.

Chapter 14 Multiple Integrals

.
1. Double Integrals, Iterated Integrals, Cross-sections

2. Double Integrals over more general regions, Definition, Evaluation of

Double Integrals, Properties of Double Integrals

3 . Area and Volume by Double Integration, Volume by Iterated Integrals,
Volume between Two surfaces
.4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates, More general Regions
5. Applications of Double Integrals, Volume and First Theorem of Pappus,
Surface Area and Second Theorem of Pappus, Moments of Inertia
6. Triple Integrals, Iterated Triple Integrals

7. Integration in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

8. Surface Area, Surface Area of Parametric Surfaces, Surfaces Area in

Cylindrical Coordinates
. Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals, Jacobian
9
.

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 .
Chapter 14 Multiple Integrals
.
14.8 Parametric Surfaces, Surface Area Integral
14.9 Differentiable Coordinate Transformations, Jacobian Change of Variables
in Double Integrals, Change of Variables in Triple Integrals, Parametric
Surfaces, Surface Area Integral
.

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. 14.8 Surface Area
.
Definition. A parametric surface S is the image of a function or transformation r
that is defined in uv-plane and has values in xyz-space, i.e.
r : R R2 S R3 given by
r(u, v) = ( x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v) ),
where x, y, z are continuous functions defined in a region R in uv-plane. The
variables u and v are called the parameters of S.
In case x, y, z are smooth functions, then we call S is a smooth parametric
surface.
.
Given a function z = f (x, y) defined in a region R R2 ,
one has a parameterized surface S from the graph of
f : r(x, y) = (x, y, f (x, y) ), i.e.
S = {(x, y, f (x, y) ) | (x, y) in the domain of f }.
Similarly, one can also parameterize the same set S
as
S = {(r cos , r sin , f (r cos , r sin , ) ) | (r cos , r sin )
lies in region R in the polar coordinate plane }.
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 Given a smooth parametric surface S, with para-
metric function r(u, v) defined in a region R in uv-
plane, one wants to define the surface area of S.
First subdivide the region R into smaller rectangles
Ri (1 i n), each of size u v with lower left-
hand corner (ui , vi ).

Suppose both u and v are small, then the area Si of curvilinear figure Si
can be approximated by the area Pi of parallelogram with adjacent sides (in
vector form) ru (ui , vi )u and rv (ui , vi )v.
Pi = ru (ui , vi )u rv (ui , vi )v = N(ui , vi ) u v.
So the area of S can be approximated by the Riemann sum
ni=1 Si ni=1 N(ui , vi ) u v, which converges to . .
N(u, v) du dv.
. . . .
R
Matb 210 in 2014-2015
.
Definition. The surface area of a parametric surface S defined by r(u, v) in a
uv-region

R is given by
r r
N(u, v) du dv = du dv.
R R u v
Moreover, the surface area element dS = N(u, v) du dv, in which the right
.hand side depend on the choice of parameters u and v.
.
Theorem. If S is parameterized by the graph
of a function of z = z(x, y) in R of
xy-plane, then the surface area of S is 1 + z2x + z2y dx dy.
. R

.
Proof. As one can parameterize the graph by r(x, y) = (x, y, z(x, y)), so
rx = (1, 0, zx ), and ry = (0, 1, zy ). So
i j k
N(x, y) = rx ry = (1, 0, zx ) (0, 1, zy ) = 1 0 zx = (zx , zy , 1).
. 0 1 zy

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.
z(r, ) in R of polar
Theorem. If S is parameterized by a function ofz =
coordinate plane, then the surface area of S is r2 + (rzr )2 + (z )2 dr d.
. R

.
Proof. As one can parameterize the graph by r(r, ) = (r cos , r sin , z(r, )),
so rr = (cos , sin , zr ), and r = (r sin , r cos , z ).
i j k
Then N(x, y) = rr r = cos sin zr
r sin r cos z
= ( z sin rz r cos , (z cos + rzr sin ), r ) ,
and
. hence N ( r, ) = r2 + r2 (zr )2 + (z )2 .

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.
Example. Find the area of the triangular surface G with vertices
P
. (1, 0, 0), Q(0, 2, 0), and Q(0, 1, 1).
Solution.
It is easy to write down the equation of the surface G
x1 y0 z0
as 0 = 0 1 2 0 0 0 = 2(x 1) + y + z,
01 10 10

i.e. G is given by part of the graph of z = 2(x 1) y. Project the surface G

onto the xy-plane, and its image is still a triangular region with vertices
A(1, 0), B(0, 1), and C(0, 2). Recall that projection is the same as dropping the
last coordinate of the point. It follows that the surface area of G is given by
1 2(1x)
dA = 2 2
1 + zx + zy dxdy = 1 + 22 + 12 dydx = .
G ABC x=0 1x

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 .
Example. Find the area of the surface S that is the graph of z = x + y2 for
0. x 1, 0 y 2.

Solution. It follows from zx = 1 and zy = 2y, that

the surface area of S
1 2 2
= 1 + 12 + (2y)2 dydx = 2 1 + 2y2 dy
22
0 0 0
2
= 2
1 + ( 2y) d( 2y) = 1 + u2 du = .
0 0

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.
Example. If S is the part of the paraboloid z = x2 + y2 with z 2, find the
surface
. area of S.
Solution. Suppose the plane z = 2 meets the paraboloid z = x2 + y2 at a curve
C, and let (x, y, 2) be any point on C, then x2 + y2 = 2, so we know that by
projecting the surface S onto xy-plane, its shadow is given by the point in the
circular disc { (x, y) | x2 + y2 2 }. Then S is the graph of the function
z(x, y) = x2 + y2 , so zx = 2x, zy = 2y. The area of surface S is given by

1 + z2x + z2y dA = 1 + 4(x2 + y2 ) dA
x +y 2
2 2 x +y 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
= 1 + 4r2 rdrd = 1 + 4r2 d(1 + 4r2 )
0 0 8 0
[ ] 2
2 2(1 + 4r2 )3/2 13
= = (33 1) = .
8 3 6 3
0

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.
Example. Find the area of the upper hemisphere S : z = a2 x2 y2 of
radius
. a.
Solution. For any point P(x, y, z) in the surface S, we have
0 z = a2 x2 y2 , i.e. x2 + y2 a2 , i.e. the point (x, y, 0) satisfies
x2 + y2 a2 , which means that the image of point P after projecting onto
xy-plane lies on the circular disc D = { (x, y) | x2 + y2 a2 }. It follows that the
hemisphere lies above the circular disk D which can be described in terms of
polar coordinates as { (r, ) | 0 2, 0 r a }.
Let z = f (x, y) = a2 x2 y2 , then zx (x, y) = 2 x 2 2 = xz and
a x y
2 2 2 2
x2 a2
zy (x, y) =
y
= yz . So 1 + z2x + z2y = 1+ z2
+ yz2 = x +yz2 +z = z2
.
a2 x2 y2

It follows that the area of S = 1 + z2x + z2y dA
D
a 2 a a
= dA = rdrd
x2 + y2 a 2 a2 x2 y2 a2 r2
0 0
a
[ ]a
2 a (a2 r2 )1/2
= d(a r ) = a
2 2
= 2a2 .
2 0 a 2 r2 1/2
0
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.
Example. Evaluate the surface area element of a sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = a in
terms
. of spherical coordinates.

Solution. Let r(, ) = (a cos sin , a sin sin , a cos ), then

r (, ) = (a cos cos , a sin cos , a sin ), and
r (, ) = (a sin sin , a cos sin , 0). Then
2 2
N(, ) = (a cos sin ,
2 a sin sin ,
2 a2 sin cos ), thus
N(, ) = a (cos + sin ) sin + a sin cos2 = a4 sin2 .
2 4 2 2 4 4 2

Thus the area element dS = N(, ) d d = a2 sin d d.

.
Example.
. Determine the surface area element of a sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = a.

Solution. Let R = { (, ) | 0 , 0 2 }, which is transformed to

the sphere D given by x2 + y2 + z2 = a2 . The surface area of a sphere of
2
radius a is given by dS = a2 sin d d = a2 sin d d
D R 0 0
= 2a2 a2 sin d = 4a2 .
0

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.
Example. Find the area of the portion T of the unit sphere
2 2 1
.inside the cylinder x + y = 2 and z > 0.

Solution. The intersection of the unit sphere

and the cylinder is a circle, and the angle between the z-axis and a line from
the origin to the circle is /4. We parameterize the surface T by means of
spherical coordinates as follows r(, ) = (sin sin , cos sin , cos ) where
R : 0 /4, and 0 2 is a region in -plane. In this case, the
intrinsic surface area element dS = r r d d = sin d d. Note that
i j k
r r = sin cos cos cos sin
cos sin sin sin 0
= sin sin i + sin cos j sin cos k. And hence
2 2

r r = sin sin2 sin2 + cos2 sin2 + cos2 = sin .

Area of T = 1 dS = r r d d
2 T/4 R
= 0 0 sin dd = 2 [ cos ]0/4 = (2 2).
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.
Example Find the surface area of the torus generated by revolving the circle
C = { (x, 0, z) | (x b)2 + z2 = a2 } (0 < a < b) in the xz-plane y = 0 around
. z-axis.
the
Solution. For any point P(x, 0, z) lying on the circle C,
parameterize P by z = a sin and x b = a cos , where
0 2. Let O be the projection of P onto z-axis.

As one rotates the vector O P about the z-axis with angle
from 0 to 2, then the locus of the moving point P will

trace out a circle of radius = O P = b + a cos .
In this case, we first note that z-coordinate of the moving point from P(x, 0, z) to
Q(x , y , z), given by the same height z = a sin . Then under the rotation of the
angle = PO Q from 0 to 2 about the z-axis, it only changes the x and y
coordinates of the moving point Q just like in polar coordinates, then the
position of the moving point is given by
r(, ) = cos i + sin j + a sin k
= ( (b + a cos ) cos , (b + a cos ) sin , a sin ) ,
where R : 0 2 and 0 2 is a rectangular region in -plane.
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.
Example Find the surface area of the torus
generated by revolving the circle
C : (x b)2 + z2 = a2 (0 < a < b)
. the xz-plane around the z-axis.
in
Solution. As the torus is parameterized by the following
r(, ) = cos i + sin j + a sin k
= ( (b + a cos ) cos , (b + a cos ) sin , a sin ) ,
defined in the region R = { (, ) | 0 2 and 0 2 }.
Then r = ( (b + a cos ) sin , (b + a cos ) cos , 0 ) , and
r = ( a sin cos , a sin sin , a cos ) .

Then N(, ) = r r
= (a(b + a cos ) cos cos , a(b + a cos ) sin cos , a(b + a cos ) sin ) ,
and N(, ) = a(b + a cos ). The surface of a torus is given by
2 2
N(, ) d d = a(b + a cos ) d d
R 0 0
= 2a [b + a sin ]2
0 = 4 2 ab.

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.
Example. Find the area of the part of the paraboloid S : z = 9 x2 y2 that
lies
. above the plane z = 5.

Solution. For any point P(x, y, 9 x2 y2 ) of the graph lying above the plane
z = 5, we have 9 x2 y2 5, so its projection point Q(x, y) on xy-plane
satisfies x2 + y2 22 , which is a circular disk D of radius 2 in xy-plane. Since
z = 9 x2 y2 , so zx = 2x, and zy = 2y, hence z2x + z2y = 4(x2 + y2 ).
Then the surface area of S is

1 dS = 1 + z2x + z2y dxdy
S D
= 1 + 4(x2 + y2 ) dxdy ( in term of polar coordinates)
D
2 2 2
2
= r 1 + 4r2 drd = 1 + 4r2 d(1 + 4r2 )
0
[ 0
]2 8 0
(1 + 4r2 )1/2+1 13
= = (93/2 13/2 ) = 26 = .
4 1 + 1/2 6 6 3
0

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.
Example. Find the area of the part of the surface 2z = x2 that lies directly
above
. the triangle in the xy-plane with vertices at A(0, 0), B(1, 0) and C(1, 1).

Solution. The surface is obviously given by the graph z(x, y) = x2 /2, then
zx = x and zy = 0. It follows that the surface area is given by
1 x 1
1 + z2x + x2y dxdy = 1 + x2 dydx = x 1 + x2 dx

ABC
[ 0 0
]1 0
1 1 1 ( 1 + x2 )1/2+1 1
= 2
1 + x2 d(1 + x ) = = (2 2 1).
2 0 2 1 + 1/2 3
0

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. 14.9 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals
.
Definition. Let D be an open subset of uv-plane, and f : D R2 be a
vector-valued function defined by f (u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v)). Sometimes such a
.function f is called transformation.

.
Example. Let D = { (r, ) |0 < r, 0 < 2 } be a infinite rectangle with some
boundary removed in r-plane, and R = R2 \ {(0, 0)} be the xy-plane without
the origin (0, 0).
1. Define f : D R as follows: f (r, ) = (r cos , r sin ), which transforms

the region D to R.
.2 Define g : D R as follows: g(r, ) = (r3 cos , r3 sin ), in which one can
check g transforms the region D to R.
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. 14.9 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals
.
Definition. Let D be an open subset of uv-plane, and f : D R2 be a
vector-valued function defined by f (u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v)). Sometimes such a
.function f is called transformation.
.
(i) f is called continuously differentiable on D if the component functions
x : D R and y : D R are continuously differentiable on D, i.e. the
first order partial derivatives of x and y exist and are continuous on D.
(ii) f is called one-to-one, if the following condition holds: f takes different
points in D to different points in R, i.e. If f (u, v) = f (a, b) then
(u, v) = (a, b), i.e.
(iii) Let R be a region in xy-plane, f is called from D onto R, if the following
condition holds:
the range of f is equal to R, i.e. for any point (x, y) R, one can always
find a point (a, b) D such that f (a, b) = (x, y).
.

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.
Example. Let f be a transformation defined by the equations
(x, y) = f (u, v) = (u + v, v). Describe the image of the rectangular region
. = { (u, v) | 0 u 2, 0 v 1 } under transformation f .
S

Solution. For those who know linear algebra, f is a linear transform, so it maps
a line or a segment to a line or a segment respectively. As a segment is given

by AB = { tOA + (1 t)OB | 0 t 1 }, it follows from

f (tOA + (1 t)OB) = tf (O)f (A) + (1 t)f (O)f (B) that the image of segment

AB by f is also { tO A + (1 t)O B | 0 t 1 }, where O , A , B are the
image of O, A, B by f respectively. It suffices to determine the images of 4
vertices (0, 0), (2, 0), (2, 1), (0, 1) of the rectangle S by f .
Remark. This method works for the linear and affine transformations.

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.
Definition. Let D be an open subset of uv-plane, and f : D R2 be a
continuously differentiable transformation, given by f (u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v)).
The Jacobian of f at(u, v), denoted
 by
(x, y)  x x  x y x y
 v  =
Jf (u, v) = =  u
y y  .
(u, v)  u v  u v v u
.
.
Example. Define the transformation from the polar coordinates to rectangular
coordinates by f (r, ) = (x, y) = (r cos , r sin ). f is defined on
. = { (r, ) | 0 < r, 0 < < 2 } to R = R \ { (x, 0) | x 0}.
D 2

(x, y) cos r sin

In this case, the Jacobian of f is given by = = r.
(r, ) sin r cos

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.
Theorem. Change of Variables in Double Integral
Let f : D R be a continuously differentiable transformation, and let F(x, y) be
a continuous function defined on D. Suppose that f is one-to-one and and
maps the interior of D onto the interior of R,  then 
 (x, y) 
F(x, y)dxdy = F(x(u, v), y(u, v))   dudv.
. R D (u, v) 

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Matb 210 in 2014-2015

.
Example. Let R be a parallelogram with corners (0, 0), (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 3) in
xy-plane. Evaluate the double integral (x + y) dA, using the change of
R
.variables x = 2u + v, y = u + 2v.
Solution. Let D = { (u, v) | 0 u 1, 0 v 1 }, and define a transformation
from D to xy-plane by (x, y) = f (u, v) = (2u + v, u + 2v). It follows that
(u, v) = g(x, y) = ( 13 (2x y), 13 (x + 2y) ) is the inverse transformation from
xy-plane back to uv-plane, such that g f (u, v) = g(2u + v, u + 2v)
= ( 13 (2(2u + v) (u + 2v)), 13 ((2u + v) + 2(u + 2v)) ) = (u, v),
and similarly f g(x, y) = (x, y).
One can easily check that f is one-to-one from D onto its image, denoted by R.
(x,y)  
The jacobian of f is given by (u,v) =  21 12  = 3 (> 0).
 
 (x, y) 
(x + y) dxdy = ( (2u + v) + (u + 2v) )   du dv
R D (u, v) 
1 1 1 1
= (u + v) (3) du dv = 3 (u + v) du dv
0 0
1
( ) ( 0 0)
1 1 1
= 3 + v dv = 3 + = 0.
0 2 2 2
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.
Theorem. Change of Variables in Triple Integral
Let f : D R be a continuously differentiable transformation, defined in terms
of coordinate functions by f (u, v, w) = ( x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w) ) for all
(u, v, w) D. Let F(x, y, z) be a continuous function defined on R. Suppose that
f isone-to-one
and and maps the interior of D onto the interior of R, then
F(x, y, z) dx dy dz
R  
 (x, y, z) 
= 
F( x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w) )   du dv dw.
. D (u, v, w) 
 
 x x x 
(x, y, z)  u v w 
 y y y 
=  u  3 3 determinant
(u, v, w)  z v w 
 z z 
u v w
y y y y y y
x x x
= v
z
w
z v
z
w
z + v
z
w
z .
u v w
v v w
w v w
.
Remark. Note that the sign of the jacobian will change by a negative sign if
one
. interchanges the order of any two variables in the same list.

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Matb 210 in 2014-2015

.
Example. Let D = { (, , ) | 0 < , 0 < < , 0 < < 2 } be an open
subset of R3 . The coordinate transformation given by spherical coordinates
.are given by f (, , ) = ( sin cos , sin cos , cos ) for all (, , ) D.
One can check that f transform the subset D onto the domain
R = R3 \ { (x, 0, z) | z R, x 0 }, i.e. removing the xz-half-plane with
non-negative x-coordinate from the space. In this case, the Jacobian Jf of f is
(x, y, z)
given by = 2 sin for all (, , ) D.
(, , )
sin cos cos cos sin sin
Jf = sin sin cos sin sin cos
cos sin 0
cos cos sin sin sin cos sin sin
= cos ( sin )
cos sin sin cos sin sin sin cos
= 2 sin cos2 (cos2 ( sin2 ))
+ 2 sin sin2 (cos2 ( sin2 ))
= 2 sin

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.
Example. Find the volume of the solid torus R obtained by revolving around
. z-axis the circular disk (x b) + z a with 0 < a < b in the yz-plane.
the 2 2 2

Solution. Let D = { (w, , ) | 0 < < 2, 0 < < 2, 0 < w < a }.

One can parameterize the solid torus as follows:
f (w, , ) = (x, y, z) = ( (b + w cos ) cos , (b + w cos ) sin , w sin ), and
f transforms the open subset D one-to-one and onto the solid torus R with the
central circle removed. Then the jacobian of f is given by
(x, y, z)
Jf (w, , ) = = w(b + w cos ) w(b a) > 0.
(w, , )
Then the volume of the solid R is given by
 

 (x, y, z)  dw d d
1 dx dy dz =  
R D (w, , )
2 2 a
= w(b + w cos )dw d d
0 0
2
( 0 )
1 2 1
= 2 a b + a3 cos d
0 2 3
= 2 2 a2 b.

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.
Example. Find the area of the region R bounded by the curves
1.4 1.4
.xy = 1, xy = 3, xy = 1, xy = 2.
Solution. Define a transformation from xy-plane to uv-plane as follows
(u, v) = g(x, y) = ( u(x, y), v(x, y) ) = (xy, xy1.4 ).
v xy1.4 ( )1/0.4 v5
Then = = y0.4 , so y = y(u, v) = uv = u5 ,
u xy
( 7)
5
and x = x(u, v) = uy = u uv5 = u
v5
.
( )
u7 5
Define f (u, v) = v5
, vv5 , which transforms from the rectangle D ( in
uv-plane) D = [1, 3] [1, 2] = { (u, v) | 1 u 3, 1 v 2} one-to-one and
(x, y) xu xv 2.5
onto the region R on xy-plane. Jf (u, v) = = = .
(u, v) y y v
  u v

 (x, y)  du dv =
2 3 2.5
Area of R = 1 dA =   du dv = 5 ln 2.
R D (u, v) 1 1 v
.
Remark. Instead of trying to determine f explicitly as above, one can use
( )
(x, y) (u, v) 1 u u
1
y x
1
1 2.5
= = x y = 1.4 = = .

. ( u, v ) ( x, y ) v x vy y 1.4xy 0.4
0.4xy 1.4 v
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.
Example. Let R be the region in the first quadrant of xy-plane bounded by the
hyperbolas xy = 1, xy = 9 and the lines y = x, y = 4x. Use the transformation
( )
y
x = u/v, y = uv with u > 0, v > 0 to evaluate + xy dxdy.
. R x
y uv
Solution. = = v2 , it follows that 1 v2 4, and hence 1 v 2. And
x u/v
xy = uv uv = u2 , it follows that 1 u2 9, and hence 1 u 3. Define a

transformation (u, v) = g(x, y) = ( xy, y/x), which transforms region R in
xy-plane 1-1 and onto rectangle S = { (u, v) | 1 u 3, 1 v 2 } in
uv-plane. Reversing this viewpoint by inverting the transform g to f , the region
R in xy-plane can be described by the region S in uv-plane by this coordinate
change (or transformation) (x, y) = f (u, v) = ( uv , uv). Moreover, the Jacobian
(x,y) x yu 1/v v
of this transformation f is (u,v) = u = = 2uv .
xv yv u/v u2
( )
y (x, y)
So the integral + xy dxdy = (v + u) dudv
R x S (u, v)
2 3
2u
= (v + u) dudv = .
1 1 v
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.
Example. Let R be the region in xy-plane bounded by the hyperbolas
xy = 1, xy = 3, x2 y2 = 1, and x2 y2 = 4. Find the polar moment of the
.inertia of the region R.
Solution. Define a transformation g from xy-plane to uv-
plane (u, v) = g(x, y) = ( u(x, y), v(x, y) ) = (xy, x2 y2 ).
( )   1
(x, y) (u, v) 1  y x 
Then = =
(u, v) (x, y) 2x 2y 
1 1
= 2 2
= .
2(x + y ) 2 4u2 + v2
Let D = { (u, v) | 1 u 3, 1 v 4 }, one can check that g : R D
transform R one-to-one and onto D, so apply the inverse transform f : D R
of g in integration, such that g f (x, y) = (x, y) and f g(u, v) = (u, v).
The polar moment of inertia of the region R is given by
4 3
du dv du dv
(x2 + y2 ) dx dy = 4u2 + v2 = = 3.
R D 2 4u2 + v2 1 1 2
Remark. In , we have used the following equality:
4u2 + v2 = 4(u(x, y))2 + (v(x, y))2 = 4(xy)2 + (x2 y2 )2 = (x2 + y2 )2 .

. . . . . .

Matb 210 in 2014-2015

.
Example. Let D be the region in thefirst
quadrant of xy-plane bounded by the
( x y )4 xy
curve C : 2 + 3 = 6 . Evaluate xydxdy.
. D

Solution. Define coordinate transformation (x, y) = f (r, ) = (x(r, ), y(r, )) by

x = x(r, ) = 2r cos2 , y = y(r, ) = 3r sin2 . Then the defining equation of the
the curve C becomes r4 = r2 sin2 cos2 , i.e. r = sin cos , as C lies in 1st
quadrant. So region D = { (r, ) | 0 < < /2, 0 < r < sin cos } in
r-plane is transformed by f one-to-one and onto D in xy-plane. Then the
(x,y)
Jacobian of the transformation is Jf (r, ) = (r, ) = 12r sin cos > 0.


xydxdy = 6r sin cos |J |drd
D D
/2 sin cos
= 12 6r2 sin2 cos2 drd
=0 r=0
/2 [ 2 ]sin cos
r
= 12 6 sin2 cos2 d
=0 3 r=0
/2 4 4
/2 ( sin 2 )4
=4 6 sin cos d = 4 6 d
0 0 2
6 /2 3 6
= (sin 2 )4 d = .
4 0 64 . . . . . .

Matb 210 in 2014-2015

.
Example. The transformation x = 2u v, y = 2u + v maps the unit disk
G = { (u, v) | u2 + v2 1 } in the uv-plane to the region R in the xy-plane
bounded
by the ellipse 5x2 6xy + 5y2 = 16. Evaluate the double integral
exp(10x2 12xy + 10y2 ) dxdy.
. R

Solution. As the rule x = 2u v, y = 2u + v of change of variables are given,

(x,y)    
the jacobian factor (u,v) =  xyuu xyvv  =  22 11  = 4.
Moreover, 10x2 12xy + 10y2 = 2(5x2 6xy + 5y2 )
= 2[5(2u v)2 6(2u v)(2u + v) + 5(2u + v)2 ]
= 2[5(4u2 4uv + v2 ) 6(4u2 v2 ) + 5(4u2 + 4uv + v2 )]
= 2[16u2 + 16v2 ] = 32(u2 + v2 ).
It follows from the formula of change of variables for integral that
 
 
2  (x, y) 
exp(10x 12xy + 10y ) dxdy =
2 2 2
exp(32(u + v ))  dudv
R G (u, v) 
2 1
= 4 exp(32 (u2 + v2 ) )dudv = 4 exp(32r2 )rdrd
0 0
u2 +v2 1
1
4 2 4 [ ]1
= exp(32r2 )d(32r2 ) = exp(32r2 ) = (e32 1).
2 32 r=0 32 r=0 8
. . . . . .

Matb 210 in 2014-2015