Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The Moon was born very close to the earth Hit by the massive meteorite
at the beginning. close to the Moon size
The early earth preparing for life
Organic molecules
water (H2O
methane (CH4)
ammonia (NH3) and
hydrogen (H2)
but no oxygen
Catalyzed reactions on
clay minerals
amino acids and
nucleic acid bases are
attracted and bind to
clay minerals
Forming membranes
Protocells
The big step
Combining the building blocks
into a self-replicating cell
with cell membrane
enclosing an environment of proteins,
DNA, RNA, ATP and their building
blocks
modern stromatolites
survive in limited (hyper-
saline) environments in
Shark Bay, Australia
Earth and life evolve together
Snowball Earth
The Snowball Earth period.
The first snowball is 2,200 million years ago.
Primitive bacteria produced oxygen.
Laggania cambria
Anomalocaris - reconstruction
Hallucigenia
Presently classified as onychophoran
Continental Drift
Eurypterus remipes
Fiddler's Green Formation,
Herkimer County, New York
Caledonian orogeny is a mountain building era.
Brachiopods continued
their diversification in the
Devonian seas
Ammonites, Crinoids and
other echinoderms
The 25cm fossil was found in May 2005 in the Gogo area near Fitzroy
Crossing in the northwest of Western Australia.
Top 10 New Species 2009
International Institute of Species Explorations
Devonian Delivery
http://species.asu.edu/2009_species09
The first shrub and tree-like plants,
such as Progymnosperms and
lycopsids, had evolved by the middle
Devonian. By the late Devonian the
first real trees, such as
Archaeopteris ("ancient fern" - not to
be confused with Archaeopteryx,
"ancient wing", the first bird!), had
appeared.
Jennifer A. Clack Cambridge University
Acanthostega
Acanthostega and Ichthyostega the first well-preserved tetrapods
In Late Devonian vertebrate speciation, descendants of pelagic lobe-finned fish like Eusthenopteron
exhibited a sequence of adaptations:
Panderichthys, suited to muddy shallows;
Tiktaalik with limb-like fins that could take it onto land;
Early tetrapods in weed-filled swamps, such as:
Acanthostega which had feet with eight digits,
Ichthyostega with limbs.
Descendants also included pelagic lobe-finned fish such as coelacanth species.
The Carboniferous forests produced tremendous The major animals on land during the Carboniferous
biomass which, when buried, eventually turned into were the amphibians and insects
massive coal deposits of the age.
Dragonfly fossils have been found with wingspans up to 75 cm. Petrolacosaurus: one of the very first reptiles ever
Synapsids: mammal-like reptiles, "stem-mammals", "proto-mammals"
Pelycosaurs
Foraminiferans that had appeard during the Carboniferous
Two Dimetrodon stroll past a pool with an emerging Eryops.
continued their diversification.
Trilobites were rarely encountered, although Brachiopods
and Crinoids had some recovery of species diversity
During the Permian the assembly of Pangaea was
completed and a whole host of new groups of
organisms evolved.
The Permian ended in the greatest of the mass
extinctions, where over 90% of all species were
extinguished.
Reconstruction of Gondwana is supported by the
distribution of various fossils, such as the plant fossil
Glossopteris.
Permian-Triassic Period, The 3th Mass Extinction
90% of life forms become extinct
Cladoselache
Flowering Plants means nectar for insects
The insect population increased in the Tertiary Period. Bees and other insects that lived
on pollen and nectar of the flowering plants prospered.
The Tertiary Period ends with an Ice Age and Land Bridges
The cooling climate of the Tertiary Period led to huge glaciers at the poles. The mountains of the world were
also covered by glaciers, including the newly formed Himalayas and Alps. The huge amounts of water
locked up in the ice lowered the level of the sea and land bridges appeared:
This enabled migrations of both plants and animals across these land bridges.
Continents Arrive at Present Positions
The Quaternary Period began with an ice age about
1.8 million years ago. It is often called the Age of Animals Adapt To The Cold
Humans. It continues up to the present time and is the
period that we live in.
The wooly mammoth, mastodon, wooly
rhinoceros, reindeer, and musk ox all
developed thick fur to help them survive
the frigid temperatures.