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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to promote the use of solar the world which has no harmful environmental impact.
energy in powering traffic signal systems for rural areas in Qatar Most manufactures warrantee their solar panels for 20
with no power grid. A photovoltaic system is needed in order to years. Small photovoltaic systems are excellent supply
use this energy continuously. The results of the investigation of sources in cases of natural disasters. In such cases
components, design, and market availability are shown in the
paper. Solar cells, which are used for absorbing sunlight and
photovoltaic systems can be used as power supply sources
generating electric current, are the main source for the systems for medical institutions, schools, street lighting, traffic
operation. A charge controller is used to control the flow of signalization, road sign illumination, water pumps, and
charge through the battery and to protect the battery from purifying systems.
overcharging and deep discharging. A dc-dc converter is used to In this project the circuit has two voltage sources, the
regulate the output voltage which depends on the type of dc to dc battery and the solar cell, in order to keep the traffic light
converter. Lead acid batteries are used as the electric energy operating at all times in rural areas with lack of electricity.
storage for the PV system to use electrical energy in the absence The purpose of the solar panel within the circuit is to
of sunlight. The principle operation of the system and the provide a clean source of energy to run the traffic light
feasibility of using it for rural area with no power grid have been
studied. For this project, a mount tracker was constructed that
signal and to charge the battery during the day. The second
enabled the solar panel to be placed at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 energy source is the lead acid battery which charges by
degree angles in order to determine which angle and what time solar cell during the day and supplies electricity to the
provides the optimum voltage. Experimental results for different circuit during periods when the solar cell cant generate
angles of radiation at different times of the day and different days enough voltage to run the circuit (during night or cloudy
of the year are shown in the paper. days).
(2)
References
[1] H. Moghbelli, et al , Investigation of Solar Energy
Applications with Design and Implementation of Photovoltaic
Traffic Light Signal System for Qatar, student project,
Qatar Foundation, URPE 4-17-71 final report, Nov. 2008.
Figure 19: Solar Panel Power versus Time at Different Angles for [4] "Solar Cell Manufacturing Plants." Solarbuzz. 2007.
November 8 Solarbuzz. 20 July 2007
http://www.solarbuzz.com/Plants.htm.
Conclusion
[5] Bhattacharya, P (1994). Semiconductor Optoelectronic
Different parts of solar powered traffic light signal Devices. New Jersey: A Paramount Communications Company.
systems were examined and designed. These parts include:
[6]DC-DC Converters,
solar cells, dc to dc converter, charge controller, chemical http://www.powerdesigners.com/InfoWeb/design_center/articles/
batteries, traffic stop light signals, and solar fixed array. DC-DC/converter.shtm
Additionally, the principle of operation, market availability,
and design of different parts were investigated. [7] M. H. Rashid, Power Electronics and Converters, Prentice
Crystalline silicon solar cells were proven to be the most Hall, 2003.
favorable type for traffic stop light signals, due to its
availability in the market, and its higher efficiency. A buck- [8] http://www.thermoanalytics.com/docs/batteries.html
boost dc-dc converter was used in order to either amplify or
[9]
decrease the input voltage so that a consistent 12V output is
http://www.arttec.net/Solar_Mower/4_Electrical/Battery%20Char
obtained. The most feasible battery technology used in the ging.pdf
solar traffic light project was the lead acid battery since
they are relatively inexpensive and have a longer lifetime [10] http://www.solarpanelinfo.com/solar-
compared to other batteries. The use of the LED stop light panels/accessories/mounts/
is energy efficient and has a long life span and low
maintenance costs. The manipulated stop light used in this [11] http://www.solenergy.com.au/SolarTrackers.htm
project proved to be convenient since the microcontroller
could be programmed any time if a phase change was [12]
http://www.nautimarket.net/shop/product_info.php?products_id=2
required.
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Computer simulations were used to analyze each
component and to find their optimum operating conditions
in order to use it in the solar system. The complete system
was tested for different time of the day and different days
of each month and test results were recorded and shown in
the paper. The highest voltage was supplied at an angle of
15 to 30 degrees during the morning time up to 12:30. In
the afternoon, after 12:30, the angles 60 to 75 degrees
showed the highest voltage. Also, as a result of this project
investigation, the awareness of using renewable energy was
promoted among the students and academic community in
Qatar.
Appendix