.

q 1 0
What is a composite?
.
.a a. Recycled waste.
.a b. A chemical reaction.
.a c. The latest computer software.
.a d. A structural material consisting of two or more constituents.
.A 4
.R
A composite is a structural material which consists of combining two or more
constituents
.

.q 2 0
Advanced composites are
.
.a a. naturally found.
.a b. traditionally used in aerospace industries.
.a c. low performance composites.
.A 2
.R
Advanced composites are traditionally used in aerospace industries
.

.q 3 0
Composites are easy to repair.
.
.a a. True.
.a b. False.
.A 2
.R
Composites are generally difficult to repair
.

.q 4 0
What fiber factors contribute to the mechanical performance of a composite?
.
.a a. Length.
.a b. Orientation.
.a c. Shape.
.a d. All of the above.
.A 4
.R
Length, orientation, and shape all contribute to the mechanical performance
of a composite
.

.q 5 0
PMC stands for:
.
.a a. Polymer Metal Composition.
.a b. Polymer Matrix Composite.
.a c. Polyethylene Metal Composition.
.A 2
.R
PMC stands for Polymer Matrix Composite
.
.q 6 0
The most common advanced composites are
.
.a a. Metal Matrix Composites.
.a b. Polymer Matrix Composites.
.a c. Ceramic Matrix Composites.
.A 2
.R
The most common advanced composites are Polymer Matrix Composites
.

.q 7 0
The most common fibers used in advanced polymer composites are
.
.a a. glass, steel, and aluminum.
.a b. glass, graphite, and kelvar.
.a c. glass, steel, and kelvar.
.A 2
.R
The most common fibers used in advanced polymer composites are glass,
graphite, and kelvar
.

.q 8 0
E-glass type fiber is used for
.
.a a. Electrical applications.
.a b. Environmental applications.
.a c. Evaporative applications.
.A 1
.R
E-glass type fiber is used for electrical applications
.

.q 9 0
One of the major drawbacks of composites is
.
.a a. high cost of fabrication.
.a b. no body needs them.
.a c. they are extremely heavy.
.A 1
.R
One of the major drawbacks of composites is their relatively high cost of
fabrication
.

.q 10 0
SMC stands for
.
.a a. Structural Metal Composite.
.a b. Strong Metal Composite.
.a c. Sheet Molding Compound.
.A 3
.R
SMC stands for Sheet Molding Compound
.
.q 11 0
Annual growth of composites is at a steady rate of
.
.a a. 5 percent.
.a b. 10 percent.
.a c. 15 percent.
.a d. -15 percent.
.A 2
.R
Annual growth of composites is at a steady rate of 10 percent
.

.q 12 0
Reducing one pound of mass in a commercial aircraft can save up to how many
gallons per year?
.
.a a. 50.
.a b. 350.
.a c. 3500.
.a d. 30000
.A 2
.R
Reducing one pound of mass in a commercial aircraft can save up to 350
gallons per year?
.

.q 13 0
The material of the fiber directly influences the mechanical performance of a
composite
.
.a a. True.
.a b. False.
.A 1
.R
The material of the fiber directly influences the mechanical performance of a
composite
.

.q 14 0
The most common fiber shape is
.
.a a. Rectangular.
.a b. Triangular.
.a c. Circular.
.A 3
.R
The most common fiber shape is circular
.

.q 15 0
The units of fracture toughness are
.
.a a. MPa-m.
.a b. MPa^0.5-m.
.a c. MPa-m^0.5.
.A 3
.R
The units of fracture toughness are MPa-m^0.5
.

.q 16 0
A typical range of carbon content in carbon fiber is
.
.a a. 93-95%.
.a b. 92-95%.
.a c. 93-94%.
.a d. 90-95%
.A 1
.R
A typical range of carbon content in carbon fiber is 93-95%
.

.q 17 0
Graphite fibers have one of the following carbon content
.
.a a. 99%.
.a b. less than 99%.
.a c. more than 99%.
.a d. 98%.
.A 3
.R
Graphite fibers have more than 99% carbon content
.

.q 18 0
Thermoset plastic polymers have the following type of bonding
.
.a a. Covalent bond.
.a b. Vanderwaals bond.
.a c. Atomic bond.
.a d. none of the above
.A 2
.R
Thermoset plastic polymers have Vanderwaals type bonding
.

.q 19 0
Current service temperature limits for polymers reach
.
.a a. 750 degrees Fahrenheit.
.a b. 1750 degrees Fahrenheit.
.a c. 450 degrees Fahrenheit.
.a d. 350 degrees Fahrenheit
.A 1
.R
Current service temperature limits for polymers reach 750 degrees Fahrenheit
.

.q 20 0
Mechanical fasteners are made of what type of composite
.
.a a. Boron-Epoxy.
.a b. Graphite-Epoxy.
.a c. Carbon-Carbon.
.a d. All of the above.
.A 3
.R
Mechanical fasteners are made of Carbon-Carbon composites
.

.q 21 0
Isotropic means
.
.a a. a material with different properties in all directions.
.a b. a material with the same properties in all directions.
.a c. a material with elastic properties.
.a d. none of the above.
.A 2
.R
Isotropic means a material with the same properties in all directions
.

.q 22 0
Composite materials are
.
.a a. isotropic but not homogeneous.
.a b. homogeneous but not isotropic.
.a c. both homogeneous and isotropic.
.a d. neither homogeneous or isotropic.
.A 4
.R
Composite materials are neither homogeneous or isotropic
.

.q 23 0
Anisotropic materials are
.
.a a. materials with different properties in all directions.
.a b. materials with the same properties in all directions.
.a c. materials with the same properties in two perpendicular directions.
.a d. none of the above.
.A 1
.R
Anisotropic materials have different properties in all directions
.

.q 24 0
Inter-ply hybrid composites consist of
.
.a a. two or more different composite systems.
.a b. two or more different fibers used in the same ply.
.a c. both a and b.
.a d. none of the above.
.A 1
.R
Inter-ply hybrid composites consist of two or more different composite
systems
.

.q 25 0
Aramid fibers are made up of
.
.a a. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Graphite.
.a b. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
.a c. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen.
.a d. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen.
.A 2
.R
Aramid fibers are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
.

.q 26 0
A typical example of thermoplastics include
.
.a a. polyethylene.
.a b. polyesters.
.a c. phenolics.
.A 1
.R
A typical example of thermoplastics include polyethylene
.

.q 27 0
Polymer matrix composites are manufactured in the automotive industry where
short production runs are necessary by
.
.a a. filament winding.
.a b. autoclave forming.
.a c. resin transfer molding.
.a d. none of the above.
.A 3
.R
Polymer matrix composites are manufactured in the automotive industry where
short production runs are necessary by resin transfer molding
.

.q 28 0
Which of the following composites are replacing metals in golf club shafts
.
.a a. Carbon-Carbon.
.a b. Graphite-Epoxy.
.a c. Boron-Epoxy.
.a d. none of the above.
.A 2
.R
Graphite-Epoxy is replacing metals in golf club shafts
.

.q 29 0
Which of the following is a drawback for phenolic resin systems
.
.a a. high cost.
.a b. low mechanical strength.
.a c. high void content.
.a d. brittleness.
.A 1
.R
High cost is a drawback for phenolic resin systems
.

.q 30 0
Bullet proof vests use
.
.a a. Kelvar.
.a b. Graphite.
.a c. Boron.
.a d. Glass.
.A 1
.R
Bullet proof vests use Kelvar
.

.q 31 0
High performance applications in the aerospace industry use
.
.a a. Graphite.
.a b. Boron.
.a c. Kelvar 49.
.a d. Kelvar 29.
.A 3
.R
High performance applications in the aerospace industry use Kelvar 49
.

.q 32 0
Thermoset polymers show which of the following
.
.a a. Decompose on heating.
.a b. Soften on heating.
.a c. Harden on heating.
.a d. none of the above.
.A 1
.R
Thermoset polymers decompose on heating
.

.q 33 0
The performance indicator for buckling of a rod under a compressive load is
.
.a a. Young's modulus / density.
.a b. (Young's modulus ^ 0.5) / density.
.a c. (Young's modulus ^ 0.3333) / density.
.A 2
.R
The performance indicator for buckling of a rod under a compressive load is
(Young's modulus ^ 0.5) / density
.

.q 34 0
Specific modulus is given by
.
.a a. Square root of Young's modulus / density.
.a b. Strength / density.
.a c. Young's modulus / density.
.A 3
.R
Specific modulus is given by Young's modulus / density
.

.q 35 0
Glass fibers are made from
.
.a a. slice glass.
.a b. vapor deposition method.
.a c. graphite.
.A 1
.R
Glass fibers are made from slice glass
.

.q 36 0
Which polymer is not desirable for smoke emmision?
.
.a a. Phenolic.
.a b. Epoxy.
.a c. Polyester.
.a d. Polymide.
.A 4
.R
Polymide is not desirable for smoke emmision
.

.q 37 0
Which polymer has the maximum strength?
.
.a a. Phenolic.
.a b. Epoxy.
.a c. Polyester.
.a d. Polymide.
.A 2
.R
Epoxy has the maximum strength
.

.q 38 0
Which polymer has the highest service temperature?
.
.a a. Phenolic.
.a b. Epoxy.
.a c. Polyester.
.a d. Polymide.
.A 4
.R
Polymide has the highest service temperature
.

.q 39 2
What do you think of this test?
.
.a 8 60
.A kaw@eng.usf.edu
.q 1 0
Fiber volume fraction is defined as
.
.a a. Volume of Fibers/Volume of Matrix.
.a b. Volume of Fibers/Volume of Composite.
.a c. 1 plus the Matrix Volume Fraction.
.a d. Volume of Composite/Volume of Fibers
.A 2
.R
The fiber volume fraction is the defined as the volume of fibers divided by
the volume of the composite
.

.q 2 0
The change of properties for a corresponding 1 percent increase in void
content is in the range of
.
.a a. 2 to 10 percent.
.a b. less than 2 percent.
.a c. 2 to 15 percent.
.a d. greater than 15 percent.
.A 1
.R
The change of properties for a corresponding 1 percent increase in void
content is in the range of 2 to 10 percent
.

.q 3 0
The maximum fiber volume fraction for circular fibers in a square array is
.
.a a. 70.23 percent.
.a b. 90.69 percent.
.a c. 78.54 percent.
.a d. 86.93 percent.
.A 3
.R
The maximum fiber volume fraction for circular fibers in a square array is
78.54 percent
.

.q 4 0
The maximum fiber volume fraction for circular fibers in a hexagonal array is
.
.a a. 78.54 percent.
.a b. 90.69 percent.
.a c. 70.23 percent.
.a d. 86.93 percent.
.A 2
.R
The maximum fiber volume fraction for circular fibers in a hexagonal array is
90.69 percent
.

.q 5 0
Concerning the Halphin-Tsai equations for transverse elastic modulus, the
reinforcing factor depends on
.
.a a. Young's modulus of the fibers.
.a b. Young's modulus of the matrix.
.a c. fiber volume fraction.
.a d. packing geometry.
.A 4
.R
Concerning the Halphin-Tsai equations for transverse elastic modulus, the
reinforcing factor depends on the packing geometry
.

.q 6 0
The volume fraction of voids is generally determined by
.
.a a. burn or acid digestion tests.
.a b. tension tests.
.a c. impact tests.
.a d. purely analytical means.
.A 1
.R
The volume fraction of voids is generally determined by burn or acid
digestion tests
.

.q 7 0
Volume fraction of voids is given by
.
.a a. (theoretical minus experimental composite density)/theoretical
composite density.
.a b. (theoretical minus experimental composite density)/experimental
composite density.
.a c. void volume/(fiber volume plus composite volume).
.a d. (experimental minus theoretical composite density)/experimental
composite density.
.A 1
.R
Volume fraction of voids is given by the (theoretical minus experimental
composite density)/experimental composite density
.

.q 8 0
In a ceramic matrix material, generally matrix breaks precede fiber breaks
.
.a a. True.
.a b. False.
.A 1
.R
In a ceramic matrix material, generally matrix breaks precede fiber breaks
.

.q 9 0
The longitudinal modulus of a lamina is dependent on
.
.a a. fiber Young's modulus.
.a b. matrix Young's modulus.
.a c. fiber volume fraction.
.a d. all of the above.
.A 4
.R
The longitudinal modulus of a lamina is dependent on fiber Young's modulus,
matrix Young's modulus, and the fiber volume fraction
.

.q 10 0
Longitudinal modulus of a lamina is greater than
.
.a a. fiber and matrix Young's modulus.
.a b. matrix Young's modulus if it is less than the fiber Young's modulus.
.a c. fiber Young's modulus if it is greater than the matrix Young's
modulus.
.A
.R

.q 11 0
Generally for polymer matrix composites, the maximum strain to failure is
greater for
.
.a a. the fiber.
.a b. the matrix.
.a c. they are equal.
.A 2
.R
Generally for polymer matrix composites, the maximum strain to failure is
greater for the matrix
.

.q 12 0
Unidirectional composites are tested because
.
.a a. they are easy to manufacture.
.a b. they are used in most applications.
.a c. the results can be directly used to predict behavior in an off-axis
lamina.
.A 3
.R
Unidirectional composites are tested because the results can be directly used
to predict behavior in an off-axis lamina and multidirectional laminates.
.

.q 13 0
If the applied stress is greater than the longitudinal tensile strength, for
which volume fraction of fibers is it possible for the composite to take a
greater load?
.
.a a. critical fiber volume fraction.
.a b. minimum fiber volume fraction.
.a c. maximum fiber volume fraction.
.A 2
.R
The minimum volume fraction
.

.q 14 0
Poor bonding between the fiber and matrix results in
.
.a a. a decrease in the composite transverse strength.
.a b. an increase in the composite transverse strength.
.a c. no change in the composite transverse strength.
.A 1
.R
Poor bonding between the fiber and matrix results in a decrease in the
composite transverse strength
.

.q 15 0
For a lamina exposed to changes in temperature, it is generally assumed that
.
.a a. the change in temperature is the same for the fiber and the matrix.
.a b. the change in temperature is greater in the matrix than in the fiber.
.a c. the change in temperature is greater in the fiber than in the matrix.
.A 1
.R
For a lamina exposed to changes in temperature, it is generally assumed that
the change in temperature is the same for the fiber and the matrix
.

.q 16 0
For polymeric composites exposed to a change in moisture, the moisture
concentration in the fibers is generally
.
.a a. greater than zero.
.a b. less than zero.
.a c. close to zero.
.A 3
.R
For polymeric composites exposed to a change in moisture, the moisture
concentration in the fibers is generally close to zero
.

.q 17 0
For composites with high fiber to matrix moduli ratios, the longitudinal
coefficient of moisture expansion is
.
.a a. greater than the transverse value.
.a b. less than the transverse value.
.a c. equal to the transverse value.
.a d. zero.
.A 4
.R
For composites with high fiber to matrix moduli ratios, the longitudinal
coefficient of moisture expansion is zero
.

.q 18 0
The three most common types of fibers used in composites are glass, aramids,
and graphite. Of these, which are transversely isotropic?
.
.a a. glass and graphite.
.a b. glass and aramids.
.a c. aramids and graphite.
.A 3
.
.R
The three most common types of fibers used in composites are glass, aramids,
and graphite. Of these, aramids and graphite are transversely isotropic

.q 19 0
For a composite under a transverse tensile load, a weak fiber-matrix bond
.
.a a. may decrease the longitudinal tensile strength.
.a b. may increase the longitudinal tensile strength.
.a c. has no effect on the longitudinal tensile strength.
.A 2
.R
For a composite under a transverse tensile load, a weak fiber-matrix bond may
increase the longitudinal tensile strength
.

.q 20 0
The component in a polymeric matrix component which carries the largest
percentage of the applied load is
.
.a a. the fibers.
.a b. the matrix.
.a c. Neither, the fiber and matrix share the load equally.
.A 1
.R
The component in a polymeric matrix component which carries the largest
percentage of the applied load is the fibers
.

.q 21 0
Adding more fibers to a matrix
.
.a a. increases the ultimate tensile strength of the composite compared to
the matrix.
.a b. decreases the ultimate tensile strength of the composite compared to
the matrix.
.a c. has no effect.
.A 2
.R
Adding fibers to a matrix decreases the ultimate tensile strength of the
composite compared to the matrix
.

.q 22 2
What do you think of this test?
.
.a 8 60
.A kaw@eng.usf.edu

.q 1 0
Macro-mechanical analysis of a lamina is based on average properties and by
considering the lamina to be:
.
.a a. Isotropic.
.a b. Homogeneous.
.a c. Non-homogeneous.
.a d. Non-linear
.A 2
.R
Macro-mechanical analysis of a lamina is based on average properties and by
considering the lamina to be homogeneous
.

.q 2 0
The stiffness of a unidirectional lamina is usually much larger in the
direction:
.
.a a. of the fibers.
.a b. perpendicular to the fibers.
.a c. at a 45 degree angle to the fibers.
.a d. none of the above.
.A 1
.R
The stiffness of a unidirectional lamina is usually much larger in the
direction of the fibers
.

.q 3 0
Considering a body in equilibrium under various loads. The component of the
stress normal to the surface is called the normal stress and the stress
parallel to the surface is called the:
.
.a a. Von Mises Stress.
.a b. Maximum Normal Stress.
.a c. Shear Stress.
.a d. Contact Stress.
.A 3
.R
The stiffness of a unidirectional lamina is usually much larger in the
direction of the fibers
.

.q 4 0
A general working definition of strain can be given as:
.
.a a. Final length divided by the initial length.
.a b. The change in length of a specimen.
.a c. The change in length divided by the final length.
.a d. The change in length divided by the initial length.
.A 4
.R
Strain is defined as a change in length divided by the initial length
.

.q 5 0
If a part will not fail due to stress do strains even need to be considered?.
.
.a a. Yes
.a b. No
.A 1
.R
Geometrical constraints may sometimes be the primary design factor.
.

.q 6 0
For a linearly elastic isotropic material undergoing small deformations the
elastic modulus can be used to relate:
.
.a a. Stress and Strain.
.a b. Shear Modulus and Poisons Ratio.
.a c. Both a and b.
.a d. None of the above.
.A 3
.R
For a linearly elastic isotropic material undergoing small deformations the
elastic modulus can be used to relate stress, strain, shear modulus, and
poisons ratio
.

.q 7 0
How many independent constants are there in the general stiffness and
compliance matrices?
.
.a a. 21
.a b. 9
.a c. 36
.a d. 13
.A 1
.R
There are 21 independent constants in the general stiffness and compliance
matrices
.

.q 8 0
It is incorrect to assume a composite material to be isotropic, so can you
assume a composite to behave linearly and elastic?
.
.a a. Yes
.a b. No
.A 1
.R
Yes a composite material may behave linearly and elastic
.

.q 9 0
An example of a monoclinic material is:
.
.a a. Steel
.a b. Feldspar
.a c. Fiberglass
.a d. Brass
.A 2
.R
Feldspar is a monoclinic material
.

.q 10 0
Which of the following definitions describe an orthotropic material?
.
.a a. A material with one plane of material symmetry.
.a b. A material with three mutually perpendicular planes of material
symmetry
.a c. A material with an infinite number of planes of material symmetry
.a d. A material with no plane symmetry.
.A 2
.R
An orthotropic material has three mutually perpendicular planes of material
symmetry
.

.q 11 0
The number of independent elastic constants in an orthotropic material are?
.
.a a. 5
.a b. 7
.a c. 9
.a d. 2
.A 3
.R
There are 9 independent elastic constants in an orthotropic material
.

.q 12 0
The stiffness and compliance matrix for an isotropic material can be
calculated from knowing which two material properties?
.
.a a. Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson Ratio.
.a b. Modulus of Elasticity and Thermal Expansion Coefficient.
.a c. Shear Modulus and Thermal Expansion Coefficient.
.a d. Shear Modulus and Ultimate Tensile Strength.
.A 1
.R
Modulus of Elasticity and Thermal Expansion Coefficient
.

.q 13 0
An assumption that must be made when using Hooke's Law for a two-dimensional
unidirectional lamina is:
.
.a a. All loads are axial
.a b. Only shear loads are applied.
.a c. There are no out-of-plane loads.
.a d. There is no loading.
.A 3
.R
An assumption that must be made when using Hooke's Law for a two-dimensional
unidirectional lamina is that there are no out-of-plane loads
.

.q 14 0
An example of an isotropic material is:
.
.a a. Graphite/Epoxy lamina.
.a b. A wooden bar.
.a c. Feldspar.
.a d. Aluminum.
.A 4
.R
Aluminum is an isotropic material
.

.q 15 0
A unidirectional lamina with any fiber arrangement falls best under which of
the following material categories?
.
.a a. Isotropic Material
.a b. Anisotropic Material.
.a c. Monoclinic Material.
.a d. Orthotropic Material.
.A 4
.R
A unidirectional lamina falls under the material category of an orthotropic
material
.

.q 16 0
If the strength ratio is greater than one, a lamina is considered to:
.
.a a. be safe
.a b. have failed
.a c. may fail
.A 1
.R
A lamina is considered to fail for a strength ratio greater than one
.

.q 17 0
Failure in a material, according to the Tsia-Hill theory, is assumed to occur
when
.
.a a. The distortion energy is less than the failure distortion energy of
the material
.a b. The distortion energy is greater than the failure distortion energy of
the material
.a c. The distortion energy is half the failure distortion energy of the
material
.A 2
.R
Failure in a material, according to the Tsia-Hill theory, is assumed to occur
when the distortion energy is greater than the failure distortion energy of
the material
.

.q 18 0
The concept of strength ratio applies to
.
.a a. Maximum strain and Maximum stress theories
.a b. Tsai-Hill theory only
.a c. Any failure theory
.a d. Mohr's circle only
.A 3
.R
The concept of strength ratio applies to any failure theory
.

.q 19 0
The maximum stress and maximum strain failure theories give
.
.a a. Same results for every case
.a b. Different results for a every case
.a c. Different results except if the major Poisson's ratio is zero
.a d. Different results except if the major Poisson's ratio is zero or if
the mode of failure is shear in both failure theories.
.A 4
.R
The maximum stress and maximum strain failure theories give different
results. However, if the major Poisson's ratio is zero or the mode of
failure is shear in both failure theories, the results are the same.
.

.q 20 0
Which failure theory is based on the total strain energy failure theory of
Beltrami
.
.a a. Tsien-Wong
.a b. Wang-Chung
.a c. Tsia-Wu
.a d. Tsia-Hill
.A 3
.R
The Tsia-Wu failure theory is based on the total strain energy failure theory
of Beltrami
.

.q 21 0
To apply the Tsia Hill failure theory you must know
.
.a a. Global Stresses
.a b. Local Stresses
.a c. How long the load is applied
.a d. None of the above
.A 2
.R
To apply the Tsia Hill failure theory you must know local stresses
.

.q 22 0
The Tsia-Hill failure theory is a
.
.a a. Unanimous theory
.a b. United theory
.a c. Unified theory
.a d. None of the above
.A 3
.R
The Tsia-Hill failure theory is a unified theory
.

.q 23 0
The mode of failure cannot be found by using the
.
.a a. Maximum stress theory
.a b. Maximum strain theory
.a c. Tsia-Hill theory
.a d. None of the above
.A 3
.R
The mode of failure cannot be found by using the Tsia-Hill theory
.

.q 24 0
The units of thermal expansion are
.
.a a. K/K/m
.a b. m/m/C
.a c. N/m
.a d. None of the above
.A 2
.R
The units of thermal expansion are m/m/C
.

.q 25 0
The units of moisture expansion are
.
.a a. m/m/kg/kg
.a b. m/m/C
.a c. kg/kg/m/m
.a d. None of the above
.A 1
.R
The units of moisture expansion are m/m/kg/kg
.

.q 26 0
The units of moisture concentration are
.
.a a. m/m
.a b. kg/kg
.a c. m/m/kg/kg
.a d. kg/m
.A 2
.R
The units of moisture concentration are kg/kg
.

.q 27 0
Transformation of stresses at a point in a coordinate system to another is
dependent on
.
.a a. elastic properties of the material.
.a b. elastic properties of the material and the angle of rotation.
.a c. the angle of rotation.
.A 3
.R
Transformation of stresses at a point in a coordinate system to another is
dependent on the angle of rotation only
.

.q 28 0
Compliance is
.
.a a. a measure of stiffness of a material.
.a b. inverse of stiffness.
.a c. load per unit area.
.A 2
.R
Compliance is the inverse of stiffness
.

.q 29 0
If the transverse Young's Modulus is less than the longitudinal Young's
modulus then the major Poisson's ratio
.
.a a. is equal to minor Poisson's ratio
.a b. is greater than minor Poisson's ratio.
.a c. is less than minor Poisson's ratio.
.a d. zero.
.A 2
.R
If the transverse Young's Modulus is less than the longitudinal Young's
modulus then the major Poisson's ratio is greater than the minor Poisson's
ratio. Look at the reciprocal formula for the Poisson's ratios.
.

.q 30 0
The definition of stress is
.
.a a. load on a body.
.a b. load per unit area of the body.
.a c. load per unit length of the body.
.A 2
.R
The definition of stress is the load per unit area of the body
.

.q 31 0
Poisson's ratio is defined as
.
.a a. the inverse of Young's modulus.
.a b. longitudinal normal strain divided by transverse normal strain with
longitudinal load applied.
.a c. negative of transverse normal strain divided by longitudinal normal
strain with longitudinal load.
.A 3
.R
Poisson's ratio is defined as the negative of the transverse normal strain
divided by the longitudinal normal strain with a longitudinal load applied
.
.q 32 0
An isotropic material has how many principle directions of symmetry?
.
.a a. infinite.
.a b. 23.
.a c. 15.
.a d. 9.
.A 1
.R
An isotropic material has an infinite number of principle directions of
symmetry?
.

.q 33 0
A unidirectional lamina falls with a random, hexagonal or square arrangement
best falls under the category of
.
.a a. transversely isotropic.
.a b. orthotropic.
.a c. monoclinic.
.a d. anisotropic.
.A 1
.R
A unidirectional lamina with a random, hexagonal or square arrangement falls
under the category of transversely isotropic because then there will be one
plane of isotropy. For example, if the fiber direction is 1, in that case
the 2-3 plane will behave isotropically - like E2=E3.

.q 34 0
Which composite generally has the largest longitudinal elastic modulus?
.
.a a. glass/epoxy.
.a b. boron/epoxy.
.a c. graphite/epoxy.
.A 2
.R
Boron/Epoxy composites generally has the largest longitudinal elastic
modulus?
.

.q 35 0
Which composite generally has the lowest shear modulus?
.
.a a. glass/epoxy.
.a b. boron/epoxy.
.a c. graphite/epoxy.
.A 1
.R
Glass/Epoxy composites generally has the lowest shear modulus
.

.q 36 0
The number of independent elastic constants in an anisotropic material are?
.
.a a. 21
.a b. 2
.a c. 9
.a d. 5
.A 1
.R
There are 21 independent elastic constants in an anisotropic material
.

.q 37 0
The number of independent elastic constants in an monoclinic material are?
.
.a a. 21
.a b. 2
.a c. 13
.a d. 5
.A 3
.R
There are 13 independent elastic constants in an monoclinic material
.

.q 38 0
The number of independent elastic constants in a transversely isotropic
material are?
.
.a a. 21
.a b. 2
.a c. 9
.a d. 5
.A 4
.R
There are 5 independent elastic constants in a transversely isotropic
material
.

.q 39 2
What do you think of this test? Comment on it and suggest some questions
.
.a 8 60
.A kaw@eng.usf.edu

.q 1 0
The [B] matrix is equal to zero in which of the following laminates?
.
.a a. [0,90].
.a b. [0,45].
.a c. [0,45,45,0].
.a d. [0,45,-45].
.A 3
.R
The [B] matrix is equal to zero the [0,45,45,0] laminate

.q 2 0
Which of the following will expand the most with temperature?
.
.a a. Steel.
.a b. Aluminum.
.a c. Graphite epoxy in the direction along the fibers.
.a d. Glass epoxy in the direction along the fibers.
.A 2
.R
Aluminum will expand the most as thermal expansion coefficient along the
fiber directions are generally low.
.

.q 3 0
Which of the following will expand the most with temperature?
.
.a a. Steel.
.a b. Aluminum.
.a c. Graphite/Epoxy in the direction parallel to the fibers.
.a d. Glass/Epoxy in the direction perpendicular the fibers.
.A 4
.R
Generally, Glass/Epoxy will have a higher thermal expansion coefficient in
the direction perpendicular to the direction of fibers than aluminum.
However, the value depends on the fiber volume fraction, type of glass fiber
and epoxy grade.
.

.q 4 0
Which of the following laminates will not undergo bending from thermal loads?
.
.a a. [0,45,-45].
.a b. [0,45,90,90,45,0].
.a c. [0,30,-45].
.a d. [0,45,90,45,-45].
.A 2
.R
[0,45,90,90,45,0] will not undergo bending from thermal loads
.

.q 5 0
Hygrothermal stresses and strains are caused by
.
.a a. Water pressure.
.a b. Air pressure.
.a c. Changes in humidity and temperature.
.a d. Normal loads.
.A 3
.R
Hygrothermal stresses and strains are caused by changes in humidity and
temperature
.

.q 6 0
If a hygrothermal load is the only load applied to a lamina, the overall
mechanical load is equal to
.
.a a. the same magnitude as the hygrothermal load.
.a b. slightly less than the hygrothermal load.
.a c. the inverse of the hygrothermal load.
.a d. zero.
.A 4
.R
If a hygrothermal load is the only load applied to a lamina, the overall
mechanical load is equal to zero
.

.q 7 0
Hygrothermal forces are considered fictitious thermal forces because
.
.a a. they don't exist.
.a b. they act like mechanical forces, but no mechanical force is present.
.a c. they are uncommon.
.a d. they can only be produced in a laboratory.
.A 2
.R
Hygrothermal forces are considered fictitious thermal forces because they act
like mechanical forces, but no mechanical force is present
.

.q 8 0
Non-symmetric laminates undergo this when hygrothermal loads are applied
.
.a a. Warpage.
.a b. They fall apart.
.a c. No change.
.a d. Failure.
.A 1
.R
Non-symmetric laminates undergo warpage when hygrothermal loads are applied
.

.q 9 0
Which of the following laminates will not undergo warpage due to hygrothermal
loads
.
.a a. [0,90].
.a b. [0,90,45].
.a c. [0,45,-45,0].
.a d. [45.90].
.A 3
.R
[0,45,-45,0] will not undergo warpage due to hygrothermal loads
.

.q 10 0
Matrix [A*] is known as the
.
.a a. Transformation matrix.
.a b. Extensional compliance matrix.
.a c. Pending stiffness matrix.
.a d. Coupling stiffness matrix.
.A 2
.R
Matrix [A*] is known as the Extensional compliance matrix
.

.q 11 0
The coupling matrix [B] is zero for
.
.a a. all analysis that need simplification.
.a b. non-symmetric laminates.
.a c. symmetric laminates.
.a d. all quasi isotropic laminates.
.A 3
.R
The coupling matrix [B] is zero for symmetric laminates
.

.q 12 0
A typical graphite epoxy lamina of 0.005 inch thickness will fail at about an
extensional load of
.
.a a. 1500 pounds.
.a b. 250 pounds.
.a c. 750 pounds.
.a d. 2400 pounds.
.A 3
.R
A typical graphite epoxy lamina of 0.005 inch thickness will fail at about an
extensional load of 750 pounds
.

.q 13 0
Which one of the following assumptions does not relate to the classical
lamination theory
.
.a a. Each lamina is orthotropic.
.a b. The lamina is thin with only in-plane loads.
.a c. Each lamina is elastic.
.a d. Slip occurs between lamina interfaces.
.A 4
.R
The assumption that slip occurs between lamina interfaces does not relate to
the classical lamination theory
.

.q 14 0
[0/90/90/90/0] is an example of
.
.a a. an angle ply laminate.
.a b. unsymmetric laminate.
.a c. cross-ply laminate.
.A 3
.R
[0/90/90/0/90] is an example of a cross-ply laminate
.

.q 15 0
[A] [B] and [D] are called
.
.a a. Extensional, Coupling, and Bending Stiffness matrices, respectively.
.a b. Extensional, De-coupling, and Bending Stiffness matrices,
respectively.
.a c. Coupling, Bending, and Extensional Stiffness matrices, respectively.
.a d. None of the above.
.A 1
.R
[A] [B] and [D] are called the Extensional, Coupling, and Bending Stiffness
matrices, respectively
.

.q 16 0
The [B] matrix for an asymmetric laminate is
.
.a a. zero.
.a b. non-zero.
.A 2
.R
The [B] matrix for an asymmetric laminate is non-zero
.

.q 17 0
The extensional stiffness matrix [A] for a laminate will not change if
.
.a a. stacking sequence is changed.
.a b. angle of plies is changed.
.a c. elastic properties of the lamina are changed.
.A 1
.R
The extensional stiffness matrix [A] for a laminate will not change if the
stacking sequence is changed
.

.q 18 2
What do you think of this test?
.
.a 8 60
.A kaw@eng.usf.edu

.q 1 0
Which matrix has to equal zero in order to avoid warpage due to thermal
loading in a laminate?
.
.a a. Extensional Stiffness Matrix.
.a b. Coupling Matrix.
.a c. Bending Stiffness Matrix.
.A 2
.R
Uncoupling of the extension and bending matrices prevents the laminate from
twisting due to thermal loads
.

.q 2 0
Give an example of a symmetric laminate:
.
.a a. [0/30/30/0/30]
.a b. [0/45/45]
.a c. [0/30/0]
.A 3
.R
[0/30/0] is a symmetric laminate.
.

.q 3 0
What angle plies are used to make a cross-ply laminate?
.
.a a. 0,80
.a b. 0,45,-45,90
.a c. 0,90
.a d. 45,-45
.A 3
.R
A laminate is called a cross-ply laminate if only 0 and 90 degree plies were
used to make the laminate
.

.q 4 0
Give an example of a balance laminate:
.
.a a. [30/-30]
.a b. [45/30]
.a c. [60/30]
.A 1
.R
[30/-30] is an example of a balanced laminate
.

.q 5 0
What does a quasi-isotropic laminate simulate?
.
.a a. an isotropic metal in extension
.a b. an isotropic material in bending
.a c. an isotropic material in both bending and extension
.A 1
.R
A laminate is called a quasi-isotropic if its extensional stiffness matrix
behaves like that of an isotropic material
.

.q 6 0
What is the minimum number of plies to make a quasi-isotropic laminate?
.
.a a. 2
.a b. 3
.a c. 4
.A 2
.R
One can make a quasi-isotropic laminate by having a laminate with 3 or more
laminas of the same material and thickness
.

.q 7 0
If one ply fails in a laminate, does the entire laminate fail?
.
.a a. No
.a b. Yes
.a c. Maybe
.A 3
.R
A laminate will fail under increasing mechanical and thermal loads, however,
the laminate failure may not be catastrophic
.

.q 8 0
A [0/90] laminate is
.
.a a. quasi-isotropic.
.a b. not quasi-isotropic.
.a c. may or may not be quasi-isotropic.
.A 2
.R
A [0/90] laminate is not quasi-isotropic
.

.q 9 0
In a cylindrical pressure vessel under uniform internal pressure the
.
.a a. hoop stress is the same as the longitudinal stress.
.a b. hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress.
.a c. hoop stress is half the longitudinal stress.
.A 2
.R
In a cylindrical pressure vessel under uniform internal pressure the hoop
stress is twice the longitudinal stress
.

.q 10 0
In a spherical pressure vessel under uniform internal pressure the
.
.a a. hoop stress is the same as the longitudinal stress.
.a b. hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress.
.a c. hoop stress is half the longitudinal stress.
.A 1
.R
In a spherical pressure vessel under uniform internal pressure the hoop
stress is same as the longitudinal stress
.

.q 11 2
What do you think of this test?
.
.a 8 60
.A kaw@eng.usf.edu

1) What is a composite?

@ A composite is a structural material which consists of combining two or

more constituents

a. Recycled waste.
b. A chemical reaction.
c. The latest computer software.
*d. A structural material consisting of two or more constituents.

2) Advanced composites are

@ Advanced composites are traditionally used in aerospace industries

a. naturally found.
*b. traditionally used in aerospace industries.
c. low performance composites.

3) Composites are easy to repair.

@ Composites are generally difficult to repair

a. True.
*b. False.

4) What fiber factors contribute to the mechanical performance of a

composite?

@ Length, orientation, and shape all contribute to the mechanical performance

of a composite

a. Length.
b. Orientation.
c. Shape.
*d. All of the above.

5) PMC stands for:

@ PMC stands for Polymer Matrix Composite

a. Polymer Metal Composition.

*b. Polymer Matrix Composite.
c. Polyethylene Metal Composition.

6) The most common advanced composites are

a. Metal Matrix Composites.
*b. Polymer Matrix Composites.
c. Ceramic Matrix Composites.

@ The most common advanced composites are Polymer Matrix Composites

7) The most common fibers used in advanced polymer composites are

@ The most common fibers used in advanced polymer composites are glass,
graphite, and kelvar

a. glass, steel, and aluminum.

*b. glass, graphite, and kelvar.
c. glass, steel, and kelvar.

8) E-glass type fiber is used for

@E-glass type fiber is used for electrical applications

*a. Electrical applications.

b. Environmental applications.
c. Evaporative applications.

9) One of the major drawbacks of composites is

@ One of the major drawbacks of composites is their relatively high cost of

fabrication

*a. high cost of fabrication.

b. no body needs them.
c. they are extremely heavy.

10) SMC stands for

@ SMC stands for Sheet Molding Compound

a. Structural Metal Composite.

b. Strong Metal Composite.
*c. Sheet Molding Compound.

1) Annual growth of composites is at a steady rate of

a. 5 percent.
*b. 10 percent.
c. 15 percent.
d. -15 percent.

@ Annual growth of composites is at a steady rate of 10 percent

2) Reducing one pound of mass in a commercial aircraft can save up to how

many gallons per year?
a. 50.
*b. 350.
c. 3500.
d. 30000

@ Reducing one pound of mass in a commercial aircraft can save up to 350

gallons per year?

3) The material of the fiber directly influences the mechanical performance

of a composite

*a. True.
b. False.

@The material of the fiber directly influences the mechanical performance of

a composite

4) The most common fiber shape is

a. Rectangular.
b. Triangular.
*c. Circular.

@ The most common fiber shape is circular

5) The units of fracture toughness are

a. MPa-m.
b. MPa^0.5-m.
*c. MPa-m^0.5.

@ The units of fracture toughness are MPa-m^0.5

6) A typical range of carbon content in carbon fiber is

*a. 93-95%.
b. 92-95%.
c. 93-94%.
d. 90-95%

@A typical range of carbon content in carbon fiber is 93-95%

7) Graphite fibers have one of the following carbon content

a. 99%.
b. less than 99%.
*c. more than 99%.
d. 98%.

@ Graphite fibers have more than 99% carbon content

8) Thermoset plastic polymers have the following type of bonding

*a. Covalent bond.
b. Vanderwaals bond.
c. Atomic bond.
d. none of the above

@ Thermoset plastic polymers have covalent type of bonding

9) Current service temperature limits for polymers reach

*a. 750 degrees Fahrenheit.

b. 1750 degrees Fahrenheit.
c. 450 degrees Fahrenheit.
d. 350 degrees Fahrenheit

@ Current service temperature limits for polymers reach 750 degrees

Fahrenheit

10) Mechanical fasteners are made of what type of composite

a. Boron-Epoxy.
b. Graphite-Epoxy.
*c. Carbon-Carbon.
d. All of the above.

@ Mechanical fasteners are made of Carbon-Carbon composites

1) Isotropic means

@ Isotropic means a material with the same properties in all directions

a. a material with different properties in all directions.

*b. a material with the same properties in all directions.
c. a material with elastic properties.
d. none of the above.

2) Composite materials are

@ Composite materials are neither homogeneous or isotropic

a. isotropic but not homogeneous.

b. homogeneous but not isotropic.
c. both homogeneous and isotropic.
*d. neither homogeneous or isotropic.

3) Anisotropic materials are

@ Anisotropic materials have different properties in all directions

*a. materials with different properties in all directions.

b. materials with the same properties in all directions.
c. materials with the same properties in two perpendicular directions.
d. none of the above.

4) Inter-ply hybrid composites consist of

@ Inter-ply hybrid composites consist of two or more different composite

systems

*a. two or more different composite systems.

b. two or more different fibers used in the same ply.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.

5) Aramid fibers are made up of

@ Aramid fibers are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

a. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Graphite.

*b. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
c. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen.
d. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen.

6) A typical example of thermoplastics include

@ A typical example of thermoplastics include polyethylene

*a. polyethylene.
b. polyesters.
c. phenolics.

7) Polymer matrix composites are manufactured in the automotive industry

where short production runs are necessary by

@ Polymer matrix composites are manufactured in the automotive industry where

short production runs are necessary by resin transfer molding

a. filament winding.
b. autoclave forming.
*c. resin transfer molding.
d. none of the above.

8) Which of the following composites are replacing metals in golf club

shafts.

@ Graphite-Epoxy is replacing metals in golf club shafts

a. Carbon-Carbon.
*b. Graphite-Epoxy.
c. Boron-Epoxy.
d. none of the above.

9) Which of the following is a drawback for phenolic resin systems

@ High Void content is a drawback for phenolic resin systems

a. high cost.
b. low mechanical strength.
*c. high void content.

10) Bullet proof vests use

@ Bullet proof vests use Kelvar

*a. Kelvar.
b. Graphite.
c. Boron.
d. Glass.