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1- Oilers Calculation:
Its a deformation Perpendicular to the elements compression load and its the main problem
in every compressed steel element.
The first scientist who has studied the buckling is Oiler and gave us a force which called
Oiler Critical Force that at its exact value, the element starts to buckle.
(Then its Preferable to keep this force as far to rich as we can)
2
=
2
: Elasticity Modulus
: Buckled elements cross sections Inertia on the operating direction
: count of Buckling waves (usually n=1)
: Critical Length of the element (Effective Length).
The Critical Length: is the length which exactly gets deformed under the buckling accidents,
and it depends on the conditions of the elements supports.
Oiler has put four main supports conditions, due to a ratio () which express the percentage
of how much of the length is getting buckled.
=
He found out that a free rotation pin doesnt prevent buckling, while a fix prevent 15% of the
length from buckling, and a cantilever element will be a doubled length when it buckles.
The General four main conditions are:
1- Pinned-Pinned Element: =
2- Pinned-Fixed Element: = 0.85
3- Fixed-Fixed Element: = 0.7
4- Cantilever Element: = 2
Now as we can see the from the Oilers Law, We have Constants: (, , = 1)
And The Variables Remains: ( , )
Oilers Force decreases when the Critical Effective length Increases, and thats not good
because when the Oilers force is smaller, then the element will buckle quicker.
The Inertia: that as we can see when it increases, Oilers force increases too.
As we know every cross section has two main inertia directions, (Y and Z for the EC1993)
so its always better to try to make the major axis as an operating one, so the inertia increase
which increases Oilers force as well.
: ( )
: ( ).
: ( ) = 1
:
:
( )
.
4
.
=
%15 ( ):
= -1
= 0.85 -2
= 0.7 -3
= 2 -4
References:
1- EN1993.1.1
2- EN1993.1.5
3- Steel Detailers Manual Book