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Sheikh

ay [jx], mostly :onounced /ek/ SHAYK or /ik/ SHEEK; Arabic

uy [uju:x])also transliterated Sheik, S pronounced [ex/ejx], plural


haik, Shayk, Shaykh, Shaikh, Cheikh, Shekh, and Shaikhis
an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates the ruler of
a tribe, who inherited the title from his father. "Sheikh" is given to a royal male
.at birth, whereas the related title "Sheikha" is given to a royal female at birth

Contents

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1 Etymology and meaning

2 Sufi term

3 Regional usage

3.1 Arabian Peninsula

3.2 Lebanon

3.3 Maghreb

3.4 Horn of Africa

3.5 West Africa

3.6 South Asia

3.7 Southeast Asia

4 For women

5 See also

6 Notes
7 External links

Etymology and meaning[edit]

Kurdish sheikhs, 1895

The word in Arabic stems from a triliteral root connected with age and
aging: --, shn-y'-kh'. The term literally means a man of vast power, and
nobility, and it is used strictly for the royal families of the Middle East. The title
carries the meaning leader, elder, or noble, especially in the Arabian
Peninsula within the Tribes of Arabia, where shaikh became a traditional title of
a Bedouin tribal leader in recent centuries. Due to the cultural impact
of Arab civilization, and especially through the spread of Islam, the word has
gained currency as a religious term or general honorific in many other parts of
the world as well, notably in Muslim cultures in Africa and Asia.[citation needed]
While the title can be used religiously by Muslims to designate a learned
person, as an Arabic word it is essentially independent of religion. It is notably
used by Druze for their religious men, but also by Arab Christians for elder men
of stature. Its usage and meaning is similar to the Latin senex meaning "old
[man]", from which the Latin (and English) "senator" is derived. Accordingly,
the Arabic term for most legislative bodies termed Senate (e.g. the United
States Senate) is majlis al-shuykh, literally meaning "Council of Senators".
[citation needed]

Sufi term[edit]
In Islamic Sufism, the word Shaikh is used to represent a wali who initiates a
particular tariqa which leads to Muhammad, although many saints have this
title added before their names out of respect from their followers. One
prominent example is Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, who initiated
the Qadiriyya order which relies strongly upon adherence to the fundamentals
of Islam.[1]
Regional usage[edit]
Arabian Peninsula[edit]

Sheikh Juma Al Maktoum(left) and Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum Al Maktoum (right) of the Maktoum
family

In the Arabian Peninsula, the title is used for royalty, such as kings, princes,
and princesses. For example, it was the term used in the West to refer to
the leaders of Kuwait's ruling Al-Sabah dynasty, and in UAE Al-Nahyan dynasty.
The same applies to all the Gulf countries. The term is used by almost every
male and female (Sheikha) member of all the Gulf royal houses.

Lebanon[edit]
In Mount Lebanon, the title usually refers to members of the traditional
noble Christian, Druze, Sunni and Shiite feudal families such as
the Maronite families of El-Khazen of Kisrawan District, Hubaysh of the town
of Ghazir, al-Dahdah of the Foutouh District, El-Saad of the town of Ain Trez and
El-Khoury of the town of the Rechmayya, Gemayel of the town of Bikfaya, El
Hachem of the town of Aaqoura, El Daher of the Zawiya District; Abou Saab of
the Qoueiteh District, the Greek Orthodox family of Azar of the Koura District,
the Druze families of Imad, Abou Nakad, Talhouk, Junblat, and Abd al-Malik of
the Gharb and the Chouf Districts, the Sunni families as El Cheikh
Moussa family of Beirut and the Shiite families of Hamadeh now of
the Hermel District, but previously from Mount Lebanon, and El Asaad of South
Lebanon.[2][3]
Maghreb[edit]
In the Maghreb, during the Almohad dynasty, the caliph was also counseled by
a body of shaykhs. They represented all the different tribes under their rules,
including Arabs, (Bedouins), Andalusians and Berbers and were also
responsible for mobilizing their kinsmen in the event of war. [4]
Horn of Africa[edit]
Main articles: Somali aristocratic and court titles and Ethiopian aristocratic and
court titles
Somali Sheikh Muhammad Dahir Roble reading a Muslim sermon.

In the Muslim parts of the Horn of Africa, Sheikh is often used as a noble title.
In Somali society, it is reserved as an honorific for senior Muslim leaders and
clerics (wadaad), and is often abbreviated to "Sh".[5] Famous local Sheikhs
include Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, an early Muslim leader in
northern Somalia; Abadir Umar Ar-Rida, the patron saint of Harar; Abd al-
Rahman al-Jabarti, Sheikh of the riwaq in Cairo who recorded the Napoleonic
invasion of Egypt; Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla'i, scholar who played a
crucial role in the spread of the Qadiriyyah movement in Somalia and East
Africa; Shaykh Sufi, 19th century scholar, poet, reformist and
astrologist; Abdallah al-Qutbi, polemicist, theologian and philosopher best
known for his five-part Al-Majmu'at al-mubaraka ("The Blessed Collection");
and Muhammad Al-Sumaalee, teacher in the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca who
influenced many of the prominent Islamic scholars of today.[6]

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