 2831 Dec [VIII]

1,255 44.1 49.7 6.2 5.6
Razn[p 29] [p 30] 2015
30 Nov3 Dec
DYM/El Confidencial[p 31] 2015 504 37.0 54.0 9.0 17.0 [IX]
2027 Nov
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 32] 2015 1,000 45.5 48.7 5.2 3.2 [X]
1623 Nov
GESOP/CEO[p 33] 2015 1,050 46.6 48.2 5.2 1.6 [II]
Opinmetre/CEO[p 34] 527 Oct 2015 2,000 46.7 47.8 5.6 1.1 [II]
2015 Catalan regional election

1417 Sep
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 35] 2015 1,000 45.2 45.9 8.9 0.7 [X]
1416 Sep
Metroscopia/El Pas[p 36] 2015 2,000 45.0 46.0 9.0 1.0 [XI]
1416 Sep
DYM/El Confidencial[p 37] 2015 1,157 50.0 42.0 8.0 8.0 [IX]
Sigma Dos/El 31 Aug3 Sep [XII]

1,400 44.4 46.2 9.4 1.8
Mundo[p 38] [p 39] 2015
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 40] 69 Jul 2015 1,000 44.5 48.4 7.1 3.9 [XIII]
Opinmetre/CEO[p 41] 224 Jun 2015 2,000 42.9 50.0 7.1 7.1 [II]
2729 Apr
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 42] 2015 1,000 43.7 47.9 8.3 4.2 [XIII]
9 Feb2 Mar
DYM/CEO[p 44] 913 Dec 2014 1,100 44.5 45.3 10.3 0.8 [II]
12 Nov6 Dec
GESOP/ICPS[p 45] 2014 1,200 49.9 27.4 18.8 4.1 22.5 [VI]
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 46] 14 Dec 2014 1,000 47.4 42.9 9.7 4.5 [XIII]
1720 Nov
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 47] 2014 1,000 35.7 44.7 9.6 10.0 9.0 [II]
2014 Catalan self-determination referendum

30 October
GESOP/8tv[p 48] 2014 1,600 46.2 38.0 15.8 8.2 [II]
29 Sep23 Oct
Opinmetre/CEO[p 49] 2014 2,000 49.4 32.3 8.4 10.0 17.1 [II]
2629 Aug
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 50] 2014 ? 34.0 39.5 19.2 5.5 [II]
30 Apr8 May
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 51] 2014 577 43.4 43.5 13.4 0.1 [II]
24 Mar15 Apr
Opinmetre/CEO[p 52] 2014 2,000 47.2 27.9 12.4 12.6 19.3 [II]
2628 Feb
GESOP/El Peridico[p 53] 2014 800 46.1 36.3 17.6 9.8 [II]
1213 Dec
GESOP/El Peridico[p 54] 2013 800 44.1 36.2 19.7 7.9 [II]
1619 Nov
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 55] 2013 1,000 44.9 45.0 10.1 0.1 [II]
GESOP/CEO[p 56] 414 Nov 2013 2,000 54.7 22.1 17.0 6.3 32.6 [VI]
1618 Oct
GESOP/El Peridico[p 57] 2013 800 53.3 41.5 5.3 11.8 [XIV]
25 Sep10 Oct
GESOP/ICPS[p 58] 2013 800 48.6 25.2 21.9 4.3 23.4 [VI]
31 May13 Jun
GESOP/CEO[p 59] 2013 2,000 55.6 23.4 15.9 5.1 32.2 [VI]
2831 May
GESOP/El Peridico[p 60] 2013 800 57.8 36.0 6.3 21.8 [XIV]
GESOP/CEO[p 61] 414 Feb 2013 2,000 54.7 20.7 18.1 6.4 34.0 [VI]
GESOP/El Peridico[p 62] 1416 Jan 2013 800 56.9 35.0 8.2 21.9 [XIV]
27 Nov20 Dec
GESOP/ICPS[p 63] 2012 1,200 49.2 29.2 15.1 6.5 20.0 [VI]
2012 Catalan regional election

1216 Nov
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 64] 2012 1,000 47.5 40.2 10.1 7.3 [XV]
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 65] 69 Nov 2012 1,000 47.9 39.9 10.2 8.0 [XV]
2230 Oct
DYM/CEO[p 66] 2012 2,500 57.0 20.5 14.9 7.7 36.5 [VI]
2226 Oct
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 68] 811 Oct 2012 1,000 54.3 33.1 10.1 21.2 [XV]
2127 Sep
DYM/CEO[p 70] 418 Jun 2012 2,500 51.1 21.1 22.1 5.8 30.0 [VI]
DYM/CEO[p 71] 621 Feb 2012 2,500 44.6 24.7 25.2 5.5 19.9 [VI]
GESOP/ICPS[p 72] 19 Sep27 Oct 2,000 43.7 25.1 23.2 8.0 18.6 [VI]
GESOP/ICPS[p 72] 19 Sep27 Oct 2,000 43.7 25.1 23.2 8.0 18.6 [VI]
2011
29 Sep13 Oct
GESOP/CEO[p 73] 2011 2,500 45.4 24.7 24.4 5.6 20.7 [VI]
GESOP/CEO[p 74] 217 Jun 2011 2,500 42.9 28.2 23.8 5.2 14.7 [VI]
Noxa/La Vanguardia[p 75] 12 Sep 2010 800 40.0 45.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 [XVI]
I. "Would you prefer your community being an ndependent

i state?"
II. "Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state?"
III. "If a legal referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what do you think your vote would be?"
IV. "What would you vote in a referendum on the independence of Catalonia?"
V. "If you went out to vote, would you voteYes or No to independence?"
VI. "If tomorrow a referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what would you do?"
VII. "Do you declare yourself independentist?"
VIII. "Do you favour Catalonia's independence?"
IX. "Do you think Catalonia should separate from Spain and become an independent state?"
X. "If a legal referendum was held, do you think you would voteFor or Against Catalonia becoming an independent
state?"
XI. "If a negotiated and fully legal referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what would be your likeliest
vote?"
XII. "Do you support Catalonia going independent?"
XIII. "If a referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what do you think your vote would be?"
XIV. "Would you agree on Catalonia separating itself from Spain and becoming a new state within the EU?"
XV. "If a referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what would you vote?"
XVI. "If tomorrow a referendum on the independence of Catalonia was held, what would you vote?"
On whether a referendum should be held

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample Yes No Notes
size
On a legal
referendum
Metroscopia/El Pas[p 76] 1821 Sep 2017 2,200 82 16 2 as the best
solution
On the State
GESOP/El Peridico[p 77] 1922 Feb 2017 ? 71.9 26.1 2.0 allowing a
referendum
GAD3/La Vanguardia[p 18] 1316 Jun 2016 800 76.6 19.7 3.6
On holding
NC Report/La Razn[p 19] [p 20] 1623 Dec 2016 1,000 51.1 40.7 8.2 a 9N-style
referendum
84.6 13.8 1.6
GESOP/El Peridico[p 22] 1214 Dec 2016 800 On holding
49.6 48.8 1.6 a not legal
referendum
On agreeing
a
NC Report/La Razn[p 25] 26 Aug 2016 1,255 52.0 35.1 12.9 referendum
with the
State
GAD3/La Vanguardia[p 27] 1316 Jun 2016 800 75.7 20.6 3.7
On the need
DYM/El Confidencial[p 31] 30 Nov3 Dec 2015 504 69.0 26.0 5.0 of holding a
referendum
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 32] 2027 Nov 2015 1,000 78.8 19.9 1.3
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 35] 1417 Sep 2015 1,000 79.2 18.6 2.2
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 40] 69 Jul 2015 1,000 79.8 19.4 0.8
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 42] 2729 Apr 2015 1,000 79.1 19.4 1.5
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 46] 14 Dec 2014 1,000 83.9 14.5 1.6
On holding
NC Report/La Razn[p 78] 1315 Nov 2014 ? 54.3 39.9 5.8 an agreed
referendum
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 51] 30 Apr8 May 2014 577 74.0 24.6 1.4
On the State
authorizing
GESOP/El Peridico[p 54] 1213 Dec 2013 800 73.6 20.0 6.4 the 9N
referendum
On the
Government
75.1 20.8 4.2 of Spain
authorizing
GESOP/El Peridico[p 60] 2831 May 2013 800 a
referendum
On holding
69.6 25.8 2.3 a
referendum
On holding
a
referendum
GESOP/El Peridico[p 62] 1416 Jan 2013 800 62.9 30.5 6.6 even with
the State's
opposition

Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 67] 2226 Oct 2012 1,000 81.5 17.5 1.0
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 68] 811 Oct 2012 1,000 81.7 17.6 0.7
Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 69] 2127 Sep 2012 1,200 83.9 14.9 1.2
Conduct
On the day of the poll, Spanish police and the Guardia Civil mounted
operations to prevent people reaching voting stations, at times using
batons and firing rubber bullets in attempts to keep voters away. They
raided polling stations in Barcelona, Girona and elsewhere; they forced
entry to the premises, ejected the occupants with force, and seized
ballot boxes containing votes. According to the Catalan health service,
840 people were injured.[106][107][108]
Results
Choice Votes %
Yes 2,020,144 91.96
No 176,565 8.04
Valid votes 2,196,709 97.10
Invalid or blank A person voting in Guinard, Barcelona

65,715 2.90
votes
Total votes 2,262,424 100.00
Registered voters
5,343,358 42.34
and turnout
Source: Generalitat of Catalonia
The Catalan government estimated that up to 770,000 votes were seized by police in raids on polling stations,
and therefore not counted.[109] This would represent a little over 14% of the possible turnout, given the stated
electorate size of 5,343,358 persons.
Reactions
Reactions came from a multitude of avenues.
See also
Catalan independence
Catalan Republic
History of Catalonia
Politics of Catalonia
Catalan nationalism
Iraqi Kurdistan independence referendum, 2017
Opinion poll sources

1. "Participaci del 60% i ms avantatge del s l'1-O" (http://www.ara.cat/politica/Participacio-del-mes-avan
tatge_0_1871212940.html). Ara (in Catalan). 16 September 2017.
2. "La mayora de los catalanes cree que el referndum no se celebrar" (http://www.larazon.es/espana/la-m
ayoria-de-los-catalanes-cree-que-el-referendum-no-se-celebrara-OK15797485). La Razn (in Spanish).
16 August 2017.
3. "Encuesta NC Report" (http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_7016995_2017081604
3901.jpg). La Razn (in Spanish). 16 August 2017.
4. "La pressi de lEstat no fa perdre suports a l1-O ni a la independncia" (http://www.ara.cat/politica/pres
sio-lEstat-perdre-suports-independencia_0_1838216205.html). Ara (in Catalan). 24 July 2017.
5. "Barmetre d'Opini Poltica. 2a onada 2017" (http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOPorta
l/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossier_de_premsa_-857.pdf) (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 21 July 2017.
6. "Barmetre d'Opini Poltica. 2a onada 2017 - REO 857" (http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/pages/hom
e/fitxaEstudi.html?colId=6288&lastTitle=Bar%F2metre+d%27Opini%F3+Pol%EDtica.+2a+onada+201
7) [Political Opinion Barometer. 2nd wave 2017 - REO 857]. CEO (in Catalan, Spanish, and English). 21
July 2017.
7. "Referndum: La mayora dice no a la repblica catalana" (http://www.larazon.es/espana/referendum-l
a-mayoria-dice-no-a-la-republica-catalana-HB15507563). La Razn (in Spanish). 3 July 2017.
8. "Encuesta NC Report" (http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_6772037_2017070305
4520.jpg). La Razn (in Spanish). 3 July 2017.
9. "El 54% de los catalanes est dispuesto a participar en una consulta unilateral" (http://www.lavanguardia.
com/politica/20170702/423834402373/el-54-de-los-catalanes-esta-dispuesto-a-participar-en-una-consulta
-unilateral.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2 July 2017.
10. "El 65,4% de los catalanes que han decidido ir a las urnas el 1-O votar s a la independencia" (http://ww
w.elconfidencial.com/espana/2017-07-03/encuesta-dym-65-catalanes-iran-a-las-urnas-votara-si-independ
encia-1-de-octubre-referendum_1408498/). El Confidencial (in Spanish). 3 July 2017.
11. "Primera encuesta sobre el referndum cataln: participacin del 64% y ventaja para el 's' " (http://www.
ara.cat/es/referendum-independencia-si-encuesta-ventaja-sondeo-cataluna-catalanes_0_1816618469.htm
l). Ara (in Spanish). 18 June 2017.
12. "Barmetre d'Opini Poltica. 1a onada 2017" (http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2017/03/30/11/0
7/bd7b146e-0841-4cf1-9e8a-9e644f1cd0d1.pdf) (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 30 March 2017.
13. "Huge upsurge in support for independence is revealed in world exclusive final Catalan poll" (http://ww
w.thenational.scot/news/15567874.Huge_upsurge_in_support_for_independence_is_revealed_in_world_
exclusive_final_Catalan_poll/). The National. 3 September 2017.
14. "El 60% de los catalanes quiere participar en el referndum del 1-O" (http://www.eldiario.es/politica/cata
lanes-encuesta-referendum_0_687681559.html). eldiario.es (in Spanish). 17 September 2017.
15. "El 's' ganar con un 72% y un 50% de participacin si se celebra el referndum" (http://www.elespanol.
com/espana/politica/20170904/244226382_0.html). El Espaol (in Spanish). 5 September 2017.
16. "El 50,1% de los catalanes est a favor de la independencia, el 45,7% en contra" (http://www.elespanol.c
om/espana/20170902/243726044_0.html). El Espaol (in Spanish). 3 September 2017.
17. "El referndum unilateral pierde apoyos frente a la consulta acordada" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.co
m/preview/2017/04/17/pagina-10/97696630/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 April 2017.
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om/preview/2017/01/09/pagina-14/97450130/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 January 2017.
19. "El 82,2% aprueba la oferta de dilogo del Gobierno a la Generalitat" (http://www.larazon.es/espana/el-8
2-2-aprueba-la-oferta-de-dialogo-del-gobierno-a-la-generalitat-IN14198110). La Razn (in Spanish). 27
December 2016.
20. "Apoyo a ms financiacin y mayor autogobierno" (http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_co
ntent_5873144_20161227022550.pdf) (PDF). La Razn (in Spanish). 27 December 2016.
21. "Enquesta sobre context poltic a Catalunya. 2016" (http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2016/12/29/
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as/politica/referendum-independencia-encuesta-5697731). El Peridico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 17
December 2016.
23. "Barmetre d'Opini Poltica 39. 3a onada 2016" (http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2016/11/17/1
2/39/6e2a0387-47ed-4584-b6c7-0da2d7441b2a.pdf) (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 18 November 2016.
24. "Sondeig d'opini Catalunya 2016" (http://www.icps.cat/archivos/sondeigs/sc2016nacespcat.pdf) (PDF).
ICPS (in Catalan). 17 October 2016.
25. "La mitad de los catalanes cree que el Parlament se someter al TC" (http://www.larazon.es/espana/la-mit
ad-de-los-catalanes-cree-que-el-parlament-se-sometera-al-tc-CD13327533). La Razn (in Spanish). 12
August 2016.
26. "Barmetre d'Opini Poltica 38. 2a onada 2016" (http://ceo.gencat.cat/ceop/AppJava/export/sites/CEOP
ortal/documents/dossiers_premsa/Dossier_de_premsa_-826.pdf) (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 22 July 2016.
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1/09/0312d080-3f65-47f8-a2ef-e3675c575ec5.pdf) (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 18 March 2016.
29. "La gran mayora de los catalanes pide no apoyar a Mas" (http://www.larazon.es/espana/la-gran-mayoria-
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January 2016.
30. "Cree que se deberan repetir las elecciones al Parlament de Catalua?" (http://www.larazon.es/documen
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31. "Ciudadanos disputara la victoria a ERC si se adelantan las elecciones en Catalua" (http://www.elconfi
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ciones-en-cataluna_1114097/). El Confidencial (in Spanish). 6 December 2015.
32. "El no a la independencia vuelve a cobrar ventaja" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2015/1
1/29/pagina-21/96214933/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 29 November 2015.
33. "Enquesta sobre context poltic a Catalunya. 2015" (http://premsa.gencat.cat/pres_fsvp/docs/2015/12/02/
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35. "Empate tcnico entre partidarios y contrarios a la independencia" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/p
review/2015/09/20/pagina-22/95861544/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 20 September 2015.
36. "Intencin de voto en Catalua" (http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/09/18/media/1442600262_010904.html).
El Pas (in Spanish). 18 September 2015.
37. "Slo un 16% de catalanes cree que una declaracin de independencia es la solucin" (http://www.elconfi
dencial.com/espana/cataluna/elecciones-catalanas/2015-09-19/solo-un-16-de-catalanes-cree-que-una-decl
aracion-de-independencia-es-la-solucion_1024710/). El Confidencial (in Spanish). 19 September 2015.
38. "Un 46% de los catalanes, en contra de la independencia" (http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2015/09/07/5
5ec6a66e2704e7e458b4585.html). El Mundo (in Spanish). 7 September 2015.
39. "La cuestin independentista" (http://www.elmundo.es/grafico/espana/2015/09/07/55ec9a4b22601dd107
8b4584.html). El Mundo (in Spanish). 7 September 2015.
40. "Casi el 40% apoya reformar la Constitucin como salida" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/
2015/07/12/pagina-18/95634512/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 July 2015.
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42. "Los catalanes exigen una mayora muy reforzada para la independencia" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardi
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45. "Sondeig d'opini Catalunya 2014" (http://www.icps.cat/archivos/sondeigs/sc2014nacespcat.pdf) (PDF).
ICPS (in Catalan). 6 December 2014.
46. "La mayora ve el plan independentista de Mas perjudicial para la economa" (http://hemeroteca.lavangua
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2014.
47. "Barmetre d'Opini Poltica 39. 3a onada 2016" (http://www.elmundo.es/grafico/espana/2014/11/24/547
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48. "EXCLUSIVA enquesta Gesop: el 46,2% dels catalans votarien avui a favor de la independncia" (http://
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50. "La secesin divide a los catalanes..." (http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2014/09/01/54038585ca4741d46
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51. "Empate entre partidarios y contrarios a la independencia" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/
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53. "La mayora de catalanes creen que no habr referendo el 9-N" (http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/p
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Spanish). 9 March 2014.
54. "El 74% de los catalanes reclaman a Rajoy que autorice la consulta" (http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noti
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57. "La opcin 'ms autogobierno' iguala en apoyo a la independencia" (http://www.elperiodico.com/es/notic
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58. "Sondeig d'opini Catalunya 2013" (http://www.icps.cat/repositorio/archivos/sondeigs/sc2013nacespcat.p
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60. "Barmetre poltic de Catalunya. Maig 2013" (http://www.elperiodico.com/es/ext_resources/gesop/BarE
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62. "La mayora de los catalanes estn a favor de la consulta" (http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/politic
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63. "Sondeig d'opini Catalunya 2012" (http://www.icps.cat/archivos/sondeigs/SC2012NacEspCatala.pdf)
(PDF). ICPS (in Catalan). 20 December 2012.
64. "El pacto fiscal sigue imponindose a la independencia, que se estanca" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.
com/preview/2012/11/18/pagina-20/90815516/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 18 November
2012.
65. "El pacto fiscal se impone a la independencia, que pierde apoyo" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/pr
eview/2012/11/11/pagina-20/90756941/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 11 November 2012.
1/14/6bffd5a2-fe82-4ba9-b88c-efe7a27911d0.pdf) (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 8 November 2012.
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68. "El 65% ve viable la independencia pero entiende el temor empresarial" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.
com/preview/2012/10/14/pagina-20/90600942/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 14 October 2012.
69. "El 84% de los catalanes apoya una consulta y el 55%, la independencia" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardi
a.com/preview/2012/10/14/pagina-20/90600942/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 September
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72. "Sondeig d'opini Catalunya 2011" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150716165026/http://www.icps.cat/ar
chivos/sondeigs/SC2011NacEspCatala.pdf) (PDF). ICPS (in Catalan). 27 October 2011. Archived from
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0/46/bd872d6e-4d2f-4683-a4b2-5214aa4b2b95.pdf) (PDF). CEO (in Catalan). 25 October 2011.
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75. "El apoyo a la independencia remite y cae al 40%,frente al 45%en contra" (http://hemeroteca.lavanguardi
a.com/preview/2010/09/07/pagina-13/82891388/pdf.html). La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 7 September
2010.
76. "Sondeo sobre el referndum en Catalua" (https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/09/22/media/1506106430_606
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External links
Catalan independence referendum, 2017 (in English) (in Catalan) (in Occitan) (in Spanish)
Catalonia Votes (in English) (in German) (in Spanish) (in French)
Opinion Studies Center (in Catalan, Spanish and English)
Organizations urge the EU to suspend Spains right of vote if blocks referendum
The Guardian view on Catalonias referendum: the Spanish state has lost
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Catalan independence referendum, 2017

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The regional Government of Catalonia held a

The Government of Spain opposes any Catalan self-

Following a constitutionality check demanded by the Provisional results.

2014 self-determination r eferendum

2015 regional election

Declaration of the Initiation of the Pr ocess of

Organisation Anti-independence graffiti in Badalona

The Catalan government's decree officially calling the referendum was

Shortly after the referendum was announced, attention focused on the

Tendering by the Catalan government for materials such as ballot

Tensions within the Catalan gov ernment

Then, on 14 July, Puigdemont proceeded with a cabinet reshuffle,

When the Spanish Constitutional court suspended the law on the

Police operation to stop the r eferendum

that allegedly had referendum ballots or ballot boxes.[59] This would

The Catalan Government announced it planned to hold the referendum

The following people are, according to the Catalan government, entitled

Those who have the political condition of Catalan, are 18 years of

The Electoral Commission of Catalonia was responsible for overseeing

Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a

Catalan Voleu que Catalunya sigui un estat independent en forma de repblica?

Quiere que Catalua sea un estado independiente en forma de

Voletz que Catalonha vengue un estat independent en forma de

Basque Autonomous Community: The regional parliament

China: In response to a journalist's question, on 28 September 2017 foreign ministry spokesman Lu

International organisations and institutions

On 23 September, the UN Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable

Other political parties, gr oups and sub-national goverments

Sample Yes No Other/

Opinmetre/Ara[p 1] 16 Sep 2017 1,000 44.1 38.1 3.9 13.9 6.0

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample Turnout Yes No Lead

On the independence issue

NC Report/La 1623 Dec [IV]

NC Report/La 2831 Dec [VIII]

2015 Catalan regional election

Sigma Dos/El 31 Aug3 Sep [XII]

2014 Catalan self-determination referendum

2012 Catalan regional election

I. "Would you prefer your community being an ndependent

On whether a referendum should be held

Feedback/La Vanguardia[p 65] 69 Nov 2012 1,000 73.6 24.0 2.4

Yes 2,020,144 91.96

Valid votes 2,196,709 97.10

Invalid or blank A person voting in Guinard, Barcelona

Total votes 2,262,424 100.00

Reactions came from a multitude of avenues.

Opinion poll sources

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