TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION.4
1.1 MOTIVATION.

1.2 BASIC CONCEPTS.

1.3 OBJECTIVES...

REVIEW OF LITERATURE.9

2.1 OVERVIEW OF WATERMARKING...10

2.2 MODULES AND DESCRIPTION.....11

2.3 REALIZATION...12

2.4 DATABASE DESIGN.....13

2.4.1 Database Design.....14

2.4.2 System Architecture.......15

2.4.3 System Features.16

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.16
S
3.1 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS..17

3.2 OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY USED..18

3.3 METHODOLOGIES...19

3.4 PROJECT ANALYSIS....20

3.4.1 Gantt Chart.....21

3.4.2 Project Life Cycle.......22

3.4.3 Feasibility Report.......23

3.5 PROJECT CODING.....24

ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS......25

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE....26

REFERENCES.27

List of figures
2
List of Tables

Table 1 Frequency Bands used for satellite communication ...................................................11

Table 2 Specific attenuation parameters for frequency range .................................................26

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. OBJECTIVE

1. It improves the robustness and imperceptibility

2. The scheme is free from false positive error.
3. Authentic access is possible
1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Problem with current scenario

Many researchers implemented the SVD based watermarking in different domains like DCT,
DFT, and DWT etc. Domain change help in imperceptibility and robustness but it did not
help in false positive issue. So many solutions of this false positive problem are given by
different researchers. These suggestions include use of secret signature information generated
by hash function, insertion of complete watermark, encryption of watermark before insertion,
insertion of principal components of watermark etc. The use of signature method did not able
to provide a complete security to the scheme as the signature was itself vulnerable to different
attacks. The insertion of complete watermark provided complete security but the drawback
was a poor capacity.
1.3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Dual watermarking scheme based on DWT and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) along
with the chaos based encryption technique is proposed. After decomposing the cover image
into four bands (LL, HL, LH, and HH), we apply the SVD to each band, and modify the
singular values of the cover image with the singular values of the watermarked primary
watermark. When the primary watermark image is in question, the invisible secondary
watermark can provide rightful ownership. Modification in all frequencies allows the
development of a watermarking scheme that is robust to a wide range of attacks. SVD
transform is performed on all the images and sum up the singular values to find the new
singular values. Both the watermarks are embedded in the same manner and the watermarked
primary watermark is encrypted using chaos encryption.

This section describes the previous works which had been done on digital
watermarking:

Proposed an algorithm is based on Dual Intermediate Significant Bit (DISB) model.

In this algorithm 2 keys (k1 and k2 such that k2>k1) are used in the process of
embedding. The extracting process has been done after applying some types of
attacks. This method concentrates on the greatest quality of the watermarked image.

Proposed a method based on multiple watermarks in which two different watermarks

are embedded at the same time in the intermediate significant bits of the host image
pixels.
7
 Proposed a novel copyright protection scheme for digital images of any size based on
visual cryptography and statistics. This is done by sampling distribution of means and
visual cryptography to achieve the requirements of robustness and security. This
method can register multiple secret images, without altering the host image and can
identify the rightful ownership without resorting to the original image.

Proposed Comparative study of single watermarking to multiple watermarking over a

color image. This study shows that multiple watermarks provide extra protection by
embedding more than one watermark on the image.
8
 Proposed watermarking based on the least significant bits (LSBs) of medical image,
in which a set of data is embedded into a medical image. This method is used to check
the integrity and confidentiality of medical information and to maintain
confidentiality for patient and hospital data.

Fig. The Process of Hiding Dual Watermark

Fig. The Process of Extraction of Dual Watermark
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Overview of Watermarking

Digital Watermarking is used for copyright protection and authentication. In the proposed
system, a Dual Watermarking Scheme based on DWT-SVD with chaos encryption algorithm,
will be developed to improve the robustness and protection along with security. DWT and
SVD have been used as a mathematical tool to embed watermark in the image. Two
watermarks are embedded in the host image. The secondary is embedded into primary
watermark and the resultant watermarked image is encrypted using chaos based logistic map.
This provides an efficient and secure way for image encryption and transmission. The
watermarked image is decrypted and a reliable watermark extraction scheme is developed for
the extraction of the primary as well as secondary watermark from the distorted image

The process of embedding information into another object/signal can be termed as

watermarking. Watermarking is mainly used for copy protection and copyright-protection.
Historically, watermarking has been used to send ``sensitive'' information hidden in another
signal. Watermarking has its applications in image/video copyright protection. The
characteristics of a watermarking algorithm are normally tied to the application it was
designed for.

The following explain the requirements of watermarking:

i. Imperceptibility - A watermark is called perceptible if its presence in the marked

signal is noticeable, but non-intrusive. A watermark is called imperceptible if the
cover signal and marked signal are indistinguishable with respect to an appropriate
perceptual metric.
ii. Robustness - The watermark should be able to survive any reasonable processing
inflicted on the carrier. A watermark is called fragile if it fails to be detected after the
slightest modification. Fragile watermarks are commonly used for tamper detection
(integrity proof).
iii. Security - The watermarked image should not reveal any clues of the presence of the
watermark, with respect to un-authorized detection, or un-detectability or
unsuspicious. A visible watermark howsoever robust it maybe can always be
tampered using various software. To detect such kind of tampering (in worst case to
 protect the image when the visible watermark is fully removed) an invisible
watermark can be used as a backup.

The dual watermark is a combination of a visible watermark and an invisible watermark. The
visible watermark is first inserted in the original image and then an invisible watermark is
added to the already visible-watermarked image. The final watermarked image is the dual
watermarked image.
The first applications were related to copyright protection of digital media. In the past
duplicating artwork was quite complicated and required a high level of expertise for the
counterfeit to look like the original. However, in the digital world this is not true. Now it is
possible for almost anyone to duplicate or manipulate digital data and not lose data quality.
Similar to the process when artists creatively signed their paintings with a brush to claim
copyrights, artists of today can watermark their work by hiding their name within the image.
Hence, the embedded watermark permits identification of the owner of the work. With the
growing threat of piracy in the Internet and copyright infringement cases, watermarks are
sure to serve an important role in the future of intellectual property rights.
 3.2 . Modules And Description

In the proposed system, there are four modules, they are as follows:

1. Embedding secondary watermark into primary:

In two-dimensional DWT, each level of decomposition produces four bands of data
denoted by LL, HL, LH, and HH. The LL sub band can further be decomposed to
obtain another level of decomposition. This process is continued until the desired
number of levels determined by the application is reached. In DWT-SVD based
watermarking, the singular values of the detail and approximate coefficients are
extracted. The extracted singular values are modified to embed the watermark data.
2. Encryption of watermarked primary image and embedding in the host image:
Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics which studies the behavior of certain
dynamical systems that may be highly sensitive to initial conditions. This sensitivity
is popularly referred to as the butterfly effect. As a result of this sensitivity, which
manifests itself as an exponential growth of error, the behavior of chaotic systems
appears to be random. That is, tiny differences in the starting state of the system can
lead to enormous differences in the final state of the system even over fairly small
timescales. This gives the impression that the system is behaving randomly. Chaos-
based image encryption techniques are very useful for protecting the contents of
digital images and videos. They use traditional block cipher principles known as
chaos confusion, pixel diffusion and number of rounds.
The complex structure of the traditional block ciphers makes them unsuitable for real-time
encryption of digital images and videos. Real-time applications require fast algorithms with
acceptable security strengths. The chaotic maps have many fundamental properties such as
ergodicity, mixing property and sensitivity to initial condition/system parameter and which
can be considered analogous to some cryptographic properties of ideal ciphers such as
confusion, diffusion, balance property. A chaos-based image encryption system based on
logistic map, in the framework of stream cipher architecture, is proposed. This provides an
efficient and secure way for image encryption and transmission.

3. Attacks:
To investigate the robustness of the algorithm, the watermarked image is attacked by
Average and Mean Filtering, JPEG and JPEG2000 compression, Gaussian noise
addition, Resize, Rotation and Cropping. After these attacks on the watermarked
image, we compare the extracted watermarks with the original one. The watermarked
image quality is measured using PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).

4. Extraction of primary and secondary watermark from the host image:

 Decryption is the reverse iteration of encryption. After decryption of the watermarked
primary image, the extraction process takes place. Extracting Primary Watermark, the
extraction technique for primary watermark is given as follows:

a. Perform 1-level wavelet transform on the host and the watermarked image.
Denote each sub-band with WK and WK for host and watermarked image
respectively where K _ {LL, LH, HL, HH} represents the orientation.
b. The detail and approximation sub-images of the host as well as watermarked
image is segmented into non overlapping rectangles.
c. Perform SVD transform on all non-overlapping rectangles of both images.
2.3. Realization

As a full realization of this concept is beyond the time and budgetary constraints of this
project, we plan instead to prove the concept by designing a demonstration project that will
operate as a scaled down version of the above system. The aim of this project then, is to prove
the concept of Dual Watermarking by developing an algorithm to encrypt the image using
DWT.

The proposed algorithm is demonstrated using MATLAB. We have taken 8-bit gray scale tree
image as host image of size 256 x 256 and for primary and

secondary watermark, we have used 8-bit gray scale image and boy image of sizes 128 128
and 64 64 respectively. The secondary watermark is

embedded into primary and the watermarked primary is encrypted. For encryption, chaos
encryption technique is used. For embedding the encrypted

watermarked primary into the host image, we have used 2-level of decomposition using
Daubechies filter bank. For extracting both the watermarks, decryption is done using the
chaos technique. The decrypted image is then used to extract the primary watermark and this
is used for extracting the secondary watermark. In figures 2 and 3 all original, watermarked
images and extracted watermarks are shown. To investigate the robustness of the algorithm,
the watermarked image is attacked by Average and Median Filtering, Gaussian noise
addition, Resize and Rotation. After these attacks on the watermarked image, we compare the
extracted watermarks with the original one.
12
2.4. Database Design

2.4.1 Database Design

Image classification or categorization has often been treated as a preprocessing step for
speeding-up image retrieval in large databases and improving accuracy, or for performing
automatic image annotation.
Image categorization is often followed by a step of similarity measurement, restricted to
those images in a large database that belong to the same visual class as predicted for the
query.
Database is constructed when the image each pixel value need to be stored. It creates a
dataset to store the image information such as color value.

Database Design

Each entry in the database is designed to correspond to a single command utterance. The
entries in the database were designed to be a feature matrix containing features extracted
from the pre-recorded samples. There was one entry for all the pre-recorded commands.

Database construction

The entries in the database correspond to image values. The entries are in form of feature
matrices extracted from the image file inputted by the user. The formation of the feature
matrices is summarized in Feature Extraction.
13
2.4.2. System Architecture

Fig. The Process of Hiding of Dual Watermark

Fig. The Process of Extraction of Dual Watermark
2.4.3. System Features

1) Load Balancing:

Since the system will be available only the admin logs in the amount of load on server will be
limited to time period of admin access.

2) Easy Accessibility:

Records can be easily accessed and store and other information respectively.

3) User Friendly:

The system will be giving a very user friendly approach for all user.

4) Efficient and reliable:

Maintaining the all secured and database on the server which will be accessible according the
user requirement without any maintenance cost will be a very efficient as compared to storing
all the customer data on the spreadsheet or in physically in the record books.

5) Easy maintenance:

Dual Watermarking project is design as easy way. So maintenance is also easy.

CHAPTER 3

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
28
3.1. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

The Project is loaded in MATLAB. We used MATLAB R2013a for Design and coding of
project.

Project Implementation Tools

Hardware Requirement:

i3 Processor Based Computer or higher

Memory: 1 GB RAM

Hard Drive: 50 GB

Monitor

Software Requirement:

MATLAB Version R2013a

Operating system: Windows 7 and above
29
3.2. OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY USED

Introduction

The tutorials are independent of the rest of the document. The primarily objective is to help
you learn quickly the first steps. The emphasis here is learning by doing. Therefore, the
best way to learn is by trying it yourself. Working through the examples will give you a feel
for the way that MATLAB operates. In this introduction we will describe how MATLAB
handles simple numerical expressions and mathematical formulas. The name MATLAB
stands for MATrix LABoratory. MATLAB was written originally to provide easy access
to matrix software developed by the LINPACK (linear system package) and EISPACK
(Eigen system package) projects. MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical
computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming environment.
Furthermore, MATLAB is a modern programming language environment: it has
sophisticated data structures, contains built-in editing and debugging tools, and supports
object-oriented programming. These factors make MATLAB an excellent tool for teaching
and research. MATLAB has many advantages compared to conventional computer
languages (e.g., C, FORTRAN) for solving technical problems. MATLAB is an interactive
system whose basic data element is an array that does not require dimensioning. The
software package has been commercially available since 1984 and is now considered as a
standard tool at most universities and industries worldwide. It has powerful built-in routines
that enable a very wide variety of computations. It also has easy to use graphics commands
that make the visualization of results immediately available. Specific applications are
collected in packages referred to as toolbox. There are toolboxes for signal processing,
symbolic computation, control theory, simulation, optimization, and several other fields of
applied science and engineering.
Basic features

As we mentioned earlier, the following tutorial lessons are designed to get you started
quickly in MATLAB. The lessons are intended to make you familiar with the basics of
MATLAB. We urge you to complete the exercises given at the end of each lesson.
A minimum MATLAB session

The goal of this minimum session (also called starting and exiting sessions) is to learn the
first steps:
How to log on
Invoke MATLAB
Do a few simple calculations
How to quit MATLAB

Starting MATLAB

After logging into your account, you can enter MATLAB by double-clicking on the
MATLAB shortcut icon (MATLAB Version x) on your Windows desktop. When you start
MATLAB, a special window called the MATLAB desktop appears. The desktop is a
window that contains other windows. The major tools within or accessible from the desktop
are:
The Command Window
The Command History
The Workspace
The Current Directory
The Help Browser
The Start button
 FIG: The graphical interface to the MATLAB workspace

When MATLAB is started for the first time, the screen looks like the one that shown
in the above Figure. This illustration also shows the default configuration of the MATLAB
desktop. You can customize the arrangement of tools and documents to suit your needs.
Now, we are interested in doing some simple calculations. We will assume that you have
sufficient understanding of your computer under which MATLAB is being run. You are now
faced with the MATLAB desktop on your computer, which contains the prompt (>>) in the
Command Window. Usually, there are 2 types of prompt:

>> for full version

EDU> for educational version

Note: To simplify the notation, we will use this prompt, >>, as a standard prompt sign,
though our MATLAB version is for educational purpose.
Using MATLAB as a calculator

As an example of a simple interactive calculation, just type the expression you want to
evaluate. Lets start at the very beginning. For example, lets suppose you want to calculate
the expression, 1 + 2 3. You type it at the prompt command (>>) as follows,
>> 1+2*3
Ans = 7
You will have noticed that if you do not specify an output variable, MATLAB uses a default
variable ans, short for answer, to store the results of the current calculation. Note that the
variable ans is created (or overwritten, if it is already existed). To avoid this, you may assign
a value to a variable or output argument name. For example,
>> x = 1+2*3
x=7
will result in x being given the value 1 + 2 3 = 7. This variable name can always be used to
refer to the results of the previous computations. Therefore, computing 4x will result in
>> 4*x
Ans = 28.0000
Before we conclude this minimum session, Table gives the partial list of arithmetic
operators.

Quitting MATLAB
To end your MATLAB session,type quit in the Command Window, or select File Exit
MATLAB in the desktop main menu.
Getting started
After learning the minimum MATLAB session, we will now learn to use some additional
operations.

Creating MATLAB variables

MATLAB variables are created with an assignment statement. The syntax of variable
assignment is variable name = a value (or an expression)
For example,
>> x = expression
where expression is a combination of numerical values, mathematical operators, variables,
and function calls. On other words, expression can involve:
Manual entry
Built-in functions
User-defined functions

Overwriting variable
Once a variable has been created, it can be reassigned. In addition, if you do not wish to see
the intermediate results, you can suppress the numerical output by putting a semicolon (;) at
the end of the line. Then the sequence of commands looks like this:

>> t = 5;

>> t = t+1

t=6

Error messages
If we enter an expression incorrectly, MATLAB will return an error message. For example,
in the following, we left out the multiplication sign, *, in the following expression
>> x = 10;

>> 5x

??? 5x

Error: Unexpected MATLAB expression.

Making corrections
To make corrections, we can, of course retype the expressions. But if the expression is
lengthy, we make more mistakes by typing a second time. A previously typed command can
be recalled with the up-arrow key ". When the command is displayed at the command
prompt, it can be modified if needed and executed.

Controlling the hierarchy of operations or precedence

Let's consider the previous arithmetic operation, but now we will include parentheses. For
example, 1 + 2 3 will become (1 + 2) 3>> (1+2) *3Ans = 9 and, from previous
example>> 1+2*3Ans = 7

By adding parentheses, these two expressions give different results: 9 and 7. The order in
which MATLAB performs arithmetic operations is exactly that taught in high school algebra
courses. Exponentiations are done first, followed by multiplications and divisions, and finally
by additions and subtractions. However, the standard order of precedence of arithmetic
operations can be changed by inserting parentheses. For example, the result of 1+23 is quite
different than the similar expression with parentheses (1+2) 3.

The results are 7 and 9 respectively. Parentheses can always be used to overrule priority, and
their use is recommended in some complex expressions to avoid ambiguity. Therefore, to
make the evaluation of expressions unambiguous, MATLAB has established a series of rules.
The order in which the arithmetic operations are evaluated is given in Table 1.2. MATLAB
arithmetic operators obey the same precedence rules as those in most computer programs. For
operators of equal precedence, evaluation is from left to right.

Table 1.2: Hierarchy of arithmetic operations

Precedence Mathematical operations

First The contents of all parentheses are evaluated first,

from the innermost parentheses and working
outward.
Second All exponentials are evaluated, working from left to right.
Third All multiplications and divisions are evaluated, working from left to right.
Fourth All additions and subtractions are evaluated, starting
from left to right.

Controlling the appearance of floating point number

MATLAB by default displays only 4 decimals in the result of the calculations, for example:
163:6667, as shown in above examples. However, MATLAB does numerical calculations in
double precision, which is 15 digits. The command format controls how the results of
computations are displayed. Here are some examples of the different formats together with
the resulting outputs.

>> format short

>> x=-163.6667

If we want to see all 15 digits, we use the command format long

>> format long

>> x= -1.636666666666667e+002

To return to the standard format, enter format short, or simply format.

There are several other formats. For more details, see the MATLAB documentation, or type
help format.

Note - Up to now, we have let MATLAB repeat everything that we enter at the
prompt (>>). Sometimes this is not quite useful, in particular when the output is pages
length. To prevent MATLAB from echoing what we type, simply enter a semicolon (;) at the
end of the command. For example,

>> x=-163.6667;

and then ask about the value of x by typing,

>> x

x = -163.6667

Managing the workspace

The contents of the workspace persist between the executions of separate commands.
Therefore, it is possible for the results of one problem to have an effect on the next one. To
avoid this possibility, it is a good idea to issue a clear command at the start of each new
independent calculation.

>> clear

The command clear or clear all removes all variables from the workspace. This frees up
system memory. In order to display a list of the variables currently in the memory, type

>> who

while, whos will give more details which include size, space allocation, and class of the
variables.

Keeping track of your work session

It is possible to keep track of everything done during a MATLAB session with the diary
command.

>> diary

or give a name to a created file,

>> diary FileName

where FileName could be any arbitrary name you choose.

The function diary is useful if you want to save a complete MATLAB session. They save all
input and output as they appear in the MATLAB window. When you want to stop the
recording, enter diary off. If you want to start recording again, enter diary on.

The file that is created is a simple text file. It can be opened by an editor or a word processing
program and edited to remove extraneous material, or to add your comments. You can use the
function type to view the diary file or you can edit in a text editor or print. This command is
useful, for example in the process of preparing a homework or lab submission.

Entering multiple statements per line

It is possible to enter multiple statements per line. Use commas (,) or semicolons (;) to enter
more than one statement at once. Commas (,) allow multiple statements per line without
suppressing output.

>> a=7; b=cos(a), c=cosh(a)

b = 0.6570

c = 548.3170

Miscellaneous commands

Here are few additional useful commands:

To clear the Command Window, type clc

To abort a MATLAB computation, type ctrl-c
To continue a line, type . . .
Getting help

To view the online documentation, select MATLAB Help from Help menu or MATLAB
Help directly in the Command Window. The preferred method is to use the Help Browser.
The Help Browser can be started by selecting the ? icon from the desktop toolbar. On the
other hand, information about any command is available by typing

>> help Command

Another way to get help is to use the look for command. The lookfor command differs
from the help command. The help commands search for an exact function name match, while
the look for command searches the quick summary information in each function for a match.
For example, suppose that we were looking for a function to take the inverse of a matrix.
Since MATLAB does not have a function named inverse, the command help inverse will
produce nothing. On the other hand, the command look for inverse will produce detailed
information, which includes the function of interest, inv.

>> lookfor inverse

Note - At this particular time of our study, it is important to emphasize one main point.
Because MATLAB is a huge program; it is impossible to cover all the details of each function
one by one. However, we will give you information how to get help. Here are some
examples:

Use on-line help to request info on a specific function

>> help sqrt
In the current version (MATLAB version 7), the doc function opens the on-line
version of the help manual. This is very helpful for more complex commands.
>> doc plot
Use lookfor to find functions by keywords. The general form is
>> lookfor FunctionName
3.3. METHODOLOGIES

This method provides high security for watermarks because of the encryption of watermark.
It also increases the embedding capacity of a watermark because of the use a dual watermark.

In this project, we adopted the spatial domain by using the least significant bit to hide
information in digital images.

Watermark Embedding Algorithm

The algorithm for hiding the dual watermark is as follows:

Input:

Watermark 1 A binary image (the first watermark).

Watermark 2 A grayscale image (the second watermark).

Cover Image Color image to be watermarked.

K1 key1: Used for encrypting Watermark1.

K2 key2: Used for signature.

Output:

Watermarked2 Final watermarked image.

3.4. PROJECT ANALYSIS

3.4.1 Gantt Chart

3.4.2 Project Life Cycle

Waterfall Model
Feasibility Report

Feasibility Study is a high level capsule version of the entire process

intended to answer a number of questions like: What is the problem? Is there any
feasible solution to the given problem? Is the problem even worth solving?
Feasibility study is conducted once the problem clearly understood. Feasibility
study is necessary to determine that the proposed system is Feasible by
considering the technical, Operational, and Economical factors. By having a
detailed feasibility study the management will have a clear-cut view of the
proposed system.

The following feasibilities are considered for the project in order to ensure that the project is variable
and it does not have any major obstructions. Feasibility study encompasses the following things:

Technical Feasibility
Economic Feasibility
Operational Feasibility

In this phase, we study the feasibility of all proposed systems, and pick the
best feasible solution for the problem. The feasibility is studied based on three
main factors as follows.
 Technical Feasibility

In this step, we verify whether the proposed systems are technically

feasible or not. i.e., all the technologies required to develop the system are
available readily or not.

Technical Feasibility determines whether the organization has the

technology and skills necessary to carry out the project and how this should
be obtained. The system can be feasible because of the following grounds:

All necessary technology exists to develop the system.

This system is too flexible and it can be expanded further.
This system can give guarantees of accuracy, ease of use, reliability and
the data security.
This system can give instant response to inquire.
 Our project is technically feasible because, all the technology
needed for our project is readily available.

Operating System : Windows 7 or higher

Languages : MATLAB

Documentation Tool : MS - Word 2013

Economic Feasibility

Economically, this project is completely feasible because it requires

no extra financial investment and with respect to time, its completely
possible to complete this project in 6 months.
 In this step, we verify which proposal is more economical. We
compare the financial benefits of the new system with the investment. The
new system is economically feasible only when the financial benefits are
more than the investments and expenditure. Economic Feasibility
determines whether the project goal can be within the resource limits
allocated to it or not. It must determine whether it is worthwhile to process
with the entire project or whether the benefits obtained from the new
system are not worth the costs. Financial benefits must be equal or exceed
the costs. In this issue, we should consider:

The cost to conduct a full system investigation.

The cost of h/w and s/w for the class of application being considered.
The development tool.
The cost of maintenance etc...

Our project is economically feasible because the cost of development is

very minimal when compared to financial benefits of the application.
 Operational Feasibility

In this step, we verify different operational factors of the proposed systems

like man-power, time etc., whichever solution uses less operational resources, is
the best operationally feasible solution. The solution should also be operationally
possible to implement. Operational Feasibility determines if the proposed system
satisfied user objectives could be fitted into the current system operation.

The methods of processing and presentation are completely accepted by

the clients since they can meet all user requirements.
The clients have been involved in the planning and development of the
system.
The proposed system will not cause any problem under any
circumstances.
Our project is operationally feasible because the time requirements and
personnel requirements are satisfied. We are a team of four members and we
worked on this project for three working months.
Coding
Advantages of Project

This system provides high security for watermarks because of the

encryption of watermark.
It also increases the embedding capacity of a watermark because of the
use a dual watermark.
Embedded the secret key into the second watermark for more safety.

Disadvantages:

System works only with image files.

Applications:

This application can be used when user wants to send a secret message
using an image file
Future Scope

The scope of this project is in copyright protection systems, which are

intended to prevent unauthorized copying of digital media. In this use, a copy
device retrieves the watermark from the signal before making a copy; the device
makes a decision whether to copy or not, depending on the contents of the
watermark. Another scope is in source tracing.
Conclusion

This project developed with a novel dual watermarking scheme, which

includes encryption, to improve rightful ownership, protection and robustness. An
image encryption algorithm based on logistic map is proposed. A well-designed
chaos based stream cipher can be a good candidate and may even outperform
the block cipher, on speed and security. In this, the key stream generator is based
on coupled chaotic logistic maps that one logistic chaotic system generates the
random changing parameter to control the parameter of the other. The
watermarked primary image is encrypted using the chaos based encryption
technique. Later it is embedded in the cover image and transmitted. The chaotic
encryption scheme supplies us with a wide key space, high key sensitivity, and the
cipher can resist brute force attack and statistical analysis. It is safe and can meet
the need of image encryption. For the extraction of watermark, a reliable
watermark decryption scheme and an extraction scheme is constructed for both
primary and secondary watermark. Robustness of this method is carried out by
variety of attacks.
 REFERENCES

Websites

en.wikipedia.org
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4664404/
https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.2414
https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=dual+watermarking+scheme+with+
encryption&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja
_I-R6Z3RAhUKKo8KHYiBDEUQgQMIGDAA

BOOKS

Dhananjay Theckedath
Gonsalves