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ii. Self Aligning Ball Bearings and Spherical Roller Bearings are
suitable for such parts as are apt to be subjected to permanent
bending or warping and fluctuating misalignment occurs
between shaft and bearing housing.
iii. Cylindrical roller Bearings are suitable for those shafts which
have been allowed to move freely longitudinally within certain
limits, and for far larger and heavily loaded applications.
iv. Taper Roller Bearings are suitable where radial and thrust loads
or any combination of both are required to be handled and in
dealing with heavy composite loads as in case of automobile
parts.
vii. In very high speed spindles and machines only, bearings with
precision tolerances are used.
viii. Ball Bearings with mechanical brass cages are more suitable
at high speeds.
If the bearing loads with its directions of the ratios of radial and thrust
capacity and speed is accurately determined, its life span can also be
established. The necessary bearing size can also be determined.
However the selection is so complex that general rules can hardly be
drawn up.
1. Remove all outside dirt from housing 1. Don't work in dirty surrounding.
before exposing bearing.
2. Treat a used bearing as carefully as you 2. Dont use dirty, brittle or chipped tools
would a new one.
3. Work with clean tools in clean 3. Don't use wooden mallets or work on
surroundings. wooden bench top.
4. Handle with clean, dry hands, or better, 4. Don't handle with dirty, moist hands.
clean canvas gloves.
5. Use clean solvents and flushing oils. 5. Don't use gasolines containing tetrethly
lead, as they may be injurious to health.
7. Protect disassembled bearing form rust 7. Don't spin bearings with compressed
and dirt. air.
8. Use clean rags to wipe bearing. 8. Don't use cotton waste or dirty cloth to
wipe bearing.
9. Keep bearing wrapped in oilproof paper 9. Don't expose bearing to rust or dirt.
when not in use.
10. Clean inside of housing before 10. Don't nick or scratch bearings.
replacing bearing.
Rolling bearings are precision and reliable machine elements. They are
produced in millions and have a wide field of application.
The vast majority give satisfactory service but some do fail to attain
expectation. A failed bearing may be defined as one which does not
run for its expected service life. Its life is prematurely terminated by a
disorder which either should not have occurred or which was not
foreseen. If a bearing exceeds its anticipated life before it fails, it
cannot be strictly called a failure. No component containing
moving parts lasts long ever.
Experience shows that failures are rare due to faults in the bearings
but more to external causes such as errors in mounting, operation etc,.
In order to identify the prime causes of bearings failures, it is essential
to analyse the defects carefully to find out the source of trouble.
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Bearing failures and causes
Rolling bearings are precision and reliable machine elements. They are
produced in millions and have a wide field of application.
The vast majority give satisfactory service but some do fail to attain
expectation. A failed bearing may be defined as one which does not run for
its expected service life. Its life is prematurely terminated by a disorder
which either should not have occurred or which was not foreseen. If a
bearing exceeds its anticipated life before it fails, it cannot be strictly called
a failure. No component containing moving parts lasts long ever.
Experience shows that failures are rare due to faults in the bearings but
more to external causes such as errors in mounting, operation etc,. In order
to identify the prime causes of bearings failures, it is essential to analyse
the defects carefully to find out the source of trouble.
Seizure
Discolouration of Insufficient Review shaft &
Bearing gets rings and rolling clearance, housing fits,
heated up. Rings elements Insufficient bearing radial
and rolling Lubricant clearance,
elements Improper supply adequate
becomes mounting and correct
discolored. lubricant,
improve
assembly
methods
Crack Crack on rings Excessive shock Examine loading
loads, large fillet
radius. Excessive condition
Split around the Crack in rib interference fit
circumference or Fillet radius must
ring. (radial Excessive be smaller than
cracking ) interference bearing chamfer.
shock load
Split in axial applied to rib Modify the fits.
dimension of during
inner and outer mounting. Take more care
rings (axial in handling and
cracking ) mounting.
Retainer Loose Fitting Check housing &
Cage fracture shaft size
Damage Inadequate
lubrication. Revaluation of
Loosening of Misaligned lubricating
rivets, fracture mounting. conditions.
of cagepockets
Presence of dirt Reduce
mounting errors.
Take more care
in handling.
Corrosion & Rust
Rust on fitting Lubricants Periodical
Surfaces surfaces and containing acid, inspection of
becomes rusted inside the water Hand lubricant. Take
either bearing. perspiration care when
handling
bearings.
Fretting Rust
Formation of iron Slackness of Review
Rust wear oxide powder on mounting parts interference and
powder forms on fitting surface use suitable
mating surfaces. bonding
methods.
Flow of electric
Electrolytic Fluting, brown current through Insulate bearings
corrosion marks over track rollers or install
circumference earthing to stop
parallel to axis. Passage of electricity flow.
current, low
voltage
Creep
Wear out in ring Slackness of Review the
Slow rotational mounting mounting parts. precision of shaft
movement of surfaces. Sleeves not and housing.
ring in relation fastened Tighten the
to its seating. sleeve.
Wear Usage of clean
Wearing of Entrapment of lubricant.
Dimensional raceways, rolling foreign particles
deformation as a elements, rib in lubricant, Improve sealing
result of wear and cage. inadequate performance.
out of surfaces. lubricant
Smearing Usage of clean
Scratched Entrapment of lubricant.
Surfaces surfaces of track foreign particles
becomes rough and rolling in lubricant, Improve sealing
elements. Inadequate performance
lubricant
Indentation
Indentation of Mounting forces Improve
Surface denting track in same applied through assembly
due to pattern as rolling rolling elements methods, tight
mechanical elements. or shock loads fitted ring should
shock when not be mounted first
rotating.
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Mounting of Bearings