SUMMARY QS015

Chapter 1
A. Indices

a m a n a mn COMMON MISTAKES!
am an am an
a m a n a mn
1 am an am an
an n
a a m b m ( a b) m
a 1
0
a m bn a m bn
(a m ) n a mn
a m b n a mb n
B. Surds
COMMON MISTAKES!
a a a
a b ab a b ab
m
a a a2
( a) a
m 2

Conjugate/ Rationalise surds

a a COMMON MISTAKES!
b a b a a b a b
a b a b 1 1 a b

b a a b a b 1

c. Logarithms
log a log b log(ab) (log a)(log b) COMMON MISTAKES!
a log a log a log b log(ab) (log a )(log b)
log a log b log
b log b a log a
log a log b log
log a m m log a (log a) m b log b
a loga x x log a m m log a (log a) m
log b b 1 log b a log b a
log a b log a b
log b a log b a log b b log b b

D. Polar form z a bi, z a bi POLAR FORM

Modulus, r a b
2 2 z r (cos i sin )

Argument,

b b
tan 1 tan 1
a
a in RADIAN!!

b b
tan 1 tan 1
a
a

PREPARED BY: FARAH ARINA BINTI IBRAHIM SUMMARY QS015

CHAPTER 2
A. Equation (Equality = )
i. Indices - same base

- let ( 3x a ) to simplify the equation to be quadratic function

- factorise the function RECHECK!! Only for Equality

- replace back 3x a to find values of x - Surds

- Logarithms (log / ln)
ii. Surds - collects the surds on one side and numbers on other side
- Modulus
- Square Both Sides (SBS)

a. one surd a x b 0 ( a x )2 (b)2

b. two surds a x b c x ( a x c x )2 (b)2

c. three surds a x b x c x ( a x b x )2 ( c x )2
iii. Logarithms - same base

- let ( 3x a ) to simplify the equation to be quadratic function

- factorise the function

- replace back 3x a to find values of x

iv. Modulus

ax b f ( x) ax b f ( x) , ax b f ( x)

ax b f ( x) [Square Both Sides]

B. Inequalities ( , , , )

i. Quadratic function
Graphical Real Number Line Table of Sign
F actorise F actorise
A ssume all factors to be T able Testing value
positive - Sign
R eal number line - Product of sign
S ign +ve/-ve A nswer
P roduct of sign
A nswer

ii. Rational function

ax b ax b k (ax b)
k 0 DONT CROSS MULTIPLY!!
cx d cx d cx d

PREPARED BY: FARAH ARINA BINTI IBRAHIM SUMMARY QS015

 iii. Absolute values
a. One absolute value function Greater Or Less And
ax b c c ax b c
ax b c and () ax b c

ax b c ax b c or () ax b c
b. Two absolute value function

ax b cx d ( ax b )2 ( cx d )2 SQUARE BOTH SIDES!!

CHAPTER 3

ARITHMETIC GEOMETRIC

Tn 1
r
d Tn 1 Tn Tn
Tn a (n 1)d Tn ar n 1
n a (1 r n )
Sn (2a (n 1)d ) , r 1
2
Sn 1 r
a (r n 1)
, r 1
r 1
a
S , 1 r 1
1 r

Binomial Expansion (BE)

n
a. Tr 1 (a nr )(b)r - independent x, x 0
r
- coefficient : excluding the variable

n n
b. n is positiveinteger : (a b)n a n a n1b1 a n2b2 ... bn
1 2
n(n 1) 2
c. n is negative integer / fraction : (1 b) n 1 nb (b) ...
2!

b
n
b n(n 1) b
2

S implify (a b)n a n 1 a n 1 n ...
a a 2! a

b
V alidity 1
a
A pproximate x given: substitute given x into LHS and RHS. Rearrange to get the approximate
requested.
- x not given: use comparing method. Make sure x is in the range of validity.

PREPARED BY: FARAH ARINA BINTI IBRAHIM SUMMARY QS015

CHAPTER 4
A. Basic Operation
Multiplication A B
A B C n1 m2
m1 n1 m2 n2 m1 n2

NOTE: A B B A not commutative

B. Transpose C. Determinant A a11C11 a12C12 a13C13

A B
T
AT BT
AT A
( AT )T A
AB A B
( AB)T BT AT
A2 A A
(kA) kA
T T

D. Inverse method AX B X A1 B PROPERTIES OF A1

(Use Adjoint method to find A1 ) 1. A A
1 1

A1
1
adj A 2. A A
T 1 1 T

A
3. AB1 B 1 A1
A a11c11 a12 c12 a13c13
1 1
4. A
m11 m12 m13
T
A

adj A Cij
T
m21 m22 m23 5. AB BA I A 1 B or B 1 A
m m33
31 m32 1 1
6. AB I A 1 B or B 1 A

E. Gauss-Jordon method A | B I | X 6 steps of ERO

PREPARED BY: FARAH ARINA BINTI IBRAHIM SUMMARY QS015