VoLTE Performance

Evaluation
Initial testing

Etisalat UAE
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 2

VoLTE Performance Assessment

Test Overview
DRAFT
VoLTE test was done on Monday
16th Nov.

Location: Huawei Cluster

around Merdif City Center mall /
Airport and Sheikh Zayed.

Devices Used:
MO : Nokia Lumia
MT : Samsung S5

Logging : QXDM
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 3

VoLTE Performance Assessment

VoLTE Continuity
DRAFT
The first observation was that the VoLTE
calls are quickly handovered to 3G visa
SRVCC.

The longest active VoLTE call before moving

to 3G was less than 3 minutes

Total 52 VoLTE calls made

3 calls ended in VoLTE SIP: Bye
3 calls SIP Failures Continue with CSFB
18 calls SRVCC before Connect Call
failure on 3G
28 calls SRVCC all successful (Radio)
SIP Message Count
Invite 52
100 Trying 51
183 Progress 43
180 Ringing 34
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 4

VoLTE - SRVCC Performance

RSRP Distribution
DRAFT
While the RSRP distribution is not
representative since the UE will be
Handovered to 3G at relatively high RSRP,
the distribution still shows a considerable
samples percentage below -95dBm (~15%)

RSRP distribution should be verified from a LTE

Locked DL data testing to get the correct
distribution.

RSRP Distribution
45.00% 100.00%
40.00%
35.00% 80.00%
30.00%
60.00%
25.00%
20.00%
40.00%
15.00%
10.00% 20.00%
5.00%
0.00% 0.00%
-140.00 to -110.00 to -100.00 to -90.00 to - -80.00 to - -70.00 to - -60.00 to -
-110.00 -100.00 -90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00

PDF CDF
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 5

VoLTE to VoLTE Call Flow

MO E-UTRAN / IMS CN
DRAFT
MT
SIP: INVITE (SDP Offer)
Call Initiation

If UE in Idle RACH + RRC Connection

Stage

SIP: 100 Trying

If UE in Idle Page Rcved + RACH + RRC Connection
SIP: INVITE (SDP Offer)

SIP: 100 Trying

SIP: 183 Session Progress
Proceeding

Network Activate dedicated EPS bearer Network Activate dedicated EPS bearer
Stage
Call

SIP: 183 Session Progress

SIP: PRACK
SIP: PRACK
SIP: 200 OK (PRACK)
SIP: 200 OK (PRACK)

SIP: Update
SIP: Update
Call Alerting &
Answer Stage

SIP: Update (200 OK)

Ring-back Tone
stops Ring-back tone
SIP: Update (200 OK)
SIP: 180 Ringing (SDP Answer)
SIP: 180 Ringing (SDP Answer) MT answers after hearing the ring
SIP: 200 OK (Invite)
SIP: 200 OK (Invite)
SIP: ACK (Ok 200)

Bi-directional RTP Packets & Audio

SIP: ACK (Ok 200)
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 6

VoLTE Setup Failure DRAFT

Typical Failure Scenario
Aside is the call flow of a
typical VoLTE failure due to
lack of aSRVCC Support.

In total 18 calls failed with

the same Scenario;
Receiving CC Disconnect
on 3G with Cause
Interworking, unspecified

For MT the failure could be

transparent in case the call
was handovered to 3G
before reaching the 180
Ringing, else the MT will
perceive a drop after ringing
like the case shown here.
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 7

SRVCC Standard Evolution in 3GPP

Background info on aSRVCC
DRAFT
RELEASE 12
RELEASE 11
PS to CS SRVCC of
RELEASE 10 originating call in the
Video SRVCC pre-alerting phase
RELEASE 9 SRVCC with
(vSRVCC) (bSRVCC)
RELEASE 8 SRVCC from
ATCF/ATGW
MSC Assisted Mid-Call GERAN/UTRAN to E-
enhancement
SRVCC for single Feature, to support session UTRAN (rSRVCC)
(eSRVCC)
active session transfer of held session,
active session and held
SRVCC for alerting
session (aSRVCC)
session, conference

eSRVCC: Enhanced SRVCC

aSRVCC: PS to CS SRVCC access transfer of a call in the Alerting phase
vSRVCC: Video SRVCC
rSRVCC: Reverse SRVCC from GERAN/UTRAN to E-UTRAN (3GPP TR 23.885)
bSRVCC: PS to CS SRVCC access transfer of a call Before alerting phase (i.e. pre-alerting)
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 8

SRVCC at (Pre)Alerting Phase with QCI=1 DRAFT

Alerting Phase (a-SRVCC) Pre-Alerting Phase (b-SRVCC)

Refers to a SIP session for which all possibly existing dialogs
created by the SIP INVITE request initiating the session are
early dialogs, for which no final SIP response has been
received yet and for which SIP 180 (Ringing) response has
already been received in an existing early dialogs
Refers to a SIP session for which all possibly existing dialogs
created by the SIP INVITE request initiating the session are
early dialogs, for which no final SIP response has been
received yet and for which SIP 180 (Ringing) response has
not been received yet in any existing early dialogs

In both cases, if IMS or UE dont support the features, the call setup will fail 100% of the time
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 9

SRVCC at (Pre)Alerting Phase without QCI=1 DRAFT

Pre-Alerting Phase without QCI=1

Refers to a SIP session for which all possibly existing dialogs created by the SIP INVITE request initiating the
session are early dialogs, for which no final SIP response has been received yet and for which SIP 180
(Ringing) response has not been received yet in any existing early dialogs nor SIP 183 (Session Progress) and
QCI=1 is not yet established. In many vendors, in this case if B1/B2 are triggered, re-direction is initiated as this
is considered as PS Data call from eNB side

Without QCI=1 established and with early SIP Invite only, eNB treats the call as PS call and can trigger Redirection as a
response to B1 or B2
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 10

VoLTE Setup Failure DRAFT

SIP Failure - 1
In this case, after the UE received
183 Session Progress, the
network replied with SIP: 503
Service Unavailable, and then
SIP 481: Call/Transaction Does
Not Exist.
the UE then sent Extended
Service Request to proceed with
CSFB and the network redirected it
to 3G.

Call was setup successfully on 3G

later with complete call setup time
(starting from SIP: Invite) of 10.3
Seconds

This case happened twice within

the testing
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 11

VoLTE Setup Failure DRAFT

SIP Failure 2
For this case the UE
initiated the VoLTE call
normally.

The UE Received 183

Session Progress and
activated EPS bearer with
QCI1 and continued
normally till 180 Ringing.
Before the call was
answered the UE recives
ESM Modify for its QCI1
EPS bearer and receives a
new 183 Session
progress and he
proceeded normally once
again after it.
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 12

VoLTE Setup Failure DRAFT

SIP Failure 2 Contd
After ~27 seconds the UE
received SIP: 500 Server
Internal Error

The EPS Bearer with QCI1

was deactivated and the UE
sent Extended Service
Request to try CSFB

The network releases the RRC

directing the UE to 3G where it
continues the call.

Call Setup time 34.95

Seconds !!
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 13

DRAFT

LTE UTRAN Mobility

SRVCC and Re-selection
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 14

SRVCC Parameters
A1 & A2
DRAFT
A2 thresholds defined for VoLTE are to conservative, other markets ETS - Huawei
are reaching up to -114 dBm with acceptable drop rates
Parameter
Recommendation to stretch them based on RF distribution study
A1 A2
A2 event threshold of -93/-94 dBm set for VoLTE should be activated
with the setup of QCI1 rather than QCI5, in order to prevent reportQuantity RSRP RSRP
unnecessary events / action for VoLTE SIM doing PS data transfer!
Threshold -94 -95
Below the current measurement configuration progression

Hysteresis 2 dB 2 dB

ReportAmount 0 0
A2 = -111
QCI5 A2 = -111
A2 = -115 A2 = -111 A2 = -115 filterCoefficient fc6 fc6
A2 = -115 A2 = -93
A2 = -93 timeToTrigger 160 160
QCI8 QCI1
ReportInterval 480 480
RSRP thresholds for A2 Event Sent after the setup of each Bearer
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 15

SRVCC Parameters
B1
DRAFT
EcN0 -12 dB could lead to delayed SRVCC specially in times of Busy hours on ETS - Huawei
3G below distribution showing B1 triggering SRVCC time.
Parameter
One of the proposal to minimize the probability of aSRVCC is to extend Time to B1
Trigger for Event B1, and hence higher probability to answer the call before the
aSRVCC kicks in. Report Quantity EcN0
This should also be coupled with A2 event threshold of -93/-94 dBm set for
VoLTE to be activated for QCI1 rather than QCI5 and making use of the short b1-ThresholdUTRA -12 dB
VoLTE Call Setup time.

As per standard the Maximum value could be set to 5120ms but some vendors Hysteresis 2 dB
have some special settings to extend it Check with Huawei the maximum
possible value. ReportAmount Infinity
Time from first MRM with 3G cell to SRVCC Command Dist.
filterCoefficient fc6
25
20
timeToTrigger 160 ms
15
10 480 ms
ReportInterval
5
0 MaxReportedCells 4
1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 16

LTE IRAT Cell Reselection Rules DRAFT

Measured variables
Obtained in SIB3
UE is Camped Obtained in SIB6 (UTRAN) or SIB7 (GERAN)
(Suitable cell, S)
Note: SIB6 is used for LTE UTRAN whereas
Perform SIB7 is used for LTE GSM, cell reselection
Measurements
YES NO
** Only if at least 1 sec
ReselPrioOthRAT > SNonServingCell,x > has elapsed since camping
ReselPrioSerFreq Thresh x, high for on serving cell
TReselectionRAT

NO YES
Perform Reselection**
Snonintrasearch NO
included
YES
Perform
YES
Measurements
YES SNonServingCell,x >
SServingCell <
YES SServingCell > Thresh x, low for
Thresh serving, low
Snonintrasearch TReselectionRAT
NO

NO Not Applicable for current NW

NO
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 17

LTE Inter RAT Cell Reselection to UTRAN

Parameter Audit
DRAFT
Parameter SIB ETS Huawei QC Recommendation Comments
If set low, the UE may camp on a cell with low quality and
q-RxLevMin SIB 3 -116 dBm -120 dBm
may not be able to receive reliable service.

s-NonIntraSearch SIB 3 8 dB 6 dB

A low value of this parameter may delay reselection from a

threshServingLow SIB 3 2 dB 4 dB weak cell to a stronger more suitable (inter-frequency or
inter-RAT) cell of a lower priority
cellReselectionPriority SIB 3 7 Deployment Strategy Dependent
cellReselectionPriority SIB 6 3 Deployment Strategy Dependent

A high value of this parameter causes delay of the

reselection to a cell (and frequency) that is a higher priority
threshX-High SIB 6 12 dB 8 dB than the current cell (and frequency). A low value of this
parameter may cause reselection to cell that is significantly
weaker (and possibly poorer quality) than the current cell.

threshX-Low SIB 6 12 dB 8 dB

q-RxLevMin SIB 6 -115 dBm -113 dBm

q-QualMin SIB 6 -22 dB -18 dB
t-ReselectionUTRA SIB 6 1 sec 2 Sec
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 18

Proposed Features
TTI Bundling & RoHC
DRAFT
Transmission of VoIP packets (~ 42 bytes) RTP/UDP and IP headers could be
over one TTI at the cell edge may lead to compressed for better OTA Performance
high residual HARQ BLER due to Tx power
limitations.

The idea is to spread the transmission over

4 consecutive TTIs.

Alternative: RLC segmentation or regular

HARQ re-transmissions

Payload AMR 12.65Kbps AMR 23.85Kbps

AMR Payload
33 Bytes 61 Bytes
(20ms)
40 bytes (3 Bytes with
RTP/UDP/IPv4 40 bytes (3 Bytes with RoHC)
RoHC)
PDCP Header 1 Byte 1 Byte
Without RoHC = 73 B Without RoHC = 102 B
Total PDCP PDU
With RoHC = 37 B With RoHC = 65 B
80-xxxxx-1 Rev A November 22, 2015 Qualcomm Proprietary and Confidential 19

Conclusion
Initial Testing conclusion
DRAFT
With current SRVCC thresholds VoLTE call are rarely maintained on LTE in Mobility.

Recommendation to activate A2 SRVCC related measurements base don QCI1 setup rather than
QCI5 as currently configured in order not to impact VoLTE SIMs user doing data sessions.

A2/A1 thresholds could be further stretched for better VoLTE sustainability and performance in
general.

B1 threshold could be further stretched to allow the finding of good 3G candidates, specially in
busy hours.

SRVCC before call connect is causing major VoLTE call setup failure impact on the users,
increasing B1 Time to Trigger might decrease the possibility of hitting it before the call is
connected.

Features to be considered for activation : TTI Bundling Robust Header Compression

RF distribution analysis required to adjust the gap between Idle and VoLTE SRVCC thresholds.
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