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hu

INDIRECT / REPORTED SPEECH

(FGG BESZD)

A fgg beszd egy valaki rszrl elhangzott kijelents, krds, felszlts, haj, kvnsg vagy tancsads
kzvettse trgyi mellkmondat formjban. Ha a fmondat (az idzetet bevezet mondat) lltmnya
jelen idben, jv idben, vagy Present Perfect-ben van, a mellkmondat (ami maga az idzet) vltozatlan
marad. Ha a fmondat lltmnya mlt idben van, a mellkmondatban az albbiak szerinti
vltoztatsokra van szksg.

he is he was
he was he had been
he will be he would be
he works he worked
he is working he was working
he has worked he had worked
he has been working he had been working
he worked he had worked
he was working he had been working
he had worked ugyanaz
he had been working ugyanaz
he will work he would work
he will be working he would be working
he will have worked he would have worked
he will have been
he would have been working
working

will would last night the previous night/ the night before
shall should next week the following week
may might today that day
can could yesterday the previous day/ the day before
have to had to the day before two days before
yesterday
must must/ have to megfelel alakja tomorrow the next day/ the following day
the day after tomorrow in two days time
a year ago a year before/ the previous year

here there
this that could, would, should, might, ought to nincs vltozs
these those
now then

Csoportostsuk:
I. Kijelent mondatok
II. Krd mondatok
III. Felszlt mondatok, haj, kvnsg, tancsads
IV. Klnleges esetek
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I. Kijelent mondatok

A kijelent mondatok jellegzetessge, hogy a fmondat s a mellkmondat kztt that ktsz ll, amely
akr el is hagyhat, ha a kt tagmondat kztti kapcsolat trgyi alrendels. A fmondat s a
mellkmondat kz a magyar helyesrsi szablyoktl eltren- nem tesznk vesszt.
He told me,I have been waiting for you for a long time.
He told me (that) he had been waiting me for a long time.
A mellkmondat bevezetse tbbnyire a kvetkez igkkel trtnik:
say, tell sy(!), inform, announce, explain, prove, complain, mention, hear, read, write, let sy know, object,
protest, shout, whisper
A kijelent mondatok kpzsekor a fenti lptetsi szablyokat kell alkalmazni. Vannak azonban
kivtelek s klnleges esetek, amikor nem szksges vltoztats.

Nincs igeidvltozs az albbi esetekben

Feltteles mondatok: az 1. tpusban a mellkmondat a lptetsi szablyok szerint alakul, mg a 2. s 3.

tpusban vltozatlan marad.
1. tpus: She said,I will be here in time if I catch the bus.
She said (that ) she would be there in time if she caught the bus.
2. tpus: If I had the necessary documents, I could get the job, he said.
He said (that) if he had the necessary documents, he could get the job.
3. tpus: She said to him,I wouldnt have left you if you hadnt cheated me.
She said to him (that) she wouldnt have left him if he hadnt cheated her.

A Simple Past vltozatlan maradhat, ha a cselekvs idpontja konkrtan meg van hatrozva
We returned home on Sunday, they said.
They said (that) they returned/ had returned home on Sunday.

A Past Continuous vltozatlan maradhat abban az esetben, ha az a cselekvs folyamatossgra utal, nem
pedig annak befejezettsgre
When I met her she was preparing for her exams, he said.
He said (that) when he met her she was preparing for her exams.
De: She said,I was planning to sell my flat, but finally I have changed my mind.
She said (that) she had been planning to sell her flat but finally she had changed her mind.

wish/ if only; would rather; had better; it is (high) time we ...hasznlatakor nincs vltozs
I wish/ if only we didnt write a test, my son said.
My son said (that) he wished they didnt write a test.
I would rather you bought this golden necklace, said my wife.
My wife said (that) she would rather I bought that golden necklace.
You had better stay in bed for a few days, said the doctor.
The doctor said that I had better stay in bed for a few days.
It is (high) time we went home, our guests said.
Our guests said (that) it was (high) time they went home.

Termszeti trvnyek, rk igazsgok emltsekor

Galileo proved that the Earth goes round the Sun.
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II. Krd mondatok

Krd mondatokban is a kijelent mondatoknl alkalmazott vltoztatsokra van szksg, viszont lnyeges
klnbsg, hogy itt nem hasznlhatjuk a that-at ktszknt. A krd szrend egyenes szrendd vltozik,
s nem krdjel, hanem pont van a mondat vgn. A kt tagmondat kz itt sem tesznk vesszt. Az
egyenes krdst bevezet say igt ask, inquire, wonder, want to know etc. rdekldst kifejez igv kell
vltoztatni.
He said,Is there a library in your town? He inquired if there was a library in our town.

Kt fajtjt klnbztetjk meg:

a, Krdszval bevezetett (kiegsztend) krdsek
Az talakts sorn a krdsz lesz a fgg mondat ktszava.
Where do you live? she asked. She asked me where I lived.

Csak ask vezetheti be a fgg krdst, ha megnevezzk a szemlyt, akihez a krdst intzzk
The doctor asked me,What are you complaining about?
The doctor asked me what I was complaining about.

b, Krdsz nlkli (eldntend) krdsek

Ktszknt if vagy whether (vajon) hasznlatos.
She asked, Can you cook? She asked me if / whether I could swim.
He inquired,Do you speak English? He inquired if / whether I spoke English.

Megjegyzs: whether szerepel ktszknt, ha a krds kt vlasztsi lehetsget tartalmaz

He asked,Do you want to make a call or not? He asked whether I wanted to make a call or not.
He asked,Do you want to travel by air or rail? He asked whether I wanted to travel by air or by rail.

whether + infinitive akkor alkalmazhat, ha wonder, want to know vezeti be a fgg krdst (az inquire
ritkn hasznlatos)
He wondered,Shall/ Should I try to repair it or have a mechanic in?
He wondered whether to try to repair it or have a mechanic in.
He wondered whether he should try to repair it or have a mechanic in.
feltteles mdban whether-t hasznlunk, mert msklnben kt if-nek kellene a mondatban szerepelnie
He asked,If you sell your old car, will you buy a new one?
He asked whether, if I sold my old car, I would buy a new one.
shall I / we?
a, jvbeli esemnyre vonatkoz tallgats esetn tbbnyire wonder-t hasznlunk bevezetsknt
He wondered,Shall I ever meet her again?
He wondered if he would ever meet her again.
b, ask, inquire etc. bevezet igt s should vagy be + infinitive szerkezetet alkalmazunk, ha
tancsot krnk vagy utastsra vrunk
He said,Where shall I put this chair, grandma?
He asked his grandma where he was to put that chair.
He asked his grandma where he should put that chair.
c, knls, segtsg felajnlsa
She said,Shall I make you some coffee?
She offered me to make some coffee.
d, javaslat
He said,Shall we meet outside the cinema?
He suggested meeting outside the cinema.
will you / would you / could you?
a, szokvnyos krdsekben
He said,Will you be there at the reunion?
He asked if I would be there at the reunion.
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b, krs, kvnsg kifejezsre

He said,Would/ Could you sew my jacket, please?
He asked/ told me to sew his jacket.
c, meghvs
He said,Would you like to come to my barbecue party next Saturday?
He asked if I would like to go to his barbecue party the following Saturday.
d, alkalmanknt parancs, utasts kifejezsre
The teacher said,Will you stop prompting!
The teacher told/ ordered us to stop prompting.
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III. Felszlt mondatok, haj, kvnsg, tancsads

Az ilyen tpus mondatok bevezetseknt a kvetkez igk alkalmazhatk: advise, ask, beg, command,
encourage, entreat, forbid, implore, invite, order, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn etc.

My mum said, Go to sleep! My mum told me to go to sleep.

Dont leave your room untidy, she warned me. She warned me not to leave my room untidy.
You had better call for a doctor! I told her. I advised her to call for a doctor.
The manager said to us,Sit down!. The manager ordered us to sit down.

- az ask s beg igket kvetheti szenved szerkezet

Dont leave me alone, she asked.
She asked/ begged not to leave her alone.
She asked/ begged not to be left alone.
- will you...?
Will you listen to me?said our teacher. Our teacher ordered/ told us to listen to him.
- say / tell + alany + be + infinitive
a, ha az utastst mlt idej ige vezeti be
He said,Dont lock the door.
He told me not to lock the door.
He said that I wasnt to lock the door.
b, ha az utastst jelen idej ige vezeti be
He says,Meet me at the airport.
He says that we are to meet him at the airport.
c, ha az utastst idhatrozi vagy feltteles mellkmondat elzi meg
He said,If she appears, keep an eye on her.
He said that if she appeared, I was to keep an eye on her.
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IV. Klnleges esetek

Felkiltsok
- What (a).../ How...! kezdet mondatokat exclaim that/ say that igkkel vezetjk be
She said,What a good idea! She exclaimed that it was a good idea.
She said,How horrible! She exclaimed that it was horrible.
- Good! Marvellous! Splendid! Heavens! Oh! Ugh! felkiltsokat bevezethetjk give an exclamation of
delight/ disgust/ horror/ relief/ surprise kifejezsekkel
Splendid!he exclaimed. He gave an exclamation of pleasure/ satisfaction.
- egyb esetek
He said,Thank you! He thanked me.
He said,Good luck! He wished me luck.
He said,Happy Christmas! He wished me a happy Christmas.
He said,Congratulations! He congratulated me.
He said,Liar! He called me a liar.
He said,Damn! He swore.
The notice said: Welcome to England! The notice welcomed visitors to England.

yes / no
He said,Can you drive? and I said No. He asked (me) if I could drive and I said I couldnt.
He said, Will you help me? and I said Yes. He asked (me) if I would help him and I said I would.
lets(not) esetben a bevezets a suggest-tel trtnik
He said,Lets go on a sightseeing tour. He suggested going on a sightseeing tour.
He suggested that we/ they should go on a sightseeing tour.
He said,Lets not move it till the inspector arrives. He suggested not moving it till the inspector arrives
He suggested that we/ they shouldnt move it till the
inspector arrives.

let him / them

- ktelessgre figyelmeztets
Its not my task,said the officer.Let the government take measures about it.
The officer said that it wasnt his task and the government ought to/ should take measures about it.
- utasts
Let the cleaner sweep the floor,said the manager.
The manager said that the cleaner was to sweep the floor.

- javaslat
Let them go to the Hungarian Embassy,he said.
He suggested their/ them going to the Hungarian Embassy.
He said/ suggested that they should go to the Hungarian Embassy.
- megengeds
Let her join us, dad; we will take good care of her, I said.
I asked my dad to let her join us and I assured him to take a good care of her.
must
- kvetkeztets
He said,I meet her every day; she must be my new neighbour.
He said that he met her every day and she must be his new neighbour.
- utasts
He said,These things mustnt be touched.
He said that those things mustnt be touched.
must / have to ktelezettsgek, elre eltervezett dolgok esetn
He said,I must write an essay. He said that he had to write an essay.
He said,I must be at the station in ten minutes. He said that he had to be at the station in ten minutes.
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must?
Why must you leave the party so soon?he said. He asked me why I had to leave the party so soon.
must not
He said to me,You mustnt tell the secret. He said to me that I mustnt tell the secret.
He said to me not to tell the secret.
neednt
He said,You neednt wait for me. He said to me that I neednt wait for him.
need?
Need I go to the negotiation? I asked my boss. I asked my boss if I had to go to the negotiation.
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Ha a fmondat lltmnya jelenben, jvben, vagy Present
Perfect-ben van
Kijelent mondatok
I want to speak to you, he says.
He says that he wants to speak to me.
We have been in the room for an hour, they have told us.
They have told us they have been in the room for an hour
These exercises are too difficult for you, I will tell her.
I will tell her that those exercises are too difficult for her.
You wrote me a long letter last week, he has told me.
He has told me I wrote him a log letter the previous week.
You are hopeless at Maths, our teacher often says to us.
Our teacher often says to us that we are hopeless at Maths.
You have been rather impolite, I will tell him.
I will tell him that he has been rather impolite.
Krd mondatok a, krdszval bevezetett
Where have you lived before? I will ask her.
I will ask her where she has lived before.
What colour is your car? we have inquired.
We have inquired what colour his/ her/ their car is.
How often does she travel abroad? I wonder.
I wonder how often she travels abroad.
Why will you destroy this house? we will ask them.
We will ask them why they will destroy that house.
How old is your brother? she has asked me.
She has asked me how old my brother is.
When they will meet me? she wants to know.
She wants to know when they will meet her.
b, krdsz nlkli
Are you working? I have asked him.
I have asked him if/whether he is working.
Am I clever? my daughter often asks me.
My daughter often asks me if/whether she is clever.
Do you find me reliable? I will ask her.
I will ask her if/whether she finds me reliable.
Have you got any pets? they have asked him.
They have asked him if/whether he has got some pets.
Did they accept your credit card? he wants to know.
He wants to know if/whether they accepted my/our credit card. They inquired if/whether I/we had seen their new car.
Have you been to Spain? I have asked her.
I have asked her if/whether she has been to Spain.
Felszlt mondatok
Join us! they have told him.
They have told him to join them.
Dont lock the door! I will warn my children.
I will warn my children not to lock the door.
Be polite! our teachers say to us quite often.
Our teachers say to us quite often that we should be polite.
Dont forget to post the letter! I will ask Mary.
I will ask Mary not to forget to post the letter.
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Ha a fmondat lltmnya mlt idben van
Kijelent mondatok
Im very strong, he boasted.
He boasted that he was very strong.
We werent at school yesterday, she told me.
She told me they hadnt been at school the day before.
You work very hard for this company, my boss said to me.
My boss said (to me) that I worked very hard for that company.
We are waiting for you, they told us.
They told us that they were waiting for us.
You can swim very well, my sister said to him.
My sister said to him that he could swim very well.
You may go home now, he told her.
He told her that she might go home then.
I visited my aunt last month, said my friend.
My friend said that he had visited his aunt the month before.
We will go to your place tomorrow, they said.
They said they would come to my/ our place the next day.
We have been waiting here for long hours, they told him.
They told him that they had been waiting there for long hours.
I saw these photos of yours two years ago, he said to me.
He said to me he had seen those photos of mine two years before.
Krd mondatok a, krdszval bevezetett
How much do you think it will cost? I asked him.
I asked him how much he thought it would cost.
What time did your son arrive? she asked us.
She asked us what time our son had arrived.
How long have you been cooking this soup? we asked them.
We asked them how long they had been cooking that soup.
How many times did you invite her last year? I wondered.
I wondered how many times he had invited her the previous year.
Who will buy our tickets? they asked me.
They asked me who would buy their tickets.
What makes you laugh? the clown inquired.
The clown inquired what made me/us laugh.
b, krdsz nlkli
Can you give me this book? she asked me.
She asked me if/whether I could give her that book.
Shall I open the window? our guest inquired.
Our guest inquired if/whether he/she should open the window.
May I take your order, please? the waiter asked us.
The waiter asked us if/whether he might take our order.
Do I have to change trains anywhere? I wanted to know.
I wanted to know if/whether I/we had to change trains
somewhere.
Have you seen our new car? they inquired.
Do you think she will be here tomorrow? he asked me.
He asked me if/whether I thought she would be there the next day.
Felszlt mondatok
Go to bed! my grandpa said to me.
My grandpa said to me to go to bed.
Dont touch this switch! I ordered them.
I ordered them not to touch that switch.
Wait for me till I come back! she remind me.
She reminded me to wait for her till she came back.
Dont drive too fast! my wife warned me.
My wife warned me not to drive too fast.