Exercise 1

Introduction to
ArcCatalog

Author: Ton Mank

Created: September 2002; last update October 2008
EXERCISE 1

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Table of contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO ARCCATALOG 3

Introduction 3

1.2 STARTING ARCCATALOG: THE USER

INTERFACE 3
The ArcCatalog window 4

1.3 WHY USE ARCCATALOG? 5

Browse for maps and data 5
Explore the data 6
View and create metadata 7
ArcCatalog as a gateway to ArcMap 8
Manage data sources 8

1.4 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF ARCCATALOG 8

Browse for maps and data 8
Explore the data 11
View and editing metadata 17
Editing metadata 19
Manage data sources 20
ArcCatalog as a gateway to ArcMap 21

1.5 CHALLENGE 22

1.6 Summary 22

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EXERCISE 1

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 EXERCISE 1

1.1 Introduction to
ArcCatalog

Topics:
What do we use ArcCatalog for and getting familiar with
the ArcCatalog interface and with its main functions,
like map and (meta)data browsing and data exploration.

Estimated time required to complete this exercise is 120

minutes.

Introduction
In this exercise you will explore ArcCatalog and learn how it
is used within the wider ArcGIS environment. You will
practise the most important functions only. If necessary,
additional functions will be introduced later in the course.
First, you will familiarize with the interface, then with specific
functions such as browsing and exploring data, creating
metadata, etc. Finally you will learn that ArcCatalog can be
used as a gateway to ArcMap.

Data necessary to complete this exercise can be found in this

years Blackboard course Principles of Geographic
Information Systems, under Assignments. Copy the entire
folder Exercise01 to your personal directory.

IMPORTANT:
All written information up to 1.4 is meant to familiarize with
the main components of ArcCatalog and no data needs to be
copied from BlackBoard. Only from point 1.4 onwards, you will
work with data you copy from BlackBoard!!

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EXERCISE 1

Fig. 1.1 Open ArcCatalog

from desktop

1.2 Starting ArcCatalog:

the user interface

Before you start working with the data, first have a look at
the interface. We assume that this is the first time that you
use the software. We will therefore briefly show the
components of ArcCatalogs desktop.

Start ArcCatalog

Start\Programs\ArcGIS\ArcCatalog (see Fig. 1.1)

Maximise ArcCatalog to occupy the whole screen, see

Fig.1.2

The ArcCatalog window

When ArcCatalog starts, the Main Menu and the Standard
Toolbar appear by default. Toolbars are areas in the interface
of ArcGIS with buttons that activate various features and

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functions. Different ArcGIS applications may have application-

specific toolbars. A toolbar can be made visible (activated) or
hidden (de-activated). The position of the toolbars within the
interface is flexible; they can float on the desktop and you
can reposition them at any time. Alternatively the toolbars
can be docked to any side of the ArcCatalog window.

Other than the default toolbars can be activated to perform

additional tasks using the menu: View, then toolbars. But for
this exercise, all of the toolbars needed are already visible.

In ArcCatalog, commands and functions can be accessed

through:

Menus: contain commands (by topic) in a list

Buttons and menu items : execute a command when
you click them
Tools: require interaction of the user and
generally display a dialog before a
command is executed
Combo boxes: let you choose options from a
dropdown list
Text boxes or edit boxes: allows input of parameters

For the rest of the exercise you will work with the data that
you have copied on your personal drive.

MAXIMIZE
BUTTON
Metadata Geography toolbar
Menu toolbar
s
Standard
toolbar
Location
Menu
toolbar
s

Contents, Preview
and Metadata tabs

Status
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bar
Catalog Type of data sets
tree
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Fig. 1.2 Overview of

ArcCatalog interface

1.3 Why use ArcCatalog?

ArcCatalog is a software designed for two main purposes:

It allows you to manage, access, and explore existing
geographic data irrespective of the format in which the
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 Fig. 1.3 Snapshot
Preview of various types
of geographic data
EXERCISE 1
which can be managed
with ArcCatalog

data is stored or its location (on a local disc or on the

network). You can best compare this with Windows
Explorer, but specifically tailored to Geo-spatial data.

Fig.1.4 Detailed Preview

of the geographic data

You can also change the structure of the data. For

instance, you can create a new geodatabase, load existing
data into your geodatabase and delete or add fields in
attribute tables.

This exercise mainly focuses on the exploratory part of

ArcCatalog.

Browse for maps and data

Like in Windows Explorer, you can view the content of a folder
or database in the Contents tab, and choose how to see the
contents: as small or large icons, in a list with details or as
snapshots showing the geographic content (Fig. 1.3).

Raste
r
layer
Personal
Geodatabase Imag
Shapefil
e
e

Explore the data

For a general understanding of the geographic extent of the
data, the thumbnail view will do. But to examine the
geographic data more closely, the Preview tab allows a
detailed display of the data. Using the appropriate buttons
from the Geography toolbar, you can zoom / pan the
geography or identify (get a text description of) features in
your data.

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EXERCISE 1 Fig. 1.5 Preview of the
attributes associated with
the geographic data.

Alternatively, you can switch the display from Geography to

Table and view the attribute table associated with the
geography.

View and create metadata

Metadata contains properties and documentation describing
the data. Properties are derived from the data source, like
data type (e.g. shapefile) and geometry type (e.g. polygon).
Documentation is additional information that helps to
understand origin and content: e.g. title, summary
description, ownership, publication date, language of the
dataset; date of metadata creation. A popular definition of
metadata is data about data.

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Fig 1.6 Metadata

describes the properties
and documents the data

ArcCatalog has a built-in metadata editor. The metadata editor

can be used to store additional information or to create new
metadata when no metadata exist.

ArcCatalog as a gateway to ArcMap

Once you have examined the data using ArcCatalog, you may
want to do some analyses, or create a map using ArcMap. You
can open ArcMap by:

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double-clicking on an ArcMap document. ArcMap

documents can be recognized by the following icon

and the extension .mxd.

pressing the ArcMap button on the Standard toolbar.

Manage data sources

ArcCatalog contains functionalities to manage and organise
your data. Management functions include deleting, copying or
renaming data sets. To organise a well-ordered library of
spatial data (either on your local hard drive or in the network
environment) ArcCatalog includes functions such as creating
new folders and new geo-databases.

1.4 Basic functions of

ArcCatalog

You will now use some basic functions to illustrate some of

the functionalities mentioned in the previous section.

Browse for maps and data

To browse data, you first have to establish a connection to the
location where the data is stored. This location can be a local
disk (C:\ or D:\ drive) or some network drive. You were asked
to copy the data from Blackboard to your personal directory -
on M:\ - so you have to establish a connection to your M:\
drive:

Connect to the M:\ drive

In the Standard toolbar (see Fig. 1.2), find the Connect

to Folder button and click on it.

In the Dialog Window, navigate to the M:\ drive, see Fig.

1.7

Click OK

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fig. 1.7 Connect to Folder
dialog window

Notice that the M:\ drive is now added in the Catalog tree.

Click on the plus sign next to the icon of the M:\ drive
in the Catalog tree to expand the tree one level and see
its contents.

Select the Exercise01 folder by clicking once on its

icon. You will see all the files, datasets and subfolders
stored under the selected folder.

Lets have a closer look at the content of the subfolders of

the EnschedeData.

Browse for data.

Continue to expand the tree: double-click on the icons

of Exercise01 EnschedeData

Notice that the content in the folder Enschede Data is

displayed with a different icon in the Contents tab. This is
because Large_enschede.mdb is a Personal Geodatabase

Explore the contents of the Personal Geodatabase

Double click on the icon of the Large_enschede.mdb

Personal Geodatabase.

The layers in the Personal Geodatabase are now displayed.

Layers within a Personal Geodatabase are called Feature
Classes.

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EXERCISE 1

Explore the buttons from the Standard toolbar. Which

button allows you to find out the type of these data?

Answer:

Notice that if you leave the mouse cursor on a button for a

few seconds, a tool tip with the name of the button will
appear

Encircle the data type of each of the following feature

classes. Hint: analyse the feature class properties.

e_Boundary: Points - Lines Polygons

e_District Points Lines - Polygons

e_mainroads: Points - Lines Polygons

e_neighbourhood: Points - Lines Polygons

e_railway: Points - Lines Polygons

e_roads: Points - Lines Polygons

e_water: Points - Lines Polygons

To learn more about the data types, refer to the Help menu
ArcGIS Desktop Help on the Contents tab: Data management
with ArcCatalog / Getting started with ArcCatalog / Whats in
the Catalog.

In the Standard toolbar, one of the view options is

Thumbnails. A thumbnail is a snapshot of the geography of a
file.

Change the view to Thumbnails. Locate the appropriate

button by moving the mouse over each button of the
Standard toolbar. Wait for the tool tip that shows

Make sure that you have the Contents tab selected (see
Fig. 1.3).

Although the view is set to thumbnails, you see that only

some feature classes are displayed as thumbnails, while the
others are simply displayed as large icons. This is because
thumbnails are not created automatically, but you need to
specifically create them.

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Fig. 1.8 Result of

producing the
Thumbnails within the
Contents tab.

Create Thumbnail

In the Contents tab select a Feature Class without

thumbnail.

Select the Preview tab.

ArcCatalog displays a preview of the geography of the

selected Feature Class. This preview can now be used to
create a snapshot (Thumbnail).

From the Geography toolbar select Create Thumbnail

and click once.

Next, return to the Contents tab and notice the icon has
changed into a small image of the preview.

Convert all remaining icons in the sub-subfolder map

elements into Thumbnails.

Once you have produced thumbnails for all the Feature

classes in the Personal Geodatabase, selecting the Contents
tab should display something similar to Fig. 1.8.

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Fig. 1.9 Toggle the

contents of the Preview
Fig. 1.10 The buttons of
window
the Geographic toolbar

Explore the data

You have learnt to browse data from different sources. In the
next section you will explore the data by displaying both its
geography and its attributes.

Exploring Geographic data

Most GIS data sets have a geographic and a tabular

component. ArcCatalog allows you to preview either of them;
you can toggle between them using the dropdown list at the
bottom of the Preview window:

Use the Preview tab

Select the file: e_neighbourhood Feature Class from the

Catalog tree

Select the Preview tab

What you see now in the preview is a vector dataset with the
boundaries of neighbourhoods of the city of Enschede. You
can use the Geography toolbar to explore the geographic data
(Fig. Full 1.10).
Zoom Extent Create
In / Out Thumbnail

Identify

The Zoom In / Out buttons allow you to control the level of

detail or the extent of the area that is displayed in the
preview window.

Select an area of interest

Click the Zoom In button from the Geography toolbar

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Fig. 1.12 Preview of the

geography at an enlarged
Fig. 1.11 Defining the
scale
geographic area to
enlarge
Click and dragClick
a boxZoom In area of interest, then
over your
button
release the mouse. The area you have defined will now
enlarge to occupy the entire display area of the Preview
window.

Click and drag a

box to define
your area of
interest

The selected area at

an enlarge scale

You have now enlarged the central part of the Feature Class,
the part that falls outside the Preview window it is not
displayed. To maintain the same scale and see the data
beyond the display, select the Pan button. The Pan button
allows you to drag the display in any direction.

Use Pan button

Select the Pan button from the Geographic Toolbar

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 Fig. 1.13 Process to
EXERCISE 1
identify the attributes of
a feature

Click and hold the mouse button at any point in the

display window.

Move the mouse and notice that the display will

follow the movements of the mouse.

Release the mouse and the display will refresh.

Practise the Pan button to move around the data

maintaining the same visualisation scale.

When you are finish exploring the data at a selected zoom

level, the Full Extent button allows you to return to the full
extent of the feature class.

Use Full extent button

Click the Full Extent button and notice that the whole
Enschede area is now displayed.

The Identify button allows you to retrieve attribute

information of a feature -here the name of a neighbourhood -
if you point at it with the mouse.

Identify button

Click inside
the
neighbourhood
for which you
want the to
know the name
All the
attributes of
the selected
neighbourhood
are displayed
in a separate
window

Use the Identify button

Click the Identify button

Click inside one of the neighbourhoods in the

Enschede area

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Study the Identify Results window. Youll notice that

one of the attributes displayed is the name of the
neighbourhood.

You can click inside other neighbourhoods to view their

attributes.

If you are finished viewing the attributes in this way,

close the Identify results window (click on the little cross
in the top right corner).

Exploring Tabular data

Now look at the attribute table of the e_neighbourhood
Feature Class.

Preview tables

Change the dropdown list in the Preview to Table (Fig.

1.5; 1.9)

There are several options that allow you to personalise the

display of the table in the preview.

Change how tables look

If you want to change the appearance of the table (e.g. to
improve the readability of the text) you can change the
default settings. E.g.: you may highlight a selection in dark
green in stead of the default pale blue, and you may set the
font size to 10pt.

Change default settings

Click on the heading of one of the columns. Notice that

the whole column turns from white to pale blue

From the menu: Tools, select Options

A tabbed dialog window appears. Select the tab: Tables

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Click here to select

the colour you want
to use to highlight
selections.

Fig. 1.14 Dialog window

to set ArcCatalog Click here to type
options.
the new font size.

Change the default settings to match the settings

indicated above

Examine the visual result in the table

Change the width of a column

Depending on the font, size and length of records, some of the
information may be hidden and/or not readable. To increase
readability, you may want to change the width of the columns.

Change width of a column

Position the mouse over the extreme right edge of the

column heading: ID_ (notice the pointer of the cursor
changes to )

Double-click with the left mouse button. The column

width will now be adjusted to the width of the longest
entry in that column

Alternatively, click and drag the columns edge to an

acceptable width

Release the mouse

This change is temporary. If you select a different data

set or close the ArcCatalog session, the default column width
will be restored.

Change the position of a column

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Sometimes tables contain many columns. In order to work

efficient you may want to rearrange the columns and to
position the ones you need next to each other.

Reposition a column

Click the column heading: ID_ (notice that the whole

column changes to the default colour you have just
selected)

Click the column again and hold down the mouse

button

Drag the column heading to the location between the

columns SHAPE* and OBJECTID (notice a red line
indicates the new location of the column ID_)

Release the mouse button

This change is temporary. If you select a different data

set or close the ArcCatalog session, the columns will resume
their default positions.
Freeze a column
Sometimes you may want to compare the values in one
column with the values in the another columns. This can be
facilitated by freezing them.

Freeze/Unfreeze Columns

Right-click on the column heading: NAME1_

Click Freeze/Unfreeze Column

Scroll horizontally by moving the horizontal slider to the

right. Notice that the column NAME1_ remains visible.

This change is temporary. If you select a different data

set or close the ArcCatalog session, all columns will be
automatically unfrozen.
Sorting columns
If you need to rearrange the records in a column in
alphabetical or numerical order, proceed as follows:

Sort Records

Right-click the column DISTRICT

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EXERCISE 1

In the drop-down list, click Sort Ascending

Scroll down the list and notice that the numbers

increase

This change is temporary. If you select a different data set or

close the ArcCatalog session, records will resume their
default order.
Calculate statistics
You can display the basic statistics of numeric fields in an
attribute table.

Calculate statistics

Right-click the heading: AREA_

In the drop-down list, select the option Statistics

The Statistics dialog box pops up and displays all

information about the values in the column AREA_

Adding a column
It is possible to add a column in the attribute table of a
geodata layer, and to define its properties. Notice, however,
that ArcCatalog will not allow you to enter and/or modify the
data in the records. You will see the editing process later, in
exercise 2, when dealing with ArcMap functions.

Add a field to a table

Click the button Options at the bottom of the Preview

window, and click Add Field. See Fig. 1.15

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Fig. 1.15 Preview window

table mode.

In the dialog window of Add Field, fill in the name of the

new column. Leave the rest of the properties as they are
(we will treat this later).

Click OK

View and editing metadata

Metadata describes data in a standardised way. Metadata are
used to search for and exchange data. Examples of metadata
are: file name, data format, data quality, data accuracy,
reference system, ownership, availability, creation date,
update status, description of attribute names, etc.

By looking at the metadata of a data set, you should be able

to decide if the set can be used for your application. E.g.: do
you need to adapt data to integrate it into your application
(e.g. change its projection), can you access the data, who to
contact to get it, are there cost involved, etc.

There are a several standards for metadata. Standards

provide common terminology and definitions for the

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EXERCISE 1

documentation of digital data. For geo-spatial data, the two

main standards are defined by:
the International Organization for Standardization's (ISO)
with the document 19115 Geographic Information
Metadata
the Federal Geographic Data Committee's (FGDC) of the
United States.

For more information refer to:

http://www.iso.org/iso/en/ISOOnline.frontpage
http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/contstan.html

It is very important:

to study the metadata before you use geospatial data

obtained from somebody else, and
to accurately describe the metadata for the geospatial
data that you produce!

Have a look at the metadata of the Feature Class

e_neighbourhood:

Explore metadata

In the Catalog tree select e_neighbourhood

In the view area, click the Metadata tab to visualise the

metadata information window.

Scroll through the metadata and study its contents

As explained in section 1.3, metadata consist of properties

and documentation. Properties are derived from the data
itself and documentation is additional descriptive
information, generally supplied by the data creator. But any
user with writing access can change or add content to the
metadata.

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Fig. 1.17
Fig.Choosing a
1.16 Metadata
Metadata Stylesheet
window Default
Stylesheet

ArcCatalog offers a number of ways to display the metadata,

using different Stylesheets. Stylesheets define the way in
which the metadata is displayed. By default, ArcCatalog
displays metadata using the FGDC ESRI stylesheet.

Changing stylesheets

In the Metadata toolbar, click the pull down list (Fig.

1.17).

Select any of the stylesheets

Notice the changes in the format of the metadata

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EXERCISE 1

Editing metadata
You can create the metadata for a new data set, or change
existing metadata, by using ArcCatalogs metadata editor. For
example, change the metadata of the e-neighbourhood
Feature Class. The data set was produced by - and obtained
from - the Municipality of Enschede. You will add information
about the Municipality to give them the credits they deserve
and include them as distributor. The address details are as
follows:

Organisation: Municipality Enschede

Address: Hengelosestraat 51
Enschede
Province: Overijssel
Postal code: 7514 AD
The Netherlands

Edit metadata

Click the button: Edit metadata in the Metadata

toolbar

A dialog window opens. Notice that a number of fields have

the word REQUIRED (IN RED), and a brief description of the
type of information expected in that field. The red font is
meant to emphasize that these fields are part of the minimum
information required by the metadata standard. For the time
being, add some of the required data. Follow the numerical
sequence as indicated in Fig. 1.18 and 1.19.

First select Distribution 1 at the top of the dialog window

(Fig. 1.18)

Next, click on the Distribution tab 2 , then click on the

Details button 3 This will open another dialog window.

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 EXERCISE 1

2 1
Fig. 1.19 Editing
Fig. 1.18 Example of
contact information
steps to edit metadata
with the ArcCatalog
metadata editor

Select the Organisation 4 option and click on the Address

5 tab.

Enter name 6 and address of the organisation 7 in the

appropriate fields.

Click OK and Save

View the updated information in the metadata window.

Note that some part of the stylesheet will not include all
the metadata. To check the updated information, select

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 Fig. 1.20 Creating a new
folder with ArcCatalog

EXERCISE 1

the FGDC stylesheet and click on the Distribution

Information link.

Manage data sources

In ArcCatalog you can manage your data in a similar way as in
Windows Explorer. You can copy, move, delete and rename any
item that appears in the Catalog tree or in the Contents
window. As example, create a new folder and copy some
existing data into it.

Create a new folder

In the Catalog tree, select your M:\Exercise01 folder

Right click to open the context menu

Select New and click Folder

Type a new name for the folder you have just created,
e.g. My_folder

Copy the Personal Geodatabase Large_enschede.mdb

to the new folder.

Make sure that none of the Feature Classes is active.

You should see nothing displayed in the Contents, the
Preview and the Metadata windows. If any of the Feature
Classes is active, ArcCatalog locks the Personal Geodatabase
and returns an error when you try to copy it.

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 EXERCISE 1

It is easy to manage files and folders in ArcCatalog. You can

also create (empty) geo-spatial data sets. You will learn this
later in the course, together with filling these data sets with
new data through ArcMap.

ArcCatalog as a gateway to ArcMap

You have now explored some functions of ArcCatalog, and
seen that its main purpose is data browsing and basic data
management. If you want to edit geo-spatial data, analyse it
or create maps, you need another application of the ArcGIS
suite: ArcMap. Most of the exercises that follow will be about
the basics of geoinformation processing with ArcMap.

Access ArcMap:

From the Standard toolbar select the ArcMap Icon:

When ArcMap opens, you will be prompted to select one of

the following: an empty map, a new template or an existing
map.

You will do this in the next exercise. So can stop here and
exit ArcMap.

In the ArcMap dialog window ignore the different

options and click OK

From the File menu, select Exit

1.5 Challenge

One of the topics not treated in this exercise is the option to

Search by geographic location. Try to find the geospatial
data of the municipality of Enschede, using the Search by
geographic location option.
Hint: if necessary, make use of the Help.

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EXERCISE 1

1.6 Summary

You have now experienced some of the main functions of

ArcCatalog, but there are more functions and options in the
software than shown in this exercise.

With the topics covered in this exercise, you should now have
basic skills in using ArcCatalog to preview and manage
geographic and attribute data that can be used for analyses
and GIS applications. You should have the basic
skills/knowledge to:
browse and explore maps and tabular data,
view and create metadata,
manage data sources
use ArcCatalog to access ArcMap.

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