Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Manila Campus
September 2017
Water Treatment Plants is any process that makes water more acceptable for a specific
end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow
maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the
reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. For
many cities, drinking water and wastewater treatment plants are typically the largest
energy consumers, having a total of 30-40% of the cities' energy consumption. More than
4% of the nation's electricity goes towards moving and treating water and wastewater.
Cost of these energy is consumed in the flocculation basin for drinking water treatment
plants and in the aeration basin for wastewater treatment plants. High amount of energy is
together. Maynilad Has three water treatment in the Philippines, The Three-River Master
Plan aims to achieve 100 percent sewer coverage by year 2018 through a combination of
combined sewer-drainage and separate sewer systems, covering all catchments that
discharge to the three river systems within the east concession namely Marikina River,
Pasig River and San Juan River. This involves the collaborative effort of government and
of hydroelectric electric turbine can be use in The Three River Master Plan.
2.2 Hydro Turbines
The available generated power by wind turbines and hydro turbines depend on the
velocity of the flow and the swept area by the turbine blades and may be calculated using
the power generation formula. Wind and water turbines are similar in nature, however,
operate under distinct conditions. The existing technology of water turbines are not as
wherein impacting solids cause abrasion and erosion on the turbine reducing its
operational life and efficiency. According to Neopane (2010), this process can be
predicted and prevented by considering a number of factors, including the intensity of the
erosion, characteristics of the sediment, design and material of the turbine, and the
Water turbines are usually made of stainless steels due to its strength (martensitic grade)
and/or its resistance to corrosion in water (austenitic grade), which is commonly the
preferred characteristic. However, in selecting the right material for the turbine,
especially its runner, all of its parts must be of the same material, otherwise may cause
uneven heat distribution, damaging some of the alloys, even if it were martensitic.
Another concern is the welding of components with an incompatible filler material due to
whilst the latter, due to its high tensile strength, requires dismantlement and full heat
The major issues in water and wastewater industry are to meet quality requirements, to
guarantee treatment process efficiency, to contain investment and operating costs. This
implies the use of powerful predictive modeling and simulation tools which are able to
account for the multiple interaction between all the water quality and process design
used in other industries but their application in water industry is quite recent.
Successful design and reliable operation of new water treatment facilities and the
constant upgrading of existing plants has always been, and continues to be a major
concern for all world water professionals. The main objective is to ensure the adequate
treatment process and to guarantee its maximum efficiency. The design of water and
engineering, due to the complexity of the problems to be solved, the classical approach is
mainly based on global balances. Moreover, the process engineering analysis is often
sheeting); momentum balance are generally restricted to pressure drop estimation. This
global approach leads to simple concepts that are validated on an overall analysis of a
given equipment (input-output). The main advantage of this approach is its simplicity and
its usefulness. However, such relations are empirical and difficult to extrapolate. In
complement to this global approach, the more local fluid dynamics approach would be
helpful to catch spatial or temporal small scale phenomena. Due to the increasing power
differential equations (PDE) expressing local balances of mass, momentum and energy,
2014)
In a feasibility study in the United States (Capua, Dzwonkoski, Harris, 2014), the
plant may still be premature, considering costs for installation, laws and regulations, and
payback period, however, it still possesses the potential if further developed. Deer Island
Wastewater Treatment Plant in Boston saves about $600,000 from generating 6,000,000
kWh annually through a hydroelectric turbine, while the Upper Blackstone Water
gallons per day, is prospected to generate about 20 kW, providing 174,000 kWh in a year
For the past decades, the rushing gray-green waters of the Kumaguingking River has
gone untapped. The local people do not have any inclination that the same river could
generate electricity for a thousand homes and end the years of darkness that enveloped
their villages. esidents in these two villages have no access to modern technology. Only a
few people know that the tropical rain forest of Lanao mountain range maintains a great
water discharge of creeks and tributaries of the four lakes, namely, Lake Butig, Lake
Pula, Lake Mainit na Tubig, Lake Maitim. Fewer still are aware that such resource can
power a turbine and light villages and homes. But changing times and technologies have
a way of resolving things. Such is the case when the Alliance for Mindanao Off-grid
Renewable Energy (Amore) Program came to barangay Karim two years ago and
proposed the construction of a micro-hydro power plant for the two villages. It took
the water flow in the river. Through the financial assistance of the United States
Energy, a hydrological study was conducted to determine the strength and reliability of
the Kumaguingking River. By November 2007, after the studies yielded positive results,
the construction began. With the funds amounting to Php7.4 million, the 35 kW micro-
2.4.1 Graph on how much electric power can get at Hydroelectric Turbine
Power is the rate of producing energy. Power is measured in Watts (W) or kiloWatts
megawatt-hours (MWh).
In simple terms, the maximum hydropower power output is entirely dependent on how
much head and flow is available at the site
P = m x g x Hnet x
Where:
P power, measured in Watts (W).
m mass flow rate in kg/s (numerically the same as the flow rate in litres/second because 1
litre of water weighs 1 kg)
g the gravitational constant, which is 9.81m/s2
Hnet the net head. This is the gross head physically measured at the site, less any head
losses.
the product of all of the component efficiencies, which are normally the turbine, drive
system and generator
power generating system. Its source is the water from sewage treatment plant and
Hydraulic Power Using Pumping Out Water in Water Treatment Plant and
Filtration Plant
This patent is by Kim Jeong Tae. The focus of this patent is on a small floating
apparatus that will generate hydropower. It aims to use the water flowing in the
Verlag. p. 137
Technology. p. i, 3
RWE npower (n.d.) Wind Turbine Power Calculations. The Royal Academy of
Engineering. p. 3