Soal uraian Bab I

1. Differentiate the text and nontext ! Then, give the examples!

Many assume that the text is a writing that we can read. But actually the text is not only
written (written), but also in the form of spoken (spoken). When we talk with others, it
can be said that we create text to convey meaning. So also when we write.

The term text comes from the Latin "textum" meaning weave. In the process of
composing the text, after we have selected and selected the words, we subsequently
construct those words into a "weave" of meaningful words. In the old days the term text
was only used for written text only, but the concept of text in functional systemic
linguistics experienced a development that refers to the use of written or spoken
language. And this is the basis of a genre-based approach. (Fairclough, 1992; in Emi
Emilia, 2011).
Basically text seems to be 'made' from words alone, but in fact the text is composed of
meaning. According to Halliday, the text is a "semantic unit" or a unity of meaning. Next
Halliday describes the text as follows: The language people produce and react to, what
they say and write, and read and listen to, in the course of daily life. .... The term covers
both speech and writing ... it may be language in action, conversation, telephone talk,
debate, public notices, ... intimate monologue or anything else (1975: 123). (Haliday in
Emi Emilia, 2011).
The next thing to consider is whether a series of words or fragments can be regarded as
text or not. A text does not depend on the size or length or shape of the language, but on
the meaning.
Examples are as follows. The words "STOP" that we often see on the street or other signs
in public places, such as "ENTRY" or "OUT", can be said as text because it is in the
context of the right situation, so it has a complete meaning to the reader.
On the contrary, a paragraph of a thesis or a page of a novel, although longer than the
word "STOP", can not be considered text because it can not give a complete
understanding to its readers. (Emi Emilia, 2011)
The next example, if two people are talking together, but each one speaks arbitrarily and
'disconnected' (eg crazy) then what they say is difficult to call text because it does not
look semantic relationship. Similarly, if we write ten sentences and then we sort the
sentences randomly then the result is difficult called text because it confuses the reader.
In conclusion, the text refers to any example of language, in any medium, that can be
understood by someone who knows the language.

2. Elaborate the meaning of context by giving the example!

Text can not be separated from context. The term context derives from the word "text"
which obtains the prefix "con" which means woven together. Prefix con means "being
together" so that it can be interpreted that the word context refers to elements that
accompany the text.
There are two contexts that impact on the use of language according to Halliday. Namely
the cultural context and context of the situation. The context of the situation is the most
powerful element of its impact on the use of language, and consists of three aspects,
 namely field, mode and tenor. The next three aspects will form a text. These three
elements influence our choice of language.
Field (field / location) refers to what is going on or is being discussed. Contains what,
when, where, how and why a social process takes place. The topics of the text may
pertain to the activities or what they are studying, including topics related to the subjects
in the class.
The tenor (perpetrator) relates to whoever the perpetrator is involved in a social process,
which leads to interpersonal relationships between the parties involved or who is
involved. Tenor refers to the selected symbol or wavelength channel which is really a
function or some semiotic function assigned to the language in that situation. Language
used by the author to a friend will be different from the language used for superiors or
others who have not known.
Mode or channel refers to the consideration of the language communication path used,
using spoken or written language, the distance between the person communicating in
space and time, whether they are face to face or separated by space and time.

3. Give the examples of coherence and cohesion in one text, then analyze them.
The Jakarta post, Friday 2, 2015
Pg : (5) Archipelago
Crime
Prosecturos demand 10 years for teen in maid murder
Apriadi Gunawan
The Jakarat post/ Medan
State prosecturos demand on Wednesday at Medan District Court in North Sumatra that 17 years old by be
sentenced to 10 years imprisonment for his alleged involvement in the abuduction, physcial abuse and
murder of domestic maids at his familys house
During the hearing, which was held behind closed doors because the defendant is underage, state
prosecutor Amirizal Famhi told the court that the defendant had murdered Hermin Rusdiawanti of Central
Java.
The defendant, idintified only by his initiala, MHB, Amrizal said, had also pshycally abused three other
housemaids.
MHB worked for domestic maod supplier Syamsul Anwar and his family in a house on jl. Beo in Medan,
where human bone fragments and the North Sumatra Police Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) unit last
month.
In a seperate trial hearing on Wednesday, the state prosecutors demanded Syamsuls son, MTA , also a
teenager, serve 3 years and 4 months behind bars for the same crime.
Prosecutors Mirza Erwinsyah said MTA had abused maids working for the family.
The police have named seven suspect in the murder case, including Syamsul,his wife Radika, their son and
a staff member.
At least 10 domestic maids have been reported missing, two of them killed during their stint working at the
suspects house. The deceased have been identified as Hermin Yanti of West JAVA.
Syamsul and Raadika have been named as the main actors in the case.
The police are still working to identify bone fragments and probing for links to the other missing women.
 Hermins body was found buried in Karo regency, while Yantis body was dumped in Labuhan Deli
regency, near Belawan port.
Syamsuls family owned a labor placement agency that, according to Medan administration, had a permit
two agencies, CV Maju Jaya, located on jl. Beo and NKK Raja, located on jl. Sei Kera in Medan.
The permit for both agencies had, however,expired in 2007 and not renewed.
The police raided both companies amd resusced three domestic by the family for years.
The three maids saved in the raid were Endang Murdiangsih, 55 , of Madura in east Java; Anis Rahayu,25,
of Malang in east Java and Rukmiani,43, of Demak , Central Java.
According to the police, indications of torture were evindent all over their bodies. The maid told the police
they had worked for Syamsuls family without payment for five years and had frequently been torured by
his family.
The Witness and Victim Protection Agency ( LPSK) has vowed to provide the maximum protection for the
three surviving maids, who are keys witnesses in the case.
LPSK are liasing with the police regarding the safety of the witnesses until the legal process has concluded
and are coordinating with a hospital to provide free health care for the witnesses.

State prosecturos demand on Wednesday at Medan District Court in North Sumatra that 17 years
old by be sentenced to 10 years imprisonment for his alleged involvement in the abuduction, (1)
physcial abuse and murder of domestic maids at his family's house. (2) "
The first paragraph is cohesive and coherent. The cohesiveness is achieved in reference to
conjunctions and pronouns. Sentence (1) in this paragraph is a statement that "State prosecturos
demand on Wednesday at Medan District Court in North Sumatra is that 17 years old by be
sentenced to 10 years imprisonment for his alleged involvement in the abuduction." And in this
sentence there are several the cohesion that we can find ie the pronoun "his" refers to "state
prosecutor" and the conjunction "that" which unites two clauses that are not sufficient to stand
alone. And the phrase (2) physcial abuse and murder of domestic maids at his family's house is
also cohesive because of the use of the word conjunction "and" and the pronoun "his". And unite
two nouns or subject in this sentence and his substitute state prosecutors. The discourse in this
paragraph is coherence because of the cohesiveness in it and the content of an utterance.
"During the hearing, which was held behind closed doors because the defendant is underage,
state prosecutor Amirizal Famhi told the court that the defendant had murdered Hermin
Rusdiawanti of Central Java."

Soal Uraian Bab II

1. Analyze the meaning of could by giving the examples.

Could
used to talk ability in the past
When I was younger I could run fast.

used to talk polite permission

Excuse me, could I just say something?

used to indicate possibility.

they could be right
I would go if I could afford it

2. Analyze the following sentences:

You must stop when the traffic lights turn red; He must be very tired. Hes been working all
day long.
Both of the sentence use modal Must. The first sentence you must stop when the traffic light
turn red express strong Obligation and the second sentence He must be very tired. Hes been
working all day long express logical conclusion / Certainty
3. Make some sentences consists of probabilities.

It may rain tomorrow!

I might go on holiday to Australia next year.

Soal Uraian Bab III

1. Write a text in at least 300 words consists of logical connectors.
2. Categorize all the logical connectors used on the text below!

How Chocolate is Made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing
world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.
Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place
such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a
small pineapple. Inside the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco bean.
Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are
shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the
flavor. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor. So they are often
shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.
The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib
of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make
it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.
All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans
are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

3. Explain the different of:

a. Since, until and upon

SINCE

Since tells us when the action began; whether it has concluded or not is irrelevant. It can be
used with a time expression: It has been raining since 11:00 a.m. or with a moment that works
as a reference in time (this is the adverbial case): She has been the breadwinner in her house
since she got divorced. This latter use has been the source of confusion regarding how similar it
is to the conjunction Because. Simple: Because introduces a reason why something
happens; Since points out when something began happening.

UNTIL

Quite opposite to Since, Until mentions when an action ends. It can also appear
accompanied by a time or a date: We drank absinthe until 4:00 a.m. or a moment working as a
reference in time: He laughed until his belly ached. Now, they are complementary opposites,
but please, avoid using Since and Until together in the same sentence. Well take care of
that right away.

UPON

Upon is much more formal than on, but it can be used with the same meanings as the preposition
on in the following cases:
on/onto an object or surface: It fell upon the ground.
supported by a part of your body: She fell down upon her knees.
looking at something: She fixed her gaze upon me.
happening immediately after: Report to the reception desk immediately upon arrival.
affecting someone or something: attacks upon our homes
Upon can also be used instead of on after particular verbs: He congratulated me on/upon my
success.They insisted on/upon seeing you.

b. Sothat and suchthat

So and such are correlative conjunctions(denklik balalar)
Sothat encloses an adjective or an adverb
So +adjective or adverb +that
Suchthat encloses a modified noun:
Such +adjective +noun +that

The Coffee is ........ I cant drink it.

The Coffee is so hot that I cant drink it.
He speaks ............ I cant understand him.
He speaks so fast that I cant understand him.

It was ............. We couldnt see the road.

It was such a foggy day that we couldnt see the road.
Its ............ Ive watched three times
Its such a good film that Ive watched three times

c. Despite and inspite of

The English terms in spite of and despite are very similar in meaning and usage; in spite of
this, English speakers sometimes find them confusing.

Despite

Despite means even though, or regardless of. Its the opposite of because of/due to,
and can be used with a noun or gerund.

He had difficulty writing in English despite years of study.

 We failed the exam, despite the fact that we studied all week.

Despite not having much time, we managed to do a lot of things.

In spite of

In spite of means exactly the same thing and is used exactly the same way as despite.

He had difficulty writing in English in spite of years of study.

We failed the exam, in spite of the fact that we studied all week.

In spite of not having much time, we managed to do a lot of things.

Although is another problem word.

After although we use a subject + verb:

Although it rained , we enjoyed our holiday

After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or ing

In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.

The English terms despite and in spite of are synonyms. Despite might be slightly more
formal, but the two terms are interchangeable. Just be careful not to say something like
despite of or in despite its always either the three words in spite of, or just the single
word despite.

d. Nevertheless and nonetheless

Nevertheless and nonetheless are very similar to despite that: they show that a second point in
some way contrasts with the first.
It is widely accepted that Churchill was a great wartime leader. Nevertheless, he lost the 1945
general election.
(= He was a great leader, BUT he lost the election / DESPITE THAT, he lost the election.)
Nevertheless and nonetheless are used in the same way, and both are quite formal:
He was always very critical of his own country. Nevertheless / nonetheless, he never moved
abroad.
Nevertheless and nonetheless can follow but:
Charles has lost a lot of money on the investment, but nevertheless / nonetheless he continues to
be optimistic about it.
They can also begin a new sentence or follow a semi-colon:
He lost a lot of money on the investment. Nevertheless / Nonetheless, he continues to be
optimistic.
He lost a lot of money on the investment; nevertheless / nonetheless, he continues to be
optimistic.
We sometimes use nevertheless and nonetheless at the end of a sentence:
The museum isn't the best in the area, but it's worth visiting nevertheless.

Soal Uraian Bab IV

1. Decide the language features of announcement given below!

ANNOUNCEMENT
English Speech Contest
For all students of SMP Negeri 1, we announce English Speech Contest
Time : Friday-Saturday, 22-23 March 2015
Place : Hall of SMP Negeri 1
Each class should register at least one student with one of these following topics: 1.
The Advantages of Learning English, 2. The Effective Way of Learning English.
For further information, visit the committee of this English Speech Contest.

Regard,
The Committee of English Speech Contest

Language features of announcements above is using simple present tense we announce

English Speech contest , visit the commite of this English Speech Contests and
consist of time and place

2. Design the announcement and the notice!

Announcement

To all students SMAN Bina Bhakti Sapat that in connection with Indonesia's Independence Day
will be held futsal competition
which will be held on
day : august 06 s/d 10 2017
place : at Futsal hall
time : at 10 am
Students are expected to participate in the event
for registration and more information please contact the OSIS of SMAN Bina Bhakti Sapat

NOTICE
PARK HERE
ONLY
3. Explain the features of both the announcement and the notice above!
The announcement notified to all students of SMAN Bina Bhakti Sapat to participate futsal
competition on august 06 s/d 10 2017 at 10 am. Students could register his club to OSIS of
sman Bina Bhakti Sapat

The notice give information it is allowed to park here or near the notice