CHARACTERSTICS OF GLASS :

IT ABSORBS, REFLECTS OR TRANSMITS LIGHT.

IT HAS NO SHARP MELTING POINT.
IT IS AN EXCELLENT ELECTRICAL INSULATOR AT HIGH
TEMPERATURES DUE TO THE FACT THAT GLASS CAN
BE
CONSIDERED AS AN IONIC LIQUID.
IT IS EXTREMELY BRITTLE.
IT IS NOT USUALLY AFFECTED BY AIR OR WATER.
IT IS NOT EASILY ATTACKED BY ORDINARY CHEMICAL
REAGENTS.
IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN GLASSES WITH DIVERSIFIED
PROPERTIES
AS THE GLASSES MAY BE CLEAR, COLOURLESS,
DIFFUSED AND STAINED
IT IS POSSIBLE TO WELD PIECES OF GLASS BY FUSION.
IT IS TRANSPARENT WHICH IS THE MOST USED
CHARACTERISTIC OF GLASS.
WHEN IT IS HEATED, IT BECOMES SOFT AND ULTIMATELY
TRANSFORMS INTO A MOBILE LIQUID AND THIS
PROPERTY OF
GLASS HAS MADE IT TO BE TRANSFORMED INTO
ARTICLES OF
DESIRED SHAPE.
CLASSIFICATION OF GLASS:
BASED ON THE MATERIAL USED DURING THE
MANUFACTURE OF GLASS,
THE GLASS CAN MAINLY BE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR
CATEGORIES:
SODA LIME GLASS
POTASH LIME GLASS
POTASH LEAD GLASS
COMMON GLASS

SODA LIME GLASS:

IT IS COMMONLY KNOWN AS SODA GLASS OR SOFT
GLASS

PROPERTIES:
IT IS AVAILABLE IN CLEAN AND CLEAR STATE.
IT IS CHEAP.
IT IS EASILY FUSIBLE AT COMPARATIVELY LOW
TEMPERATURES.
IT IS POSSIBLE TO WELD ARTICLES MADE FROM THIS
GLASS
WITH THE HELP OF SIMPLE SOURCES OF HEAT.

USES
IT IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS TUBES AND
OTHER LABORATORY APPARATUS, PLATE GLASS,
WINDOW GLASS, ETC.
POTASH LEAD GLASS:
THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE FLINT GLASS. IT IS MAINLY
A MIXTURE OF POTASSIUM SILICATE AND LEAD SILICATE.

PROPERTIES:
IT FUSES VERY EASILY.
IT IS EASILY ATTACKED BY AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS.
IT POSSESSES BRIGHT LUSTRE AND GREAT REFLECTIVE
POWER.

USES:
IT IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL GEMS,
ELECTRIC
BULBS, LENSES, PRISMS, ETC

COMMON GLASS:
THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE BOTTLE GLASS. IT IS
PREPARED FROM
CHEAP RAW MATERIALS. IT IS MAINLY A MIXTURE OF
SODIUM SILICATE,
CALCIUM SILICATE AND IRON SILICATE.

PROPERTIES
IT FUSES WITH DIFFICULTY.
IT IS BROWN, GREEN OR YELLOW IN COLOUR.
IT IS EASILY ATTACKED BY ACIDS.

USES:
IT IS MAINLY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MEDICINE
BOTTLES.
MANUFACTURE OF GLASS:

Manufacture of glass:
Collection of raw material
Preparation of batch
Melting in furnace
Fabrication
Annealing
Collection of raw material:
The material of glass defers according to the
requirement
and the use of glass. Broadly the materials according
to the type can be listed as:

no Type of glass Raw material

1 Soda Lime glass Chalk, Soda ash and clean sand

2 Potash Lime Glass Chalk, Potassium carbonate, and

clean sand
3 Potash Lead Glass Litharge (Lead Mono Oxide PbO)
lead sesquioxide , Potassium
Carbonate and Pure sand
4 Common Glass Chalk, Salt Cake Coke, Ordinary
Sand, Etc.

In addition to the raw materials, the cullet and

decolorize are also added for each type of glass.
The cullet indicates waste glass or pieces of broken
glass. They increase the fusibility of glass and prevent
loss of alkali by valorization during the reaction in
forming new glass.
They also reduce the cost.
Fabrication:
The molten glass is given suitable shape or form
in this stage. It can either be done by hand or by
machine, the hand fabrication is adopted for small
scale
production and machine fabrication is adopted for
large
scale production.
Various methods of fabrication are:
Blowing Pressing
Rolling Casting
Spinning Drawing

Blowing:
In this process the molten glass is blowed from one
end with the help of a pipe in order to form and
cylinder. Then the cylinder shape when obtained of
desired length, is allowed to cool down and while
cooling it is cut from diameter in order to form a plain
sheet

Casting:
The molten glass is poured in moulds and it is allowed
to cool down slowly The large pieces of glass of
simple design can be prepared by this method. It
is also adopted to prepare mirrors. lenses, etc.

Pressing
In this process, the molten glass is pressed into
moulds The pressure may either be applied by hand
or by mechanical means This process is adopted for
ornamental articles, hollow glass articles. etc

Annealing:
The glass articles are then allowed to cool down
slowly and gradually. This process of slow and
homogeneous cooling of glass articles is known as
the annealing of glass.
Following are the two methods of annealing:
Flue treatment
Oven treatment.

Treatment of Glass:
Bending:
The glass may be bent into desired shape by placing it
in ovens in which the temperature can be regulated.
The glass in the form of rods, sheets or tubes is
placed in such ovens and heated. It is then bent when
it is suitably heated.

Cutting:
The glass is cut in required sizes with the help
diamond or rough glasses or small wheels of
hardened steel.

Silvering:
This process consists in applying a very thin coat of
tin on the surface of glass. The silver is deposited on
this layer of tin. A suitable paint is then applied to give
protection against the atmospheric effects.

SPECIAL VARITIES OF GLASS:

BULLET PROOF GLASS
FIBRE GLASS
FLOAT GLASS
FOAM GLASS
GLASS BLOCKS
HEAT EXCLUDING GLASS
OBSCURED GLASS
SAFETY GLASS
PERFORATED GLASS
SHIELDING GLASS
SOLUBLE GLASS
STRUCTURAL GLASS
ULTRA VOILET RAY GLASS
WIRED GLASS

COMPANY HISTORY
1. From Start Up to World War II (1907-1945)

1907 : Founded by Mr. Iwasaki -> although others

and government failed to manufacture glass
commercially. Iwasaki still continued the
business with commitment and his pioneer spirit
and mission to succed.
1909 : Begin sheet glass production. With imported
material from Belgium.
1912 : Made his first profit.
1916 : Made in house refractory bricks.
1917 : Started to make soda ash (glass raw
material) internally.
1932 : Started to produce Caustic Soda (an alcali
chemicals).
 (Their First Related Diversification. Beside
glass, they develop expertise in chemicals
and ceramics)
. From World War II to Oil Crises (1945-1973)

1950 : Pilkington (Britishs glass manufacturer)

invented float glass process with
Revolutionary technology that have significant
quality compared to flat/sheet glass.
-> Asahi glass and other major glass
companies licensed the float process.
1954 : Licensed from corning glass works, started to
produce TV glass bulb.
-Fiber glass-
1956 : Entered fabricated automobile (safety) glass
business -borosilicate Glass-, and leading in
these two markets.
1962 : Began producing and marketing
Autocraved Lighweight Cement (ALC),
licensing from swedish firm. (Their second
diversification in construction industry).
1973 : Licensed from Pilkington began to produce
GRC (Glass Reinforced
Cement).
 3. From Oil Crises through Early 1990s (1973-1990s)

1970s : The revenue of glass and construction

business accounted for more 50% of total
revenue, and chemical business for about 40%.
1976 : Began building an electronic business as
the fourth pillar. Glass, Chemicals,
Ceramics, Electronics. Because of the potential
growth and the experties of the management.
Producing Liquid Crystal Display.
(The third diversification).
1981 : New business division established to
produce Optical Lense, both glass and plastic
lense.
(The fourth diversification).
4. Globalization ( Foreign Expansion)
Flat Glass Globalization
1964 : Established flat glass company in India
1964 : Established flat glass company in Thailand
1972 : Established flat glass company in Indonesia
1980s : When BSN (one of the largest glass
manufacturer from France) decided to exit
the glass industry, Asahi Aquired two of four their
subsidiaries, in Belgium and Dutch.
Marketing mix Strategies:
Marketing is a societal process which discerns
consumers wants, focusing on a product or service
to fulfill those wants, attempting to move the
consumers toward the products or services offered.
Marketing is fundamental to any businesses growth.
The marketing teams (marketers) are tasked to create
consumer awareness of the products or services
through marketing techniques. Unless it pays due
attention to its products and services and consumers
demographics and desires, a business will not usually
prosper over time.
Marketing tends to be seen as a creative industry,
which includes advertising, distribution and selling. It
is also concerned with anticipating the customers
future needs and wants, which are often discovered
through market research.
Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or
directing an organization to be successful in selling a
product or service that people not only desire, but are
willing to buy.
1.Product:
In order for any company to sell its products and
services as successfully as possible, it needs to look
at what products it is selling in detail to ensure they
will be attractive and needed; the price to ensure it is
not too cheap or too expensive; where it is best
distributing its product; and finally, how it can create
interest and awareness for its products. All these
elements need to be targeted at the right people at the
right time. In order for its business to tackle this
correctly, it needs to get the right type of mix
(marketing mix), the mix should include four main
elements: Product, Price, Place and Promotion, by
examining each and carefully and adapting them to
customers needs, it will continue to produce and
needed products and services.
Every company needs firstly to identify who will be
interested in buying its products and services, this
should be identified once it has analyzed the results
of the market research. Companys market research
data will be able to look more closely at what its
market want and then look at its products to see if they
are satisfying your customers needs. Examine its
packaging design, materials used, size and quantity.
By analyzing the market and its requirements, it will
be able to change the product or develop the product
in order to match those requirements of the people it
is aiming at.
It also needs to remember that its customers needs
are likely to change and therefore its products should
constantly change to reflect each market change, if it
ignores these changes its products will no longer be
needed or desired by your target customers. The only
way it will be able to do this is to track your products
and track how its customers are still receiving its
products and services, balancing the subtle changes
as they occur.
Products of Nasir Glass Ltd:
Nasir Float Glass is a single line manufacturing unit.
Basic float glass is manufactured by melting Silica
sand. Ingredients such as Soda Ash, Dolomite, Salt
Cake, etc. are added to lower the melting temperature
of Silica and achieve optimal clarity of finished
product. The mixed batch is heated at about 1650c
and formed into large sheets by floating molten glass
on molten tin, thus giving it precise flatness &
transparency. The formed ribbon then passes through
an Annealing lehr, which cool-up the glass from 600c
to 70c. The operation prevents the formation of both
temporary & residual stresses in glass. Quality
Control System is an integral part of the production
process, which assures the fineness of finished
goods.
Distortion-free:
Nasir Glass has precise surface flatness, which
provides distortion-free vision.
Clear & Transparent looks:
Nasir Glass is excellently clear & transparent. When
turned into mirror, it provides brilliant reflected image.
Sparkling Surface:
Nasir Glass has fully fire furnished surface and
executes a fine luster, which resist scratches, dust &
dirt. Its easier to clean.
Solar Heat Energy Absorption:
Tinted Nasir Glass absorbs 30 to 35 percent of the
solar radiation heat (depending on the tint and
thickness of glass), reduces the flow of heat into the
buildings and keeps the building cool and
comfortable.
Beautification:
Nasir Glass enhances the aesthetics appearance of
buildings. It provides flexibility which helps Architects
and Designers to use it in new design trends.
Protection Against Glare:
Tinted Nasir Glass has low visible ray transmittance,
thus softening the glare of light.
Strength & Durability:
Nasir Glass is very strong & durable because it is free
from bubbles & ripples.
Window Glazing
Nasir Glass is the best choice for any window glazing
application for its superior strength, high optical
clarify, undistorted, smooth surface & flexibility in
sizes.

Curtain & Partition walls

Nasir Glass enables to design curtain & partition walls
owing to its inherent strength & availability of various
sizes. Besides giving modern looks, it reduces the
overall dead weight of buildings, allows faster
construction & requires less expensive maintenance.
The heat absorbing ability reduces the air
conditioning & lighting load largely, thus saving
precious energy.

Home Doors & Decorations

For its crystalline, transparent & tinted quality, Nasir
Glass is the first preference for home doors, cabinets
and different decorations.

Shop Fronts & Decorations

The shiny, strong, distortion free Nasir Glass provides
a distinct image to a shop. The easy maintenance &
non-inflammability of the glass make it an essential
material for display cabinets, partitioning, screening
& decoration.
Furnitures
Due to its versatility, Nasir Glass is ideal for furniture,
tabletops, shelves, cabinets, showcases & sliding
doors of large cabinets, cupboards, etc.

Mirrors
Nasir Glass gives perfect reflected image when turned
into mirror.

Tempered Glass
For its strength & durability, Nasir Glass also gives
perfection as Tempered Glass.

REFLECTIVE GLASS
A REFLECTIVE GLASS is made by high velocity
electric sputtering of metallic elements or compounds
on to a glass substrate in vacuum or in presence of
special gas.

Functions & Features:

Reflecting glass lowers the initial construction time &
cost of the building.
Lowers the operation cost of air conditioning by
reflecting the solar energy.
Makes buildings aesthetically beautiful by offering
variety of colors to glazed the building appearance,
attracting customers and enhancing renta l and sa l es
value of the building.

Makes a room comfortable by

conrolling light transmittance, which
ranges only 8-30% and reducing sun
glare.

Applications:
Reflective glass can be used as curtain walls for office
buildings, hotels, department stores, hospitals,
laboratories, computer rooms etc. where requires no
direct sun glare.
It can also serve as mirror glass for room decoration.
It serves as antipeep and antisteal barriers.
Specialized Application
Nasir Glass is also producing specialized crystallized
glasses, coated glasses.

3.PROMOTION
Another one of the 4Ps is promotion. This includes
all of the tools available to the marketer for marketing
communication. Marketing communications has its
own promotions mix. Think of it like a cake mix, the
basic ingredients are always the same. However if you
vary the amounts of one of the ingredients, the final
outcome is different. It is the same with promotions.
You can integrate different aspects of the
promotions mix to deliver a unique campaign.
Methods
There are some main aspects of the Promotional Mix
of this company. These consist of: Advertising- Any
paid form of non-personal presentation and
promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an
identified sponsor.
Examples: Print ads, radio, television, billboard, direct
mail, brochures and catalogs, signs, instore displays,
posters, motion pictures, Web pages, banner ads, and
emails.
 Various types of media
Nasir Glass Company uses various types of media. In
selecting the media Nasir Glass consider the
following factors

1. The purpose of particular advertisement and the

goal of the entire campaign influence which
media to use.
2. The advertise will be considering the geographic
where it will be advertised.
3. The media should fit the message.
4. Time and location of the buying decision.
5. Company analysis the media cost.
Media using by the Nasir Glass:

Television It is a most important media for

advertising. Most people enjoy television program a
reasonable time of a day. So, Nasir Glass Company
advertises their product on this media for increasing
their sell.

Direct Mail Nasir Glass some times advertise about

its different products to its existing and potential
customers by direct mailing them.
News Paper As an advertising media newspapers
are flexible and timely. Newspapers can be used to
reach an entire city or where regional editions are
offered selected areas. After analyzing these facts
Nasir Glass Company uses newspaper for advertising
their products.

Radio After inventing the television, Radio

audiences declined so dramatically that some people
predicted Radios demise. However, Radio has
enjoyed a rebirth as an advertising and cultural media.
With the number of stations increasing at a steady
rate radio is a low cost per thousand media because
of its broad reach. Nasir Glass Company uses Radio
for advertising their program.

Magazines Magazines are the media to use where

high quality printing and color are designed can reach
a national market at a relatively low cost per reader. In
recent years the rapid increase in special interest
magazines and regional editions of general interest
magazines has made it possible for advertisers to
reach a selected audience with a minimum of wasted
circulation. So, glasstech Company advertises their
product on magazines.

Out of Home Advertising:

Now a day many companies are spending on out-of-
home advertising. glasstech Company also
advertises their products on out of home advertising.
It may be billboard, Poster, Banner, and Neon light.

Sponsorship is sometimes added as a fifth aspect.

The company is now sponsoring many
social competition, debates, cricket
matches, stage plays etc Web
promotion is also a promotional mix.

Promotion budget:

Establishing promotion budget is extremely

challenging. Because management lacks reliable
standards to determine how much to spend altogether
on advertising, personnel selling and the remainder of
promotional mix. Now the money spend in
promotional activities is treated as investment. So
company must made the budget to fix the amount for
promotion, divide the amount among the all-
promotional mix and the budget should be recover for
the prosperity of the company.

Nasir glass involves in promotional activities and it

budgets in promotion investment on basis of
percentage of sales .the method can be divided into
two parts. First- determine the estimated sales and
second identify the percentage what will be spend for
promotion.

4.Placement
Placement (or Distribution) is one of the four aspects
of marketing. A distributor is the middleman between
the manufacturer and retailer. After a product is
manufactured it may be warehoused or shipped to the
next echelon in the supply chain, typically either a
distributor, retailer or consumer.
Broadly speaking, distribution concerns the methods,
processes, infrastructure, institutions and pricing
mechanisms required to bring a product from
manufacturers to consumers. Product may pass from
distribution partner to consumer via various
channels of trade, where a channel of trade is
defined to be an established market mechanism for
placing and selling products that follows a well-
understood set of merchandising, settlement and
delivery policies. Consequently, distribution strategy
encompasses elements of marketing, merchandising,
delivery and logistics: the set of business rules and
processes used to move the product or service
through the supply chain to the end customer.
Distribution strategy addresses questions about
appropriate logistics service providers (such as
3PLs), channels of trade, pricing and service policy.
The glasstech company has its dealers almost in
 every district of Bangladesh. It has its own transport
facilities for supplyiong he products to their dealers.

The distribution channel:

Frequently there may be a chain of intermediaries,
each passing the product down the chain to the next
organization, before it finally reaches the consumer or
end-user. This process is known as the distribution
chain or the channel. Each of the elements in these
chains will have their own specific needs, which the
producer must take into account, along with those of
the all-important end-user.
Channels used by glasstech:
A number of alternate channels of distribution may
be available:
Selling direct, such as via mail order, Internet
and telephone sales
Agent, who typically sells direct on behalf of the
producer
Distributor (also called wholesaler), who sells to
retailers Retailer (also called dealer or
reseller), who sells to end customers
Advertisement typically used for consumption
goods.
First the products are supplied from the factory to the
main dealer at Babubazar. Then the main dealer
supplies the products to the sub-dealers at 54
districts. These sub-dealers control the total
distribution channel within the districts. The products
are supplied from sub-dealers to the retailers. The
customers can purchase either from the sub-dealer or
from the retailers. The company has more than 100
retail shop all over the Bangladesh totally owned by
the company. Sometimes customers with big orders
purchase products from the company directly or from
the main dealer. The company gives a ordering
service for its customers to give order through its
official web sites.
In the remote areas where the company does not have
any sub-dealer or retail shop, the company sells its
products to those areas by hiring retailers.
The distribution channels for exporting products are
not as the same as the distribution channels used for
supplying products within the country.
When an international buyer gives an order to the
company, the company supplies the products by
direct shipment to that buyer.
The company has its own transportation division for
transporting the products to its dealers and retailers
within the country.
Conclusion

The four marketing mix elements are interrelated,

decisions in one area affects the action in another.
Design a marketing mix is certainly affected by
whether a firm chooses to compete on the basis of
price or on one or more other elements. When a firm
relies on prices as its primary competitive tool, the
other elements must be designed to support
aggressive pricing. For example, the firms competing
on the basis of price their promotional campaign likely
will be built around a theme of Low Price. In non-
price competition, however, product, distribution,
and/or promotional strategies come to the forefront.
For instance, the product must have feature worthy of
higher price, and promotion must create a high quality
image for the product.
Each marketing mix elements contains countless
alternatives. For instance, a producer may make and
market one product or many; the products may be
related or unrelated to each other. They may be
distributed through whole sellers, to retailers without
the benefit of wholesalers, or even directly to final
customers. Ultimately, from the multitude of
alternatives, management must select a combination
of elements that will satisfy target markets and
achieve organizational and marketing goals.
The Nasir Glass has set a combination of all the
marketing mix elements. The company is trying to
supply export quality products at a cheap rate than its
competitors and imported glasses. So it is competing
both on the basis of quality and price. The company
is also enhancing its promotional activities to raise its
sales volume and maximize profit. The company uses
a short vertical distribution channel to distribute its
products. At a glance to compete in a competitive
market, where both domestic and international
competition is present, the marketing mix the Nasir
Glass is using is a successful one.