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In 2011, he was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in
India, by the Government of India.2
Baxi earned LL.B. from Rajkot (South Gujarat) University. He holds LL.M.
degrees from the University of Bombay and the University of California,
Berkeley. Additionally, he holds a degree of Doctorate of Juristic Sciences
(S.J.D.), also from the University of California, Berkeley
1
de Droit International de la Ha Staff, A. (2002). Recueil Des Cours: Collected Courses: Index Tomes/. Martinus
Nijhoff. p. 273. ISBN 9789041116123. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
2
"Padma Awards Announced" (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 6
June 2013.
3
Padma Vibhushan for Montek Ahluwalia, Azim Premji ET Bureau". Economic Times. 26 January 2011.
Retrieved 6 June 2013
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Professor Baxis writings have been cited by Indian High Courts and the Indian
Supreme Court as well as by appellate justices in South Asia. In one instance,
the International Court of Justice cited his work as persuasive authority
concerning state succession to treaties. Professor Baxi has been awarded
Honorary Doctorates in Law by the National Law School University of India,
Bangalore and the University of La Trobe, Melbourne. The Indian Lawyers
Association recently honoured him with a lifetime achievement award, along
with Justice Krishna Iyer. Two festschrifts (books of essays in his honour) have
been recently published, and several books have been dedicated to him.
Professor William Twining has recently dealt extensively with Baxis thoughts
and texts (along with those of Francis Deng, Yash Ghai, and Abdullahi-An-
Naim) in a book entitled Human Rights: Southern Voices (Cambridge, 2009.)
For his contribution to legal and political affairs, he was awarded the third
highest civic Honor a Padmashriby the President of India in 2011.4
Professor Upendra Baxi, currently (since 1996) Professor of Law in
Development, University of Warwick, served as Professor of Law, University
of Delhi (1973-1996) and as its Vice Chancellor (1990-1994.) He has also
served as: Vice Chancellor, University of South Gujarat, Surat (1982-1985),
Honorary Director (Research) The Indian Law Institute (1885-1988.) He was
the President of the Indian Society of International Law (1992-1995.)
Professor Baxi has taught various courses in law and science, comparative
constitutionalism and social theory of human rights at Universities of Sydney,
Duke University, Washington College of Law, The American University;
Global Law Program New York University Law School and at the University
of Toronto. He was recently invited to deliver the Keynote Address at the
international conferences of the Law and Society Association at Baltimore, the
Critical Legal Studies Conference, Hyderabad and the Julius Stone birth
centenary event at the University of Sydney Law School (July, 2007.)
4
http://www.arts.mq.edu.au/
2
He serves on the editorial boards of many leading Indian and overseas learned
journals and has contributed well over 200 articles. His main publications
include:The Indian Supreme Court and Politics (1979); The Crisis of the Indian
Legal System (1982); Courage, Craft and Contention: The Indian Supreme
Court in Mid-Eighties (1985); Towards a Sociology of Indian Law (1986);
Liberty and Corruption: The Antualy Case and Beyond (1990); Marx, Law, and
Justice: Indian Perspectives (1993); Inhuman Wrongs and Human Rights
(1994); Mambrinos Helmet? Human Rights for a Changing World (1994.) He
has edited a number of volumes, including the Bhopal Case trilogy, published
by the Indian Law Institute and Law and Poverty: Critical Essays (1989.)
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HIS PUBLICATIONS
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES
He has wrote so many articles on different issues. His articles are scholarly in
nature. Some of his articles are as follows:
2007
2006
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(2006) Siting Secularism in the Uniform Civil Code, in Rajan, R S and
Needham, A (eds) Secularism in India (under publication; Durham, Duke
University Press)
(2006) What May the Third World Expect from International Law? Third
World Quarterly 27, pp 713-725.
2005
(2005) The War on Terror and the War of Terror: Nomadic Multitudes,
Aggressive Incumbents, and the New International Law, Osgoode Hall Law
Journal 43, pp 7-43.
2004
(2004) The Just War for Profit and Power: The Bhopal Catastrophe and
the Principle of Double Effect, in Bomann-Larsen, L and Wiggen, O
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(eds) Responsibility in World Business: Managing Harmful Side-effects of
Corporate Activity (Tokyo: The United Nations University Press) pp 175-201.
2003
2002 etc
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(2002) The (Im) possibility of Constitutional Justice: Seismographic Notes
on Indian Constitutionalism in Sridharan, E et al. (eds)Indias Living
Constitution: Ideas, Practices, Controversies (Delhi, Permanent Black) pp. 31-
63.
(2001) Too Many or Two Few Human Rights? Human Rights Law
Review 1, pp 1-9.
Baxi begins his book with the following sentence: This book seeks to decipher
the future of protean forms of social action assembled, by convention, under a
portal named human rights. It problematizes the very notion of human rights,
the standard narratives of their origins, the ensemble of ideologies animating
their modes of production, and the wayward circumstances of their
enunciation.(v)
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In the first chapter, Baxi is at pains to illustrate the different ways in which
human rights are used and understood throughout the world. For Baxi, it is
axiomatic that the historic mission of contemporary human rights is to give
voice to human suffering, to make it visible, and to ameliorate it.5
The second chapter begins with the argument against the claim that human
rights originated with the European Enlightenment, or that they are in any way
the gift of the West to the rest. Baxi is very eloquent in his denial of this
proposition, and comes up with a number of powerful arguments as to why it
should be rejected. The main theme introduced by chapter two, however, is the
distinction between modern and contemporary notions of human rights. The
last important distinction introduced in this chapter is that between politics of
human rights and politics for human rights.6
The next two chapters are largely concerned with setting the scene within which
Baxi sees contemporary human rights as functioning.
BOOKS:-
Some important books of him:-
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Review of Upendra Baxis The Future of Human Rights By Euan MacDonald*
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Review of Upendra Baxis The Future of Human Rights By Euan MacDonald*
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Towards a Sociology of Indian Law. Satvahan, 1986.
The Indian Supreme Court and Politics. Eastern Book Co., 1980.
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SUMMARY OF BOOK-THE FUTURE OF HUMAN RIGHT:-
Summar of The Future of Human Rights
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REVIEW OF BOOK-THE FUTURE OF HUMAN RIGHT-
This book is pitch in the main at the international human right scholar, it
will contain something capable of stimulating-and frustrating- even the
most jaded reader. For a short book just over 150 pages-it brims with
ideas. Its range is also rather grand: the work contains chapters on the
genealogy of human rights, relativism and rights, and the impact on
human rights culture of the dynamics of globalism. While providing an
account of some of the main steams of argument contained within it, this
review will select just a handful of choice cuts from the book in order to
give a flavour of the work as a whole.
While the Title of the book might suggest a work of divination, The
Future of Human Rights in fact constitutes a (Lighly individual) stocking
of Pact developments and a sustained analysis of contemporary ones.
This is not intended as a criticism. For one thing, taking stock of the
present is hard enough a task given Baxis subject-matter. For another,
works of futurology tend gradually to disappoint, resulting more often
than not in uncompelling utopian or dystopian fantasies. The few
predictions that do occur in Baxis work are often no more than throw-
away last paragraphs to chapters. The authors complicated, redical
pluralism means that such predictions tend to oscillate widly, and at the
same time, between often polarised scenarios. An example of this sort of
hedge- betting occurs at the end of a discussion of contemporary human
rights practice- and the world of the NGOs-in chapter 3, Baxi argues,
almost in the same breath, that the diversity of contemporary human right
practice has the potential both to satisfy of Children, and to leave almost
wholly intact the structures of global uppression for Midnight s Children
everywhere in the fourth world. The chapter closer with a pious wish: As
and when future practices of human right resistance and solidarity build
bridges of communicative hope between the two (worlds), the future of
human rights may well be born, some way find this type of conclusion, as
more generally the almost playful method of argument that underlies it,
trying. About, at all times, it retains the capacity to provoke and
stimulate.
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CONCLUSION:-
Upendra Baxis essays "are the grains of salt which will rather give an
appetite than offend with society. His essays cover a huge range of
subjects and the writing style is quite varied. Some are philosophical,
some are witty, some are deep, some are humorous. Upendra Baxis aim
as an essayist was to share the wisdom of his life. His style of essay
writing is not dogmatic nor didactic but rather personable and friendly.
His style allows him to explore such subjects with an observational eye
that relates incidents to meaning and only eventually reveals his judgment
and wisdom on the subject. His essays were well received because of his
warm wisdom. He was very skeptical. And no doubt he was an
empiricist. His way of thinking was inductive. It was based upon facts
and upon data. His spirit of inquiry and spirit of skepticism was the
outcome of Renaissance.
Upendra Baxis essays are the art of success among men. He comes out
as a moralist, the statesman and the man of the world and his Essays are
the treasures of wisdom arising from the universal insight into the affairs
of the world. There is a blend of deep wisdom and practical shrewdness
with satire and meditative eloquence. Bacon expresses his views in the
form of antithesis. It is the outcome of his mental habit fastened by his
practice in the courts. His essays remain force compendium of practical
philosophy. There is found wit, keen observation, graver or clever
mundane judgments.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
WEBSITES:-
www.recht-als-kultur.de.
https://www2.warwick.ac.uk.
www.law.ed.ac.uk.
https//en.wikipedia.org.
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