EE-211 Circuit Analysis

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, TOPI 23460
hadeed@giki.edu.pk

October 5, 2017

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 1 / 15
Overview

1 Mesh current method

Introduction
Procedure
Example 4.4
Assessment Problem
Mesh current method with dependent sources
Special cases of mesh current method
Concept of supermesh

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 2 / 15
Introduction

1
Mesh is used to obtain the mesh current in it. A mesh current is a current
that flows on the perimeter of the mesh. A mesh current may not be the
actual current in the circuit.

2
Contrary to node voltage, here the mesh current is used. An arrow is used
usually to show the direction of the mesh current.

3
Can only be applied on planar circuits.

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 3 / 15
Introduction

4
A mesh current always satisfy KCL. At any given node the Mesh current
entering = mesh current leaving

5
Equations required = [b-(n-1)]

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 4 / 15
Procedure

Designate the mesh in a circuit.

Define the direction of currents.
Write the equations and prepare the matrices.
Solve to get the mesh currents.
Compute the actual currents.

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 5 / 15
Example 4.4[Nillsson]

Find the power in the sources and the voltage across 8 ohm resistance.

Step 1: In the figure 6 the total nodes are 5 and the branches are 7.
Therefore, total equations required are b-(n-1)=7-(5-1)=3.

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 6 / 15
Example 4.4[Nillsson]

Step 2: Mesh is identified.

Step 3: The direction of mesh current is defined.

Step 4: Writing equations for the mesh currents.

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 7 / 15
Example 4.4[Nillsson]
Equation for ia is
40 + 2ia + 8(ia ib ) = 0 (1)
Equation for ib is

8(ib ia ) + 6ib + 6(ib ic ) = 0 (2)

Equation for ic is
20 + 6(ic ib ) + 4ic = 0 (3)
Eq.(1), (2) and (3) can be written as

10ia 8ib + 0ic = 40 (4)

8ia + 20ib 6ic = 0 (5)

0ia 6ib + 10ic = 20 (6)

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 8 / 15
Example 4.4[Nillsson]

In matrices, we can write eq.(4),(5) and (6) as Ai=b

10 8 0 ia 40
8 20 6 ib = 0 (7)
0 6 10 ic 20

Apply the Cramers rule to get the answer (ia =5.6A,ib =2A, ic =-0.8A).
Therefore, P40v =-40ia =-224W,
P20v =20ic =-16W and
V8 =(ia ib )8=(8)(3.6)=28.8V

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 9 / 15
Assessment Problem

Find the power in 80V source and in R8 =?

Answer : P80v =400W and P8 =50W

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 10 / 15
Mesh current method with dependent sources
Find the power in R4 =?

Apply equations.
5(ia ib ) + 20(ia ic ) = 50 (8)
5(ib ia ) + 1ib + 4(ib ic ) = 0 (9)
20(ic ia )4(ic ib ) + 15i = 0 (10)
i = ia ib (11)

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 11 / 15
Mesh current method with dependent sources

25 5 20 ia 50
5 10 4 ib = 0 (12)
5 4 9 ic 0
i2 =26A and i3 =28A
PR4 =(i2 i3 )2 R=16W

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 12 / 15
Special cases of mesh current method
If a current source is common in two mesh currents the overall solution
becomes simple.
The difference in mesh currents in that case is the value of the source.

100 = 3(ia ib ) + v + 6ia (13)

50 = 4ic v + 2(ic ib ) (14)
Add equation (13) and (14) to get rid of v
Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 13 / 15
Special cases of mesh current method

50 = 9ia 5ib + 6ic (15)

0 = 3(ib ia ) + 10ib + 2(ib ic ) (16)
We can reduce (15) and (16) using the constraint that ic ia =5

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 14 / 15
Concept of supermesh
A supermesh is one mesh created from two meshes that have a current
source in common.

At supermesh

10 + 1(i1 i3 ) + 3(i2 i3 ) + 2i2 = 0 (17)

At mesh 3
2i3 + 3(i3 i2 ) + 1(i3 i1 ) = 0 (18)
Also i1 -i2 =5A. Therefore, i2 =2.5A, i1 =7.5A, and i3 =2.5A,
Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 5, 2017 15 / 15