1.

Behavior: A response of an individual or group to an action, environment, person,

or stimulus.
2. Centralization: The concentration of management and decision-making power
at the top of an organization's hierarchy.
3. Client: Customer of a professional service provider, or the principal of an agent
or contractor.
4. Code of ethics: A written set of guidelines issued by an organization to its
workers and management to help them conduct their actions in accordance with
its primary values and ethical standards.
5. Communication: Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which
participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information, news, ideas and
feelings but also create and share meaning. In general, communication is a
means of connecting people or places. In business, it is a key function of
management--an organization cannot operate without communication between
levels, departments and employees.
6. Company: Any entity that engages in business.
7. Competitor: Any person or entity which is a rival against another. In business, a
company in the same industry or a similar industry which offers a similar product
or service.
8. Control: Device or mechanism installed or instituted to guide or regulate the
activities or operation of an apparatus, machine, person, or system.
9. Culture: Broadly, social heritage of a group (organized community or society).
10. Decentralization: Transfer of decision making power and assignment of
accountability and responsibility for results. It is accompanied by delegation of
commensurate authority to individuals or units at all levels of an organization
even those far removed from headquarters or other centers of power.
11. Decision Making: The thought process of selecting a logical choice from the
available options. When trying to make a good decision, a person must weigh the
positives and negatives of each option, and consider all the alternatives.
12. Diversity: Feature of a mixed workforce that provides a wide range of abilities,
experience, knowledge, and strengths due to its heterogeneity in age,
background, ethnicity, physical abilities, political and religious beliefs, sex, and
other attributes.
13. Document: Something tangible that records communication or facts with the
help of marks, words, or symbols.
14. Effectiveness: The degree to which objectives are achieved and the extent to
which targeted problems are solved.
15. Efficiency: The comparison of what is actually produced or performed with what
can be achieved with the same consumption of resources (money, time, labor,
etc.).
16. Entrepreneur: Someone who exercises initiative by organizing a venture to take
benefit of an opportunity and, as the decision maker, decides what, how, and
how much of a good or service will be produced.
17. Environment: The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including
natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development
and growth as well as of danger and damage. See also environmental factors.
18. Feedback: Process in which the effect or output of an action is 'returned' (fed-
back) to modify the next action. Feedback is essential to the working and survival
of all regulatory mechanisms found throughout living and non-living nature, and
in man-made systems such as education system and economy.
19. Flowchart: Pictorial summary (graphical algorithm) of the decisions (such as
production, storage, transportation) and flows (movement of information and
materials) that make up a procedure or process from beginning to end.
20. Form: Defined configuration, constitution, or makeup of an item, including its
geometrical dimensions, color, density, weight, and other visual characteristics
that give it a unique identity and differentiate it from other items.
21. Formalization: The extent to which work roles are structured in an organization,
and the activities of the employees are governed by rules and procedures.
22. Hierarchy: Pyramid-like ranking of ideas, individuals, items, etc., where every
level (except the top and the bottom ones) has one higher and one lower
neighbor. Higher level means greater authority, importance, and influence.
23. Hierarchy of authority: Organization power structure. The amount of authority
increases with each level higher a person or organization is in hierarchy. The
ultimate power remains with the person or organization at the very top of the
hierarchy, with that position holding the authority to make final decisions in all
matters.
24. Job design: Work arrangement (or rearrangement) aimed at reducing or
overcoming job dissatisfaction and employee alienation arising from repetitive
and mechanistic tasks.
25. Leadership: The individuals who are the leaders in an organization, regarded
collectively. The activity of leading a group of people or an organization or the
ability to do this.
26. Management: The organization and coordination of the activities of a business
in order to achieve defined objectives.
27. Mission statement: A written declaration of an organization's core purpose and
focus that normally remains unchanged over time.
28. Moral: Private conduct based on strict adherence to a sanctioned or accepted
code or dogma of what is right or wrong, particularly as proclaimed in a sacred
book, or by a non-secular group or sect.
29. Motivation: Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in
people to be continually interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or to
make an effort to attain a goal.
30. Organization Chart: Visual representation of how a firm intends authority,
responsibility, and information to flow within its formal organizational structure.
31. Organization: A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a
need or to pursue collective goals.
32. Organizational Behavior: Actions and attitudes of individuals and groups
toward one another and toward the organization as a whole, and its effect on the
organization's functioning and performance.
33. Organizational culture: The values and behaviors that contribute to the unique
social and psychological environment of an organization. Includes an
organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it
together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the
outside world, and future expectations
34. Organizational design: The manner in which a management achieves the right
combination of differentiation and integration of the organization's operations, in
response to the level of uncertainty in its external environment.
35. Organizational structure: The values and behaviors that contribute to the
unique social and psychological environment of an organization. Organizational
culture includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and
values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings,
interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It is based on shared
attitudes, beliefs, customs, and written and unwritten rules that have been
developed over time and are considered valid.
36. Performance: The accomplishment of a given task measured against preset
known standards of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed.
37. Personality: Relatively stable, consistent, and distinctive set of mental and
emotional characteristics a person exhibits when alone, or when interacting with
people and his or her external environment.
38. Planning: A basic management function involving formulation of one or more
detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with the
available resources.
39. Power: Ability to cause or prevent an action, make things happen; the discretion
to act or not act. Opposite of disability, it differs from a right in that it has no
accompanying duties.
40. Processes: Sequence of interdependent and linked procedures which, at every
stage, consume one or more resources (employee time, energy, machines,
money) to convert inputs (data, material, parts, etc.) into outputs. These outputs
then serve as inputs for the next stage until a known goal or end result is reached.
41. Product: A good, idea, method, information, object or service created as a result
of a process and serves a need or satisfies a want. It has a combination of
tangible and intangible attributes (benefits, features, functions, uses) that a seller
offers a buyer for purchase.
42. Productivity: A measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system,
etc., in converting inputs into useful outputs.
43. Professionalism: The level of excellence or competence that is expected of a
professional.
44. Provider: A person, organization or business that offers a good or service.
45. Recruitment: The process of finding and hiring the best-qualified candidate
(from within or outside of an organization) for a job opening, in a timely and cost
effective manner.
46. Service: A valuable action, deed, or effort performed to satisfy a need or to fulfill
a demand.
47. Socialization: Process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, language,
social skills, and value to conform to the norms and roles required for integration
into a group or community.
48. Specialization: An agreement within a community, group, or organization under
which the members most suited (by virtue of their natural aptitude, location, skill,
or other qualification) for a specific activity or task assume greater responsibility
for its execution or performance.
49. Strategy: A method or plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such as
achievement of a goal or solution to a problem.
50. Stress: Mental, physical, or social, force or pressure that puts real or perceived
demands on the body, emotions, mind, or spirit, and which (when it exceeds the
stress-handling capacity of the individual) lead to a breakdown.
51. Structure: Construction or framework of identifiable elements (components,
entities, factors, members, parts, steps, etc.) which gives form and stability, and
resists stresses and strains
52. Supplies: General purpose consumable items which commonly have a shorter
life span in use than equipment and machines, and which are stocked for
recurring use.
53. System: An organized, purposeful structure that consists of interrelated and
interdependent elements (components, entities, factors, members, parts etc.).
These elements continually influence one another (directly or indirectly) to
maintain their activity and the existence of the system, in order to achieve the
goal of the system.
54. Transnational company: A commercial enterprise that operates substantial
facilities, does business in more than one country and does not consider any
particular country its national home.
55. Values: Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a
culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable.
56. Vision Statement: An aspirational description of what an organization would like
to achieve or accomplish in the mid-term or long-term future.