Nama:Asrul Rasyid Redho

Nim :03051181419055
Teknik Mesin A

Four-stroke engine is a combustion engine in which combustion occurs in a cycle of four stroke
piston. Today, internal combustion engines in cars, motorcycles, trucks, airplanes, ships, heavy
equipment and so on, generally using a four-step cycle. The four steps include, step suction (intake),
compression, power and exhaust steps require two rounds overall crankshaft (crankshaft) by one cycle
gasoline engine or a diesel engine.

History
Four-stroke engine, first patented by Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci in 1854, followed by the first
prototype engine in 1860 was also drafted by the French engineer, Alphonse Beau de Rochas in 1862,
but the German engineer, Nicolaus Otto who first developed the the use of four-stroke engine,
therefore the principle to four steps on a machine known as the Otto cycle and four-stroke engine with
spark plug is also called the Otto engine. Otto cycle consists of compression generates heat, the addition
of heat at constant volume, the volume expansion due to heat and exhaust heat at constant volume.
The working principle
To understand the working principles, it is necessary to understand the applicable standard term in
automotive engineering:
> TDC (top dead center) or TDC (top dead center), the position of the piston is at the top spot in the
engine cylinder or piston is at its farthest from the crankshaft (crankshaft).
> BDC (bottom dead center) or BDC (bottom dead center), the position of the piston is at its bottom in
the engine cylinder or piston is at its closest to the crank shaft (crankshaft).
step one
The piston moves from TDC to BDC, the position of intake valve open and valve closed out, resulting in
the air (diesel engine) or gas (mostly gasoline engines) are sucked into the combustion chamber. The
process air or gas before entering the combustion chamber, can be seen on the intake system.
The second step
The piston moves from BDC to TDC, the valve position entry and exit is closed, resulting in the air or
compressed gases in the combustion chamber. Moments before the piston to the TDC position, ignition
timing (ignition timing) occurs, the spark ignition gasoline engine, while a diesel engine in the form of
sprays (injection) fuel.
The third step
Gas is burned in the combustion chamber will increase the pressure in the combustion chamber,
resulting in piston driven from TDC to BDC. This step is a process step that produces power.
The fourth step
The piston moves from BDC to TDC, intake valve closed position and an open exit valve, resulting
combustion gases are pushed out to the sewer. The next process in the sewer can be seen on the
exhaust system.
design
The compression ratio
The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the pistons move relative to the volume of the
combustion chamber when the piston at TDC position.
SOHC vs DOHC
Single over head camshaft, camshaft engine with single axles on top of the cylinder. Double over head
camshaft, camshaft engine with dual axles on top of the cylinder.
Long vs. Short stroke
Referred to in character long stroke engine when the piston step is longer than the diameter of the
piston. Character called short stroke engine when the piston step is shorter than the diameter of the
piston

1.What do you think about Four-stroke engine?

Four-stroke engine is a combustion engine in which combustion occurs in a cycle of four stroke piston.

2.Who was first patented Four-stroke engine?

Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci

3.Which year was patented four-stroke engine by Euginio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci?

In 1854

4.What is the purpose The compression ratio?

The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the pistons move relative to the volume of the
combustion chamber when the piston at TDC position.

5.Derived from where Nicholas Otto?

Germany