MAKMAL STRUKTUR

GROUP 3

1.0 OBJECTIVE

The objective is to verify member forces obtain from experiment with tension
coefficient method.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME

There are many learning outcome that we can get from this laboratory test:

2.1 The application of theoretical engineering knowledge through practical

application.
2.2 To enhance the technical competency in structural engineering through
laboratory application.
2.3 Communicate effectively in group.
2.4 To identify the problem, solving and finding out the appropriate solution
through laboratory application.

3.0 THEORY

If a members of a truss system is situated not in a two dimensional

plane, then the truss is defined as a space frame truss. In other words, space
truss has components in three axis i.e. x, y and z.

Consider a member with node A (xA, yA) and B (xB,yB)

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Assume te force in the member is TAB (+ve tension) and length LAB
Definition of tension coefficient (t), tAB = TAB
LAB

At A, the horizontal component TAB is :

TAB cos = tAB LAB cos = tAB LAB (xB xA)
LAB
= tAB (xB xA)

Use the same method, the vertical component at A is :

= tAB (yB yA)

At B, the horizontal component TAB = tAB (xA xB)

Vertical component TAB = tAB (yA yB)

Using statics, write the equation for each joint using the coordinate value and
solve for it. Convert it into force using:

TAB = tAB LAB = (xB xA)2 + (yB yA)2

A space frame or space structure is a truss-like, lightweight rigid

structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space
frames usually utilize a multidirectional span, and are often used to
accomplish long spans with few supports. They derive their strength from the
inherent rigidity of the triangular frame; flexing loads (bending moments) are
transmitted as tension and compression loads along the length of each strut.
Many architects and engineers throughout the world have expressed their
design freedoms with Space Frame Systems. The simplicity of these systems
provides a natural link between yesterday and today. For this reason,
designers have specified Space Frame Systems for an increasing variety of
renovation and remodeling applications. The modular systems allow fast track
delivery and job site assembly at affordable prices. Space frame systems give
you the architectural beauty you desire within the budget you set.
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Some space frame applications include:

1) Parking canopysH

2) Hotel/Hospital/commercial building entrances

3) Commercial building lobbies/atriums

Some advantages of space frame systems over conventional systems

are:

1) Random column placement

2) Column-free spaces

3) Minimal perimeter support

4) Controlled load distribution

5) Redundant integrity

6) Design freedom

7) Supports all types of roofing

8) Exposing building exterior to view adds color, texture and style

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4.0 APPARATUS

5.0 PROCEDURES
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PART 1:

1. Weight has been selected between 10 to 50 N.

2. The distance a=500mm was ensured and load hanger on D was placed.

3. The distance b, c and d was measured and recorded in Table 1.

4. The dynamometer readings was recorded for members S1, S2 and S3.

5. The selected load was putted on the hanger at D and has been recorded.

6. Step (2) to (4) was repeated with different value of a.

7. The theoretical mambers forces was calculated and has been recorded in
Table 1.

z
y
S2
x
S1
a D

w
S3
c

PART 2:
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1. For part 2, a distance was used of 350mm for a.

2. The hanger on D was placed.

3. The distance b, c and d was measured. The dynamometer readings was

recorded for members S1, S2 and S3 in Table 2.

4. A load of 50 N was putted on the hanger and the dynamometer readings

was recorded.

5. Step 2 to 4 was repeated using different laod.

6. Table 2 was completed by calculating the theoretical mamber value.

7. The graph of forces againts laod was plotted for the theoretical and
experimental value.

6.0 RESULT
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7.0 DISCUSSION
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1. Compare the graph of theoretical and experimental results. Comment

on the results.

2. Gives reasons for any discrepancy in the results.

8.0 APPENDIX
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